温度对美洲斑潜蝇及南症状斑潜蝇种群增长的影响

在恒温条件下观察了美洲斑潜蝇和南美斑潜蝇实验种群的发育、存活及繁殖情况,拟合了两种斑潜蝇发育速率与温度之间的关系模型,求出了各发育阶段的发育起点温度及有效积温,组建了不同温度下两种斑潜蝇实验种群的生殖力表,计算了主要的生命表参数。结果表明,温度对两种斑潜蝇的发育、存活、繁殖均有显著的影响,且两种斑潜蝇对温度的适应特性有着明显差异。美洲斑潜蝇适应的温度范围较广,相对较高的温度有利于种群的发育、生存及繁殖;而南美斑潜蝇适应的温度范围相对较窄,且适温范围明显偏低,高温不利于种群的增长;在各自的适温条件下,两种斑潜蝇都有很强的种群增殖能力。     

温度对美洲斑潜蝇种群参数的影响(英文)

本文报道温度对美洲斑潜蝇种群参数和自然内禀增长率的影响。实验在 5种温度即 15,2 0 ,2 5,30和 35℃ ,相对湿度为 80 % ,光照 12∶12 (L∶D)条件下进行 ,并用菜豆Phaseolusvulgaris作为它的寄主植物。实验结果表明 ,美洲斑潜蝇非成熟期的发育时间从 15℃的 38d减少到 35℃的 11d。描述卵 ,幼虫和蛹的发育率 (y)随温度 (t)变化的方程分别是 y =1 786 2t - 13 84 1,y =1 16 2t - 4 94 6和 y =0 6 34t - 5 146。雌成虫的寿命在 15℃条件下是 2 0d ,到 35℃时则下降到 9d。最适宜的繁殖温度是 2 0℃- 30℃ ,在此温度范围内每雌产卵量为 158粒到 2 82粒。非成熟期在 2 5℃条件下的死亡率最低 ,为9% ,而最高出现在 35℃ ,为 4 9%。在 2 5℃到 30℃这个温度范围内 ,获得较高的自然内禀增长率(rm)和净繁殖力 (R0 ) ,分别为 0 2 7和 116 8,此结果表明此温度范围最有利于该种群的增长 ,种群的世代增长倍数约为 117倍。实验结果还表明 ,该虫种群的平均世代历期 (T)和种群倍增时间 (t)随温度升高而减少 ,而种群有限增长率 (λ)与温度的关系则是正的线性关系。     

温、湿度对南美斑潜蝇和美洲斑潜蝇羽化的影响

在实验条件下 ,研究了温湿度对南美斑潜蝇Liriomgzahuidobrensis和美洲斑潜蝇Liriomgzasativae羽化的影响。结果表明 ,温度对 2种斑潜蝇日羽化节律有显著的影响。随温度的升高 ,成虫的日羽化时段相应缩短 ,日羽化高峰期相应提前。且 2种斑潜蝇的羽化均集中在 1 2 :0 0之前。 2种斑潜蝇羽化所需要的最适温度 :南美斑潜蝇为 2 0℃ ,美洲斑潜蝇为 2 5℃ ;羽化所需要的最适相对湿度 :南美斑潜蝇为90 % ,美洲斑潜蝇为 1 0 0 %。     

温度对美洲斑潜蝇发育,存活和繁殖的影响

探讨了在光照周期为１４Ｌ１０Ｄ、Ｒ．Ｈ．为７０ ％ ±５ ％ 的恒温（１２ ～３５ ℃） 条件下美洲斑潜蝇的发育、繁殖和存活,求得美洲斑潜蝇世代的发育起点温度与有效积温分别为８ ．７７ ℃和２９５ ．６９ 日度,给出了温度与各虫态发育速率间的函数关系．２０ ～２７ ．５ ℃时存活率较高,死亡主要发生在蛹期,３５ ℃下蛹不能羽化．成虫寿命随温度的升高而缩短; 种群增长指数于２７ ．５ ℃时达到最高．     

温度对美洲斑潜蝇发育、存活和繁殖的影响

探讨了在光照周期为14L◊10D、R.H.为70%±5%的恒温(12～35℃)条件下美洲斑潜蝇的发育、繁殖和存活,求得美洲斑潜蝇世代的发育起点温度与有效积温分别为8.77℃和295.69日度,给出了温度与各虫态发育速率间的函数关系。20～27.5℃时存活率较高,死亡主要发生在蛹期,35℃下蛹不能羽化。成虫寿命随温度的升高而缩短;种群增长指数于27.5℃时达到最高。     

福州郊区美洲斑潜蝇、南美斑潜蝇寄主植物初步名录

本记录了福州郊区美洲斑潜蝇、南美斑潜蝇寄主植物的初步名录。发现该地区美洲斑潜蝇可取食20科85种植物,南美斑潜蝇可取食20科73种。最后讨论了这两种斑潜蝇的主要寄主作物和杂草,并提出套种和清除田间杂草的农防措施;斑潜蝇的适应性很强,寄主范围正逐步扩大,应密切关注其动态。     

美洲斑潜蝇实验种群生命表的研究

在15、20、25、30和35℃五种温度下,观察了美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae Blanchard实验种群的发育历期、存活率、产卵量、寿命等,组建了实验种群生命表,估测了种群参数。结果表明：随温度升高发育历期缩短,在试验的温度范围内,卵、幼虫、蛹的历期变化分别为7.6～2.0天,12.7～2.9天,34.3～6.8天;成虫寿命变化为17.3～6.5天。卵、幼虫、蛹的发育起点温度分别为7.5℃,9.8℃,11.5℃,10.9℃,有效积温为3.9,52.7,128.5,229.9日度。在五种温度下,卵的存活率均在84.2%以上。幼虫除在15℃时存活率为66.7%外,其它温度均在94.6%以上,蛹的存活率变化幅度最大,25℃时为80.3%,35℃时仅为10.0%。30℃时种群的内禀增长力r_m最大,加倍时间最短,净生殖率最高。在20～35℃四种温度下种群的稳定年龄组配中未成熟阶段所占比例均在97%以上。     

温度对美洲斑潜蝇发育、存活和繁殖的影响

在恒温１５,２０,２５,３０和３５℃下,对美洲斑潜蝇在菜豆上的发育和繁殖做了研究。结果表明,在１５￣３５℃范围内,未成熟期各虫态（卵、幼虫和蛹）的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,发育速率呈逻辑斯蒂曲线变化;卵期孵化率在２５℃中最高;各温度下幼虫期存活率最高,低温１５℃和高温３５℃对蛹的存活有显示抑制作用,１５℃时蛹的死亡率达３９．６％。成虫寿命一般在２０ｄ以内,与温度呈直线负相关;繁殖力最高可达２８１     

美洲斑潜蝇实验种群的饲养技术

本文阐述了寄主植物的室内培养及美洲斑潜蝇的饲养技术。实验以花斑芸豆作为寄主植物。经试验,去除复叶对增加真叶有效利用面积有一定作用。经１０天左右的培养,叶片长、宽度增长速率明显减慢,此时是接种斑潜蝇的最佳时机,１５天后即斑潜蝇幼虫生长到３龄时,叶面积达最大。在２５℃室温下,１４小时光照,６０％的相对湿度,２只接种箱,每天加入成虫１００头（雌：雄＝１：１）,并更换新苗１０～１２盆,共６０～７２片叶子,生长期１０～１５天,每片叶子的面积可达２５～４０ｃｍ。照此每天可得６００～１０００头蛹即可基本满足室内工作的需要。     

寄生性天敌对美洲斑潜蝇种群控制作用评价

组建了美洲斑潜蝇自然种群生命表,在此基础上应用排除控制指数分析方法,分析了寄生性天敌对美洲斑潜蝇自然种群的控制作用。结果表明,美洲斑潜蝇在秋季花前期菜豆上种群趋势指数为５．６１;寄生性天敌的寄生是影响美洲斑潜蝇自然种群数量增长的重要因子;若排除寄生性天敌的作用,其种群密度将增长为原来的２．４７６倍。     

Comparative demography of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard （Diptera： Agromyzidae） on cucumber at seven constant temperatures

Reproduction and population parameters of vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard were measured on cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） at seven constant temperatures （10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40℃）. No eggs were found at 10℃ and flies died after exposure to 40℃. The significantly highest intrinsic rate of natural increase （rm）, net reproductive rate （R0） and finite rate of increase （λ） ofL. sativae were obtained at 25℃ as 0.196, 52.452, and 1.216, respectively. The above-mentioned parameters decreased at 15℃ and 135℃ and this reduction at 35℃ was strong. Doubling time （DT） varied significantly with temperature. The shortest doubling time was obtained at 25℃. Mean generation time （T） decreased significantly with increasing temperature between 15℃ and 35℃. Percentage of immature ages in the stable age distribution was more than 95% at all temperatures. Female longevity was greater than male at all temperatures. Liriomyza sativae lived for a long time at 15℃, whereas at 35℃ had lower survival rates. The effect of temperature on reproduction, especially the intrinsic rate of increase of L. sativae would be useful for predicting its longterm population fluctuation over several generations.     

美洲斑潜蝇室内饲养研究

筛选了室内饲养美洲斑潜蝇的适宜寄主植物,进行了饲养密度及成虫补充营养糖的浓度试验。结果表明：初生菜豆PhaseolusvulgarisL.苗是室内饲养的适宜寄主植物,用该种植物饲养,幼虫饲养密度低于1头／cm2,则幼虫成活率大于90％,饲养密度提高,则幼虫成活率降低,每平方厘米初生叶饲养1头幼虫是适宜的饲养密度,成虫补充营养糖或蜜糖的浓度以8％为宜。     

Avermectin类农药对美洲斑潜蝇的生物活性

Avermectin类农药对美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyzasattvae Blanchard生物活性的室内研究结果表明： 揭阳霉素对美洲斑潜蝇1、2、3龄幼虫的LC₅₀分别是1.54×10^-4 g/L、3.73×10^-4 g/L、1.99×10^-3g/L;害极灭对上述幼虫的LC₅₀分别是1.48×10^-4g/L、3.68x10^-4 g/L和1.97×10^-3 g/L。美洲斑潜蝇幼虫对Avermectln类农药以1龄最敏感,其中揭阳霉素对3龄幼虫的LC₅₀是1龄的12.9倍。揭阳霉素对雌成虫24 h、48 h的LC₅₀分别是3.12×10^-3 g/L和2.08×10^-3 g/L,其对美 洲斑潜蝇取食、产卵拒避持效期分别是4-8天和10天。使用浓度0.005 g/L揭阳霉素处理6天、8天和10天后接虫,幼虫的存活率分别是0、16.13%和28.07%。田间使用浓度0.005 g/L的揭 阳霉素和0.0045 g/L几的害极灭分别处理,6天后的校正虫口减退率分别为91.0%和90.9%,两者差异不显著,而使用浓度0.0067 g/L揭阳霉素处理,6天后校正虫口减退率为93.6%。     

Role of plant volatiles in host plant location of the leafminer, Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Abstract The role of plant volatiles in host plant location of the leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard was studied. Four types of antennal sensilla were identified on the funiculus by scanning electron microscopy: trichoid, basiconic, clavate and grooved sensilla. An olfactory pit, containing groups of sensilla, was present on the ventral side of the funiculus. No sexual difference was detected in sensilla diversity and distribution. In behavioural assays, both males and females were attracted by the odour of the bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. They had distinct EAG responses to the bean odour. No significant sexual difference was found in behaviour or EAG responses.
Electroantennograms were recorded from female L. sativae to 14 plant volatile compounds. The most distinct EAG responses were obtained for: (1) the general green leaf volatiles 1-hexanol (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-3-hexen-1-ol and its isomers, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, the acetate (E)-3-hexenylacetate and the aldehyde hexanal; and (2) limonene, a compound associated with tomato, which is a key host plant of this insect. Other volatile compounds associated with host plants, such as α-pinene, myrcene, β-caryophyllene, and eugenol did not elicit responses. The ability of this insect to locate a host plant appears to be augmented by the perception of a combination of host-specific and general green leaf volatiles. A modification of the EAG recording method of Dipteran species was provided.     

美洲斑潜蝇在不同温度下的飞行能力

利用昆虫飞行磨测试了美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae在18℃到36℃条件下的飞行能力。结果表明：在33℃下美洲斑潜蝇的飞行能力最强,个体最大飞行距离、最高飞行速度和最长飞行时间分别为8.22 km、1.10 km/h和253.50 min,其平均飞行距离为0.95 km。其飞行的适温范围是21～36℃,18℃为其飞行的下限温度。从18～33℃,随着温度的升高平均飞行距离（0.08～0.95 km）和平均飞行时间(6.57～47.94 min)也在增加,但到36℃又开始下降;雌虫比雄虫飞行能力强。在理论上,美洲斑潜蝇能靠自身飞行扩散0.08～0.95 km。     

Host plant-related parasitism and host feeding activities of Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae, and Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Host plant species can affect the behavior and attributes of parasitoids, such as host searching, oviposition, and offspring fitness. In this study, parasitism, host feeding, and sex ratios of Diglyphus isaea (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) larvae reared on Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L., Solanum lycopersicum L., and Vicia faba L. were determined. In no-choice tests, L. huidobrensis had the highest rate of parasitism when reared on P. vulgaris (46%), L. sativae when reared on V. faba (59%) and P. vulgaris (59%), and L. trifolii when reared on S. lycopersicum (68%). Host feeding in no-choice tests ranged between 2% and 36% and was highest on L. trifolii reared on V. faba. Results of choice tests showed a significant interaction effect for host plant and Liriomyza species on parasitism and host feeding. Within plant mixtures, L. sativae reared on P. vulgaris had the highest rate of parasitism (31%), followed by L. trifolii on S. lycopersicum (29%) and L. huidobrensis on V. faba (28%). Host feeding was highest on L. trifolii reared on S. lycopersicum (14%) and lowest on L. huidobrensis reared on P. sativum and S. lycopersicum (1%). In some instances, plant mixtures resulted in a higher proportion of females of D. isaea than single plant species. The highest proportion of females was obtained in plant mixtures on L. huidobrensis and L. trifolii on V. faba (71 and 72%, respectively). This study suggests that planting crop mixtures can potentially lead to higher proportions of females, thus improving parasitism and host feeding, depending on Liriomyza and host plant species.     

三种寄主植物叶片提取物对美洲斑潜蝇雌成虫嗅觉记忆的影响

先提供气味刺激,再提供含不同寄主植物叶片提取物的蜜糖刺激,采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了3种寄主植物（丝瓜、番茄和菜豆）叶片表面非挥发性次生化合物刺激对美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae雌成虫嗅觉记忆的影响。结果表明：菜豆叶片沸水提取物能促进雌成虫对芳樟醇的嗅觉记忆,而丝瓜和番茄叶片沸水提取物则能提高雌成虫对正己烷的记忆能力。因此,不同寄主植物叶片提取物影响了美洲斑潜蝇雌成虫对不同气味的嗅觉记忆。     

Molecular evidence of cryptic species within the Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Phylogenetic relationships among populations of the polyphagous pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), were investigated using DNA sequence data. Maximum parsimony analysis of 941 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II genes showed that L. huidobrensis contains two well-defined monophyletic groups, one composed of specimens from California and Hawaii and one composed of specimens from South and Central America together with populations that have been recently introduced into other parts of the world. The differentiation between the two clades within L. huidobrensis is equivalent to that seen between other agromyzid species, suggesting that L. huidobrensis as currently defined contains two cryptic species. This finding is consistent with field observations of differences in pest status and insecticide resistance between L. huidobrensis populations. Until additional studies are complete, no changes in L. huidobrensis taxonomy are proposed. However, researchers and quarantine officials may wish to consider the findings of the current study in designing research, pest management, and quarantine programs for L. huidobrensis.