siRNA抑制Survivin基因对大肠癌细胞HCT116增殖及凋亡的的影响

目的探讨si RNA沉默Survivin基因后对人大肠癌细胞系HCT116的Survivin蛋白表达、细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。方法以脂质体lip-2000为载体,用针对Survivin特异靶点的si RNA转染人大肠癌细胞系HCT116后,应用免疫细胞化学S-P法、Western Blot检测Survivin蛋白表达变化;MTT法检测细胞增殖;流式细胞技术检测细胞凋亡。结果免疫细胞化学结果显示:HCT116的正常对照组、脂质体对照组及阴性错配对照组细胞浆均呈强阳性表达,Survivin-si R-NA组细胞浆Survivin呈弱阳性表达;Western blot结果显示:HCT116细胞系Survivin-si RNA组细胞的蛋白条带亮度均明显低于正常对照组、脂质体对照组和阴性错配对照组;MTT检测结果:与阴性错配对照组相比,Survivin-si RNA组细胞生长出现明显的抑制(P0.05),不同时段(24h、48h、72h)肿瘤细胞增殖抑制率之间有显著差异(P0.05)。流式细胞术检测Survivin-si RNA组细胞凋亡比例为9.72%,明显高于空白对照组及阴性错配对照组(P0.01)。结论si RNA抑制Survivin基因可以抑制大肠癌细胞增殖,促进凋亡;Survivin有望成为大肠癌基因治疗的新靶点。     

RNA干扰在肿瘤基因治疗中的应用策略

运用RNA干扰（RNAi）技术可以通过以下策略进行肿瘤的靶向治疗：抑制癌基因、生长因子及其受体的过表达,从而抑制细胞生长;干扰细胞周期蛋白及其相关基因的表达,从而抑制细胞增殖;抵抗致癌病毒的入侵;抑制抗凋亡基因的表达;上调和恢复抑癌基因的功能;抑制肿瘤发生过程中的关键酶;抑制与肿瘤转移有关的血管生成;靶向端粒酶;靶向耐药基因。尽管目前RNAi已经较为广泛地应用于基因功能研究和肿瘤疾病的基因治疗研究中,但其在应用过程中还有许多亟待解决的问题。我们就RNAi及其在肿瘤疾病基因治疗中的应用策略和存在的问题做一综述。     

RNA干扰技术在基因治疗中的应用进展

RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是一种双链RNA分子在mRNA水平上关闭相应序列基因的表达或使其沉默的过程,在基因治疗方面有着无可比拟的优势,已成功的应用于肿瘤、病毒感染、遗传性疾病及神经系统疾病等重大疾病的治疗.本文将主要介绍siRNA基因治疗的导入方法与途径,以及在不同疾病中,RNAi技术进行基因治疗的应用.     

siRNA沉默SIRT1基因对宫颈癌细胞HeLa增殖和凋亡的影响

化学合成靶向SIRT1基因的小干扰RNA,脂质体法转染人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa,观察小干扰RNA沉默SIRT1基因对HeLa增殖及细胞凋亡的影响。在优化siRNA SIRT1转染条件的基础上,应用RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测各组SIRT1 mRNA、SIRT1蛋白及凋亡相关蛋白的表达;CCK-8法检测细胞增殖抑制率;Hoechst荧光染色法和流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。结果表明,siRNA SIRT1转染细胞组SIRT1 mRNA水平和蛋白表达量明显低于对照组;siRNA SIRT1转染组细胞增殖受抑制,细胞凋亡率明显增加;凋亡相关蛋白P53、P21表达上调,Survivin表达下调。上述结果表明:siRNA SIRT1诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡与P53、P21、Survivin通路关系密切,但siRNA SIRT1诱导HeLa细胞凋亡的详尽机制有待进一步研究。     

RNA干扰体内导入技术研究进展

RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是一种发展迅速并具有广阔应用前景的基因控制技术,它能特异性地沉默内源或外源性靶基因,已成为基因治疗的有效手段。然而,利用RNA干扰技术进行体内基因沉默的主要障碍是如何实现siRNA和miRNA的体内安全高效输送导入。该文结合国内外进展和本课题组在RNA干扰方面的研究成果,对RNA干扰体内导入技术作一综述。     

RNA干扰技术抑制Polo-like激酶1表达对A549细胞的影响

Polo-like激酶1(Plk1)是参与细胞周期调控的重要分子,已在多种肿瘤中检测到Plk1的高表达,并发现与肿瘤细胞的增殖和预后密切关联.为明确Plk1在肺癌细胞系A549细胞增殖和周期运行中的作用,采用RNA干扰技术,构建能产生siRNA的质粒载体psiRNA-hH1-Plk1并导入A549细胞中.采用RT-PCR检测Plk1mRNA表达的变化,Western印迹检测Plk1、细胞周期蛋白B1、p53蛋白的表达变化,流式细胞术分析细胞周期变化和凋亡;免疫荧光染色检测α微管蛋白的表达.以此观察RNA干扰能否有效抑制Plk1的表达水平,以及抑制后对A549细胞生长的影响.结果表明,psiRNA-hH1-Plk1质粒能特异性地抑制Plk1基因的表达并使其活性下降,细胞周期蛋白B1及p53蛋白的表达水平升高,微管聚集障碍或形成单极的纺锤体,A549细胞增殖减慢,出现G2/M期阻滞并存在细胞凋亡.针对Plk1基因的RNA干扰有望用于肿瘤的基因治疗.     

小干扰RNA靶向VEGF基因体内外抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的增殖

 血管生成与肿瘤生长、侵袭、转移密切相关.血管内皮生长因子能特异地促进内皮细胞分裂、增殖及迁移,在肿瘤新生血管生成过程中起着至关重要的作用.通过RNAi抑制VEGF表达的抗血管生成疗法可有效应用于肿瘤治疗.本研究采用化学修饰的siRNA在体内外抑制VEGF基因表达,探讨化学修饰的siRNA介导的RNA干扰技术在乳腺癌基因治疗的可行性和特异性.选用阳离子脂质体Lipofectamine^TM2000作为转染试剂,将针对人VEGF基因的小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)转染人类乳腺细胞株MCF-7和裸鼠移植瘤,在体内外诱导RNAi.采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR),蛋白印迹实验等检测siRNA治疗组和对照组VEGF基因表达及细胞增殖变化.体外实验结果显示：靶向VEGF基因siRNA转染乳腺癌MCF-7细胞后,细胞生长抑制率达52.5%;VEGF的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.01）;裸鼠体内实验结果显示：siRNA治疗组瘤组织的增长受到明显抑制;RT-PCR结果同时表明治疗组VEGF表达下调.体内外对照组各指标无显著变化.化学修饰的siRNA介导的RNAi在体内外均能成功下调靶基因VEGF的表达,抑制MCF-7细胞增殖,是潜在的肿瘤治疗新方法.     

靶向Survivin基因与肿瘤

Survivin基因不仅表达于绝大多数的肿瘤细胞中,也存在于人体正常的细胞中,它具有抑制凋亡和调节有丝分裂的双重作用．临床研究表明：下调Survivin基因的表达或者抑制Survivin蛋白的功能,可以降低肿瘤细胞的生长潜力、增加凋亡的比例,而且可以增强肿瘤细胞对抗肿瘤药物和放射线的敏感性．许多抗肿瘤药物通过诱导细胞凋亡而发挥功能．但某些肿瘤表现出对它们的耐药性。导致肿瘤耐药性的一个最重要的因素就是Survivin的表达．有关细胞凋亡途径和Survivin基因表达等方面的研究可为发现和发展新型抗肿瘤药物提供新的途径．     

靶向survivin的siRNA对胃癌BGC-823细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨干扰RNA沉默生存素（survivin）基因表达对人胃癌BGC-823细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法设计并合成3条靶向survivin的小分子干扰RNA（siRNA）,构建表达性干扰RNA质粒（shRNA）——shRNA-survivin-1、shRNA-survivin-2和shRNA-survivin-3,分别转染胃癌BGC-823细胞,实时定量PCR检测干扰RNA沉默survivin mRNA表达效果,Westernblot观察对胃癌BGC-823细胞survivin蛋白质表达的抑制,MTT（四甲基偶氮唑盐）比色法分析检测细胞生长抑制率,流式细胞计数检测各组细胞周期和凋亡率,探讨干扰RNA对胃癌BGC-823细胞生长的影响。结果在体外,shRNA-survivin-1有效沉默人胃癌BGC-823细胞survivin mRNA的表达,使sur-vivin mRNA相对水平明显降低（P〈0.05）,survivin蛋白质表达抑制,72h细胞生长抑制率达74.92%（P〈0.05）,shRNA-survivin-1使G2/M期细胞百分比明显增加,凋亡率显著增加（P〈0.05）。结论 shRNA-survivin-1可以沉默survivin基因的表达,可以显著抑制胃癌BGC-823细胞的增殖,在一定程度上诱导其自发凋亡。本研究为靶向sur-vivin的RNA干扰在胃癌的基因治疗提供了有力的理论依据和技术储备。     

Survivin在口腔颌面部上皮性肿瘤中的研究进展

Survivin是近年发现的结构独特的凋亡抑制蛋白家族成员,具有抑制细胞凋亡、调节细胞有丝分裂的双重功能.Survivin具有肿瘤特异性,在正常成人组织中少见表达却高表达于多种肿瘤组织且与肿瘤细胞的浸润和病人的不良预后密切相关.本文对Surviviu的生物学功能及其与口腔颌面部上皮性肿瘤关系的研究进展进行综述.     

Novel ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction mediated short hairpin RNA plasmid transfection targeting survivin inhibits gene expression and induces apoptosis of HeLa cells

Survivin is an attractive target for tumor growth inhibition and represents a significant approach to anticancer therapy. RNA interference is an important tool for specifically down-regulating the expression of cellular genes. However, the efficiency of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on the expression of survivin gene and the influence on the cell apoptosis transfected by the non-viral gene transfer system of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction was not explored. In this work, recombinant expression plasmid of shRNA targeting survivin gene was constructed and added to cultured cervical cancer cells followed by ultrasound exposure and SonoVue((R)) microbubble. Expression of survivin mRNA and protein were assessed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Apoptosis ratio was quantified by flow cytometry marked with annexin V and 7-AAD. After transfected for 48 h, the expression of survivin mRNA and protein were (16.67 +/- 2.73)% and (21.33 +/- 3.55)%, respectively. The apoptosis rate was (45.41 +/- 1.47)%. The differences were significant as compared with other groups (P < 0.01). In conclusion, we suggested that survivin could be regarded as an ideal anticancer target of cervical cancer. Recombinant expression plasmid of shRNA targeting survivin gene mediated by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction technique could effectively inhibit the expression of target gene and induce cell apoptosis. This novel method for RNA interference represents a powerful, promising non-viral technology that can be used in the tumor gene therapy and research.     

肿瘤中与survivin有关的信号通路及分子以及靶向survivin的治疗前景

Survivin在细胞内环境稳定和肿瘤的形成中起重要的作用,在肿瘤的治疗中,survivivin的靶向治疗调节与一些典型的信号通路和一系列生长因子有关。众所周知,survivin是一个小的凋亡蛋白抑制因子,也是一个主要的抗癌靶标,与细胞分裂和凋亡抑制有关,它在大部分正常组织中缺失但在大部分癌组织中过表达。Survivin是一个与众多细胞信号通路有关的节点蛋白,这些通路协调各种细胞因子、转录网络和修饰基因,通过调节癌细胞内环境稳定直接或间接促进细胞增殖。临床前研究数据表明,survivin的抑制可以降低细胞增殖促进凋亡,增加细胞对细胞毒药物和放疗的敏感性,其过表达与不良预后和治疗耐受有关。因此对于癌症治疗,survivin是一个潜在的靶标。     

胰腺癌反义寡核苷酸技术治疗的新靶点-survivin

survivin对维持肿瘤细胞恶性增殖具有重要功能,是目前发现IAP家族中唯一与细胞凋亡和周期调控都相关的成员,其机理是与caspase-3、caspase-7结合而阻止细胞凋亡的发生。反义寡核苷酸具有高特异性、靶向性、无毒性等特点。以互补的形式与DNA或RNA的特异靶序列结合,抑制其转录和翻译上特定基因的表达,干扰致病蛋白质的产生,从而使肿瘤基因无法表达。存活素在胰腺癌中的表达具有一定的肿瘤特异性,可能是胰腺癌治疗的一个理想靶目标。下面就着重以survivin作为治疗靶点在肿瘤发生中的作用机制、表达和Survivin ASODN在临床应用中的应用前景作一简要综述。     

Silencing survivin gene expression promotes apoptosis of human breast cancer cells through a caspase-independent pathway

Survivin is recognized as an attractive target in cancer therapy because of its selective overexpression in the majority of tumors. Upregulated expression of this protein correlates with increased tumor grade, recurrence risk and decreased cancer patients survival. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of two survivin-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) constructs to inhibit T47D human breast cancer cell growth. After siRNA transfection, T47D cells showed a significant reduction in proliferation and survival exhibiting clear signs of apoptosis. pSil_1 that targeted exon 1 exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on cell growth, and increased cell apoptosis compared to pSil_30 that targeted exon 4. Cell apoptosis was found to be mediated by translocation of the mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), while no changes were observed in caspase-3 activation and Bid cleavage. Thus, silencing survivin expression using siRNA strategies represents a suitable therapeutic approach to selectively modulate the survival and growth of human breast cancer cells.     

Use of siRNAs and antisense oligonucleotides against survivin RNA to inhibit steps leading to tumor angiogenesis

The antiapoptotic protein survivin is an attractive target in cancer therapy because it is expressed differently in tumors and normal tissues and it is potentially required for cancer cells to remain viable. Given that survivin is also overexpressed in endothelial cells (ECs) of newly formed blood vessels found in tumors, its RNA targeting might compromise EC viability and interfere with tumor angiogenesis. We used two antisense strategies against survivin expression, antisense oligonucleotides (aODN) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), to study in ECs the contribution of survivin in various steps leading to tumor angiogenesis. A 21-mer phosphorothioate aODN and two siRNA oligonucleotides against survivin mRNA were designed to downregulate survivin expression. Survivin targeting caused (1) a strong growth-inhibitory effect, (2) a 4-fold increase in apoptosis, (3) an accumulation of cells in the S phase and a decrease in G2/M phase, (4) a dose-dependent inhibition of EC migration on Vitronectin, and (5) a decrease in capillary formation. Control oligonucleotides, an unrelated oligonucleotide, and one with four mismatches, had no significant effect. All these results show that survivin is a suitable target in cancer therapy because its inhibition in EC causes both a proapoptotic effect and an interruption of tumor angiogenesis. The two strategies used, classic aODN and siRNA technology, were very effective. Moreover, the latter can be used in the low nanomolar range, thus increasing the sensitivity of the treatment.     

Survivin基因在肺癌中的作用

Survivin是凋亡蛋白抑制因子(inihibitor of apoptosis protein,IAP)家族中的一员,发挥强大的抑制凋亡功能,同时也参与细胞周期调控,使该基因在肿瘤的发生发展过程中起重要作用。Survivin基因特异性的表达于大多数常见的恶性肿瘤(如肺癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、胃癌等),而在正常成人组织中不表达或低表达。大量的研究涉及Survivin基因与肺癌的关系,目前的研究认为,Survivin基因可能成为一个提示预后不良的肿瘤标志物,可为肺癌的诊断提供新的方法。而且很多研究已经进入临床试验阶段,使得Survivin基因在肺癌治疗方面的应用前景广泛。随着研究的不断深入,Survivin有望成为肺癌治疗的理想靶点。本文对Survivin基因在肺癌中作用的研究进展作如下简要综述。     

Modified high-density lipoprotein modulates aldosterone release through scavenger receptors via extra cellular signal-regulated kinase and Janus kinase-dependent pathways

A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) is overexpressed in most tumor cells and tissues, especially in tumors of the alimentary system, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric cancer, and liver cancer. RNA interference (RNAi) has been proved to be a powerful tool for gene knockdown and holds great promise for the treatment of cancer. In this study, the efficacy of RNAi targeting APRIL was analyzed via relevant experiments on human CRC xenografted in BALB/c nude mice. Both the mRNA and protein levels of APRIL were examined after intratumoral injection of APRIL small interfering RNA (siRNA). Meanwhile, pathological tools were utilized to observe the alterations on the aspects of proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis and cellular necrosis by means of detecting proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-3, TIMP-4, Bcl-2, Bax and Bcl-xL of CRC. In addition, terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and hematoxylin and eosin staining were also conducted to examine cell apoptosis and necrosis. It was found that grafted human colorectal tumor growth and metastasis were obviously inhibited while tumor cell apoptosis and necrosis were induced after in vivo APRIL siRNA injection into nude mice. The data indicated that silencing of the APRIL gene using RNAi may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of CRC.     

miR-145与肿瘤相关研究及其临床应用

microRNAs(miRs)是一类长约22核苷酸的内源性非编码单链RNA分子,对生长发育、细胞增殖、凋亡乃至肿瘤发生发展等生命过程具有重要作用.其中,miR-145是研究最多的miRs之一,研究发现其在多种肿瘤组织中表达下调.通过与多种靶分子,如OCT4、MUC1等相互作用,miR-145可影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、转移及凋亡等过程.在临床应用方面,多项研究发现,miR-145表达水平与肿瘤患者的诊断及预后具有良好的相关性.此外,其表达水平还与卵巢癌等多种肿瘤的化疗耐药性相关.本文就miR-145对肿瘤的发生发展的作用及影响,以及在临床上诊断、治疗和预后等方面的应用前景做一综述.