绢丝丽蚌胚胎发育的研究

绢丝丽蚌卵为均黄卵,爱精卵在雌蚌外鳃中进行胚胎发育,其卵裂为不等完全卵裂。在秋季自然常湿（水温变幅为２４－８℃）时,胚胎发育历时５１ｄ,经过卵裂期、原肠期,发育为具有透明原壳、过钩、闭壳肌丝、内足丝、刚毛和外足丝的成熟钩介幼虫。胚胎发育的不同时期与外鳃特征具相关性。     

绢丝丽蚌寄生变态发育的研究

绢丝丽蚌钩介幼虫在雌蚌外鳃中发育成熟后于冬季排放到体外,而后寄生到宿主鱼的鳃丝进行变态发育,寄生期历时近4个月.寄生后3d,内、外足丝消失;35d后,肉足形成;90d后,肠、闭壳肌、肾脏和鳃原基等生成;壳面加厚且外凸.次年春季,钩介幼虫变态发育成大小为253.37×273.26×179.96μm的稚蚌,脱离鱼鳃营独立生活     

蚌的形态习性和我国习见的种类

蚌生活在淡水中、属于软体动物门、瓣鳃綱,真瓣鳃目。是经济价值较大的贝类。不论在高等院校,或是中等学校,动物学教学中、讲授软体动物门,或瓣鳃綱皆以蚌为代表。这不仅因为蚌的形态构造是本綱的典型、而且容易解剖、一年四季各地湖沼水域均能采集到标本,用作实验材料最为适宜。本文拟就蚌的形态,生态,经济价值和一般习见的种类作一概述,以供教学上参考。     

蚌科钩介幼虫的比较形态学研究Ⅱ.六个种幼虫的形态

研究了真柱矛蚌、剑状矛蚌,洞穴丽蚌、角月丽蚌、三解帆蚌、褶纹完蚌等六种蚌的育作囊的类型和钩介幼虫的形态,应用光镜及扫描电僮对钩介幼虫的形态结构进行了观察和比较。结果表明 柱矛蚌、剑状矛蚌、三角帆蚌、褶纹冠的育儿囊为外鳃类同生型,洞穴丽蚌、角月丽蚌的育儿囊为外鳃类四生型、钩介幼虫可为二类：真柱矛蚌、剑状矛蚌、褶 纹冠蚌为有钩型,三角帆蚌、油穴丽蚌、角月丽蚌为无钩型。一些细微结构在不同种之间也存在着差     

背瘤丽蚌胚胎发育的初步研究

用显微技术研究了背瘤丽蚌(Lamprotula leai)胚胎发育和钩介幼虫结构。结果表明,背瘤丽蚌卵为均黄卵,受精卵分布在雌蚌内、外鳃腔中进行胚胎发育;胚胎发育同步;胚胎发育过程包括受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、膜内钩介幼虫期和钩介幼虫期;卵裂为螺旋不等完全卵裂;未受精的成熟卵在鳃腔内退化;胚胎发育期与胚胎、外鳃和内鳃颜色相关;怀卵母蚌胚胎在外界环境变化时容易全部流产。分析认为背瘤丽蚌胚胎发育期的繁殖特征可指导人工苗种生产。     

孕育对褶纹冠蚌滤食率的影响及鳃微结构变化

对比了褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata)孕育蚌、未孕雌蚌和雄蚌的滤食率,并运用组织学、扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验蚌的鳃结构进行比较观察,以此探讨鳃结构变化对滤食功能的影响。滤食实验结果表明:孕育事件显著降低了雌蚌的滤食率,而未孕雌蚌与雄蚌的滤食率无显著差异。孕育雌蚌内外鳃均由两鳃小瓣愈合而成,每一鳃小瓣由成排的鳃丝组成,在中介区鳃丝之间通过丝间隔连接,在内部侧区则通过瓣间隔相连。雌蚌内鳃的鳃间隔为外鳃的2～3倍,而雄蚌的内外鳃无差异。孕育雌蚌外鳃在初级水管、瓣间隔等出现明显的变化,并出现了二级水管结构,而内鳃未发现显著变化。扫描电镜显示:在褶纹冠蚌鳃丝表面存在3种类型的纤毛(前纤毛、前侧纤毛和侧纤毛),其形态结构和分布各具特点,长径58～85μm椭圆形的鳃小孔成排相间分布于鳃丝之间,而3组实验蚌的内外鳃丝之间无明显差异。透射电镜观察发现:孕育雌蚌鳃丝表皮细胞表面形成突起,显著增加了表面微绒毛的数量,可能有利于雌蚌在孕育期间由于初级水管转化成育儿囊后对呼吸、滤食等功能的补偿,与其他蚌科物种报道类似。综合实验表明,孕育雌蚌外鳃结构的变化,尤其是初级水管的结构改变和二级水管、鳃丝表面褶皱的出现可能是影响孕育雌蚌滤食功能的主要原因。     

我国五大淡水湖三角帆蚌群体mtDNA CO Ⅰ基因片段变异分析

三角帆蚌（Hyriopsiscumingii）,隶属于瓣鳃纲（Lamelli—brachia）,真瓣鳃目（Eulamellibranchia）,蚌科（Uionidae）,帆蚌属（Hyriopsis）。三角帆蚌是中国特有的优质淡水育珠母蚌。随着珍珠养殖产业的发展,生产中三角帆蚌种质退化严重,筛选或培育出品质优良的三角帆蚌是当前亟需解决的关键问题之一。我国五大湖鄱阳湖、洞庭湖、太湖、巢湖和洪泽湖是三角帆蚌的主要分布区域,对五大淡水湖三角帆蚌群体遗传多样性、群体间遗传变异及亲缘关系的研究将对三角帆蚌种质资源保护和良种选育产生重要的意义。     

安徽省药用动物名录

环节动物门 寡毛纲 后孔寡毛目、矩洲科:直隶环毛州、秉氏环毛叫 正叫科:背暗异唇酬蜓纲 颖蛙目、医蛙科:日本医蛙、尖细金线蛙、宽体金线蚝软体动物门腹足纲 中腹足目、田螺科:中华园田螺、中国园田螺、方形环棱螺 椎实螺科:静水椎实螺 柄眼目、姑缘利一:黄蜻蛹 蜗牛科:灰蜗牛瓣鳃纲 真瓣鳃目、蚌科:褶纹冠蚌、三角帆蚌、背角无齿蚌、背瘤丽蚌、射线裂脊蚌园顶珠蚌节肢动物门甲壳纲 等足目、平甲虫科:平甲虫 十足目、长臂虾科:日木沼虾 方蟹科:中华绒赞蟹、无齿相手蟹(螃蚁)蛛形纲 蝎目、纷蝎科:东亚纷蝎 蜘蛛日、园蛛科:大腹园蛛唇足纲 整…     

我国常见的经济淡水双壳类

这里介绍的是10种我国常见的经济淡水双壳类,分别隶属于软体动物门Mollusca,瓣鳃纲Lamellibra-nchia中的贻贝科Mytilidae、珍珠蚌科Margaritanidae、蚌科Unionidae、蚬科Corbiculidae、球蚬科Sphaerii-dae。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细