体外去除胆固醇菌株的筛选及其作用机理研究*

从青年人肠道中筛选分离,鉴定得到8株乳杆菌,进行胆固醇去除、耐酸和耐胆汁盐实验,发现两株植物乳杆菌Lp529和Lp501同时具有较高的体外去除胆固醇能力和耐胆汁盐及耐酸性能。通过对它们胆固醇去除过程和胆固醇在相应固液相中分布情况的实验分析,表明Lp501与Lp529去除胆固醇的机理有差别,存在菌株特异性。研究还发现,被菌株吸收的胆固醇没有被代谢为其他物质,并可在条件适合时重新释放出来。     

植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ菌株降胆固醇作用的研究

ST-Ⅲ菌株是经体外体内实验证实的具有降低胆固醇功能的一株植物乳杆菌,本实验对其体外降胆固醇机理进行了研究.结果表明,植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ菌株是通过同化作用和沉淀作用来共同降低胆固醇,其中同化作用为主导作用,可降低胆固醇76.38ug/mL(25.5%);沉淀作用为辅助作用,可降低胆固醇44.62ug/mL(14.85%);并且沉淀作用和pH值具有相关性,在控制pH6.0和不控制的条件下,分别为29ug/mL,与41ug/mL,这表明在酸性条件下ST-Ⅲ菌株的沉淀作用更易发生.在抗超声破碎实验中发现添加有胆固醇培养的ST-Ⅲ株抗超声能力明显高于对照的ST-Ⅲ菌株,这有可能是胆固醇进入到细胞膜中改变其结构增强韧性所致;在细胞荧光标记检测实验中也发现了胆固醇能改变细胞膜的组成成分,导致通透性变化,添加有胆固醇培养的ST-Ⅲ菌株荧光强度为106.22,仅为对照组的15.1%.     

益生菌降解胆固醇的作用及机理研究进展

益生菌是来源于宿主并对宿主健康有一定促进作用的微生物。降胆固醇功能是某些益生菌的主要益生功能之一。近年来国际上对益生菌降胆固醇的体外和体内研究进展,主要包括菌体生长与降胆固醇的关系、pH的影响、胆酸盐的作用、胆酸盐水解酶活性、益生元的使用、人和动物喂养实验等方面。目前人们提出的益生菌降胆固醇作用机理的假说主要有共沉淀作用、酶对胆酸盐的分解作用、胆固醇掺入细胞膜、细菌对胆固醇的吸收等,这些机理假说尚有待进一步研究证实。降胆固醇益生菌制品研发的前景十分广阔。     

植物乳杆菌LpT1和LpT2体外降胆固醇机制

【目的】初步探讨植物乳杆菌LpT1和LpT2的体外降胆固醇机制。【方法】以MRS、MRS+CH、MRS+CH+S和MRS+CH+N四种培养基为基础,接种植物乳杆菌LpT1和LpT2进行培养,通过分析比较培养基上清液、菌体沉淀和菌体细胞内部胆固醇含量以及接种和未接种两种情况上清液、沉淀和细胞内胆固醇总量变化,推测植物乳杆菌体外降胆固醇机制。【结果】乳酸菌体外降胆固醇存在非代谢和代谢降解两条途径,非代谢途径与共沉淀作用和菌体吸收有关。代谢降解是由于植物乳杆菌在生长过程中产生了特殊的酶系,从而将胆固醇降解成其他物质,导致其含量降低。【结论】研究结果为进一步研究植物乳杆菌体外降胆固醇的机制奠定了良好基础。     

植物乳杆菌体外降解结合胆盐与去除胆固醇能力研究

目的探讨并筛选植物乳杆菌的胆固醇去除和降解结合型胆汁盐的机理和性能。方法以来自健康人肠道的6株植物乳杆菌为对象。结果植物乳杆菌Lp501、Lp529和LS12具有较高的体外去除胆固醇和降解结合胆盐能力,且降解结合胆盐能力与去除胆固醇能力并不是完全相关的,还存在别的影响因素。同时本实验设计了一对针对植物乳杆菌bsh基因的特异性较好的引物,PCR实验结果表明,6株植物乳杆菌都携带bsh基因,这对引物可用于植物乳杆菌是否携带bsh基因的检验,也可辅助植物乳杆菌的分子鉴定。     

降胆固醇植物乳杆菌的紫外诱变选育

通过对植物乳杆菌进行紫外线诱变处理,采用胆固醇梯度平板的初筛方法和体外降胆固醇能力的测试,结果得到二株降胆固醇能力强且性能比较稳定的植物乳杆菌突变菌株Lp-UVs 29和Lp-UVs 44,胆固醇的降解率分别为48.7%和44.2%,分别比诱变前提高了97.97%和79.67%.     

新型乳杆菌素产生菌的筛选及菌株特性的研究

从酸菜汁中分离出 2 4株乳酸杆菌 ,采用牛津杯定量扩散法筛选出 1株抑菌活性较高的乳酸杆菌 ,经鉴定为戊糖乳杆菌。排除乳酸对指示菌作用的干扰 ,该菌株的离心发酵液不仅对革兰氏阳性细菌有抑制作用 ,而且对大肠杆菌 (E .coli.) ,沙门氏菌 (Salmonellatyphi)等革兰氏阴性细菌也有一定的抑制作用     

一种胆固醇氧化酶高产菌株筛选方法的建立

用亚硝基胍(1 mg/mL)与超声波(200 W, 50 kHz)复合诱变的方法, 对产胆固醇氧化酶短杆菌Brevibacterium sp. DGCDC-82进行诱变处理, 得到一株桔红色突变株其产胆固醇氧化酶能力提高140%, 酶活达到1.24 U/mL, 又用同样的方法对桔红色突变株进行回复突变处理, 得到一株白色回复突变株和一株淡粉色回复突变株, 两株回复突变株产胆固醇氧化酶的能力又明显下降, 酶活分别为0.17 U/mL和0.69 U/mL。说明短杆菌Brevibacterium sp.产胆固醇氧化酶能力与其产红色素成正相关偶联关系, 这种相关性模型的建立可以作为以后诱变或定向进化研究的筛子。     

基于耐酸性与抑菌性效果的益生菌候选菌株体外筛选研究

目的 基于筛选耐酸性强和抑菌效果好的菌株为靶点,为益生菌研发提供优良的候选菌株。考察菌株耐酸性与抑菌性的相关性,为益生菌快速筛选探索新方法。方法 选取62株不同乳杆菌、魏斯菌、粪肠球菌,在酸性程度不同的培养基中采用接种培养的方式研究受试菌株耐酸能力。用大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作为指示菌,采用牛津杯法研究受试菌株的抑菌能力。分析同种细菌的耐酸能力和抑菌能力的相关关系。结果 在酸性环境下,受试菌株存活率超过50%的有22株,耐酸性较强的菌株有DMLA16017、DMLA16116、DMLA16117、DMLA16118和DMLA16131。受试菌株对病原菌的抑菌力较强的有DMLA16017、DMLA16009、DMLA16118、DMLA16002和DMLA15015。结论 鼠李糖乳杆菌DMLA16017和发酵乳杆菌DMLA16118在耐酸性和抑菌性上表现出优良性状。可以通过受试菌株对酸性耐受能力指示受试菌株对病原菌抑制能力,实现对受试菌株的快速筛选。     

胆固醇转化菌株的筛选及发酵条件优化

【目的】从土壤中筛选及鉴定具有转化胆固醇能力的菌株SE-1,对转化产物进行结构鉴定,并通过一定的工艺条件优化提高转化产率。【方法】利用胆固醇为唯一碳源筛选能转化胆固醇的菌株SE-1,对菌株进行形态、生理生化特征试验及16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析确定该菌株的系统发育学地位。发酵转化产物经氯仿萃取,对转化产物进行硅胶板薄层层析法分析,用硅胶柱层析法、Sephadex LH20分离产物,通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR分析确定转化产物的化学结构。对菌株转化胆固醇的发酵培养基的碳源、氮源、底物添加方式及发酵条件进行优化。【结果】菌株SE-1为革兰氏阴性菌,生理生化特征与洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia)相似,16S rRNA序列与洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(GenBank No.U96927)相似性为99%。硅胶薄层层析显示转化产物为两种产物。发酵转化时,在胆固醇-吐温乳化液的添加量为1 g/L,碳源糖蜜5%,氮源(NH4)2SO40.3%,接种量4%,发酵液pH7.5,36℃发酵的条件下,7β-羟基胆固醇的产率最高,达到34.4%。【结论】分离得到的菌株SE-1鉴定为Burkholderia cepacia。菌株SE-1转化胆固醇的主产物为7β-羟基胆固醇,次产物为7-酮基胆固醇,胆固醇7β-羟基化转化率在最适的转化条件下比优化前提高了20.8%。     

不同分离源植物乳杆菌的群体基因组分析

【背景】植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)广泛存在于植物、乳制品、肉制品、哺乳动物和昆虫的肠道等多种生态环境中。【目的】探究不同分离源L. plantarum基因组与其所在环境是否存在潜在的联系。【方法】利用比较基因组学对126株分离自植物、乳制品、肉制品、果蝇及哺乳动物肠道和口腔等部位的L. plantarum菌株基因组进行系统发育分析和功能基因组分析,解析不同分离源菌株间的亲缘关系和进化历程。【结果】果蝇分离株的基因组大小显著高于植物、哺乳动物肠道、肉制品和乳制品分离株(P0.05),植物和哺乳动物肠道、口腔等部位与肉制品分离株的基因组大小和编码基因数量无显著差异(P0.05)。基于单拷贝基因串联和核心基因系统发育树分析均发现,果蝇分离株和乳制品分离株分别集中聚集分布在某一分支中,其余分离源均匀分布在各个分支中。附属基因分析结果与系统发育树分析结果一致。功能基因注释结果发现,果蝇分离株的环境特异性基因参与低聚果糖和几丁质代谢,乳制品分离株的环境特异性基因参与mazEF毒素-抗毒素系统和CRISPR系统。【结论】植物乳杆菌分离株为适应较为独特的果蝇和乳制品生境而发生了适应性进化。本研究为植物乳杆菌适应性进化提供了新见解,同时为解析菌株的进化历程提供了理论基础。     

The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Extracellular Vesicles from Korean Women in Their 20s on Skin Aging

Extracellular vesicles, which are highly conserved in most cells, contain biologically active substances. The vesicles and substances interact with cells and impact physiological mechanisms. The skin is the most external organ and is in direct contact with the external environment. Photoaging and skin damage are caused by extrinsic factors. The formation of wrinkles is a major indicator of skin aging and is caused by a decrease in collagen and hyaluronic acid. MMP-1 expression is also increased. Due to accruing damage, skin aging reduces the ability of the skin barrier, thereby lowering the skin’s ability to contain water and increasing the amount of water loss. L. plantarum suppresses various harmful bacteria by secreting an antimicrobial substance. L. plantarum is also found in the skin, and research on the interactions between the bacteria and the skin is in progress. Although several studies have investigated L. plantarum, there are only a limited number of studies on extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from L. plantarum, especially in relation to skin aging. Herein, we isolated EVs that were secreted from L. plantarum of women in their 20s (LpEVs). We then investigated the effect of LpEVs on skin aging in CCD986sk. We showed that LpEVs modulated the mRNA expression of ECM related genes in vitro. Furthermore, LpEVs suppressed wrinkle formation and pigmentation in clinical trials. These results demonstrated that LpEVs have a great effect on skin aging by regulating ECM related genes. In addition, our study offers important evidence on the depigmentation effect of LpEVs.     

益生乳酸菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang和Lactobacillus plantarum P8对全价饲料pH及微生物类群变化的研究

研究了益生乳酸菌干酪乳杆菌Zhang(Lactobacillus casei Zhang)和植物乳杆菌P8(Lactobacillus planta-rum P8)对全价饲料pH及微生物类群变化的影响。分别将L.casei Zhang、L.plantarum P8单一菌种及复合菌种(11)以6.30 lg cfu/g的接种总量发酵全价饲料,测定25℃10 d发酵期间全价饲料pH和微生物类群的变化,应用选择培养基测定发酵饲料中的乳酸菌及杂菌(酵母菌、霉菌、大肠菌群、芽胞杆菌和梭状芽胞杆菌)的动态变化,应用RT-PCR技术测定试验组中的L.casei Zhang和L.plantarum P8的动态变化。结果显示,试验组pH下降显著,发酵10 d时,L.casei Zhang、L.plantarum P8单一菌种和复合菌种发酵饲料的pH分别为4.23、4.24和4.22,显著低于对照组(P0.05);L.casei Zhang、L.plantarum P8单一菌种和复合菌种发酵饲料中的L.casei Zhang、L.plantarum P8活菌数分别为8.91、8.89、6.58和8.69 lg cfu/g。发酵期间,试验组中酵母菌、霉菌、大肠菌群、芽胞杆菌及梭状芽胞杆菌活菌数显著低于对照组(P0.05),其中L.plantarum P8单一菌种发酵和复合菌种发酵对杂菌抑制效果显著优于L.casei Zhang单一菌种发酵(P0.05)。结果表明,全价饲料经L.casei Zhang、L.plantarum P8发酵可以显著降低其pH,抑制其中杂菌的生长,同时L.casei Zhang、L.plantarum P8在饲料中具有良好的稳定性。     

植物乳杆菌环二腺苷酸合成酶的克隆表达与活性分析

[背景]环二腺苷酸(Cyclic Diadenosine Monophosphate,c-di-AMP)是一种主要存在于革兰氏阳性菌中的重要的第二信使分子,其参与细菌的生长、生存、抗逆性等多种生理活动,但目前关于乳酸菌中c-di-AMP的研究甚少.[目的]从植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)中...     

Identification and characterization of antibiotic resistance genes in Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum

Aims:  The study aimed to identify the resistance genes mediating atypical minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol within two sets of representative strains of the species Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum and to characterize identified genes by means of gene location and sequencing of flanking regions.
Methods and Results:  A tet (W) gene was found in 24 of the 28 Lact. reuteri strains with atypical MIC for tetracycline, whereas four of the six strains with atypical MIC for erythromycin were positive for erm (B) and one strain each was positive for erm (C) and erm (T). The two Lact. plantarum strains with atypical MIC for tetracycline harboured a plasmid-encoded tet (M) gene. The majority of the tet (W)-positive Lact. reuteri strains and all erm -positive Lact. reuteri strains carried the genes on plasmids, as determined by Southern blot and a real-time PCR method developed in this study.
Conclusions:  Most of the antibiotic-resistant strains of Lact. reuteri and Lact. plantarum harboured known plasmid-encoded resistance genes. Examples of putative transfer machineries adjacent to both plasmid- and chromosome-located resistance genes were also demonstrated.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  These data provide some of the knowledge required for assessing the possible risk of using Lact. reuteri and Lact. plantarum strains carrying antibiotic resistance genes as starter cultures and probiotics.     

植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0728质粒p141的分子分析

对分离自植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0728的质粒p141进行了全序列测定,结果显示,该质粒全长为3597bp,平均G+Cmol%值为38%,并利用DNAMAN6.0软件得到该质粒限制性内切酶图谱。经NCBI网站ORFFinder软件分析确定其编码序列即ORF为15个,通过与公共数据库比对,发现可以识别功能的ORF有2个,其中包括质粒复制所必需的rep基因,p141的rep基因与已知序列的植物乳杆菌WCFS1内源质粒pWCFS101以及植物乳杆菌内源质粒pM4的复制蛋白基因相似性高达91%。根据rep基因的相似性比较,判断p141的复制模式归属于RCR模式的GroupIII组,即pC194家族。另外,还发现质粒p141中存在mob基因,表明该质粒具有水平转移能力。但没有发现Tn4430转座子以及转座酶基因topl和topA,所以可以判断该质粒的基因比较稳定。此外,还发现该质粒序列中存在一定的与质粒复制和转移调控以及蛋白质表达等有关的重复序列,其对调控质粒的拷贝数有一定意义。     

嗜酸乳杆菌同化MRS培养基中胆固醇能力的研究

目的 对嗜酸乳杆菌在MRS液体培养基中同化胆固醇的能力进行初步研究。方法模拟人体不同胆固醇水平。结果 嗜酸乳杆菌对低胆固醇或正常水平胆固醇同化作用不明显,而对高胆固醇水平的同化作用比较明显。结论 嗜酸乳杆菌具有同化胆固醇的能力。     

In vitro growth inhibition of Helicobacter pylori by lactobacilli belonging to the Lactobacillus plantarum group

AIMS: The aim of this study was to test and locate the in vitro anti-Helicobacter activity of seven Lactobacillus strains belonging to Lactobacillus plantarum group. METHODS AND RESULTS: Growth inhibition of H. pylori was tested using a well-plate assay. Of the strains displaying the strongest growth inhibition, a L. plantarum isolated from sauerkraut (MLBPL1) was chosen for further studies. The detected anti-Helicobacter activity of MLBPL1 was mainly associated with cell wall, and to a minor extent with the culture supernatant. The active component, which was determined to be between 3 and 10 kDa in size, retained its activity after 10 min treatment at 100 degrees C. The activity was present when MLBPL1 was cultivated in rich laboratory cultivation medium MRS and in different food matrices. CONCLUSIONS: The strains belonging to L. plantarum group showed anti-Helicobacter activity in vitro. The main activity seemed to be associated with cell wall rather than culture supernatant or intracellular fraction. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In view of the rapid spread of resistant H. pylori strains caused by antibiotic therapy, addition of a fermented food containing L. plantarum to the conventional antibiotic treatment of Helicobacter infection could establish a potential complementary means to suppress the infection.     

Transformation of Lactobacillus plantarum with the plasmid pTV1 by electroporation

Abstract Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 was transformed with pTV1 by electroporation using a modification of a procedure described for Escherichia coli . The plasmid pTV1 which contains the pE194 replicon from Staphylococcus aureus and transposon Tn917 from Streptococcus faecalis was shown to replicate as a high copy number plasmid in L. plantarum , and the two encoded antibiotic resistance traits were expressed. Tn917 transposed with a high frequency into plasmid DNA of L. plantarum as shown by restriction enzyme analysis and Southern hybridization studies. There are no previous reports on transposition in the lactobacilli. This system may prove to be an important tool in further work on the genetics of these organisms.