黄毛鼠内脏器官重量和含水量的测定

对黄毛鼠部分内脏器官的重量,相对重量（脏器指数）及含水量进行了测定。结果表明,心,肝,肺,肾脏的重量与体重存在正相关关系,相对重量与体重存在负相关关系;心,肺,肾脏相对重量存在年龄和性别差异,成年鼠的脾脏含水量高于未成年鼠。     

呼伦贝尔草原黄羊体况的初步评价

对呼伦贝尔草原地区黄羊肾脏重量和肾脏中心脂肪指数的变化进行了研究。初步评价了不同年龄－性别组黄羊以及不同季节黄羊体况的差异。发现：黄羊左肾重量大于右肾,不同年龄－性别组黄羊间肾重存在极显的差异（P＜0．01）,并且肾重与体重呈显的正相关性（P＜0．01）;黄羊肾重存在季节性差异,春季肾重大于秋、冬二季;KMFI值在不同的年龄－性别组间也呈明显的差异性（P＜0．01）,KMFI值亦与体重吴正相关性（P＜0．01）;不同的季节,黄羊KMFI值差异明显（P＜0．01）。黄羊秋季体况最好,而冬末春初则较差。     

四川荥经县赤腹松鼠体重及脏器湿重的性别与季节差异

以2015年1月至12月捕自四川荥经县的310只成体赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus,雄鼠174只,雌鼠136只)为研究对象,分析了其体重及7种内脏器官湿重的性别和季节差异,以及妊娠对内脏器官湿重的影响。1)雌、雄鼠的体重无性别和季节差异。2)心湿重雌、雄鼠差异显著,春季雄性大于雌性,夏季相反;肝、脾、肺和肾的湿重均无性别差异。3)肝湿重夏、冬季高于春、秋季;脾湿重秋季高于冬季和春季;肺湿重春季最高,夏季最低;肾湿重冬、春季高于夏季;心湿重雄鼠秋季高于夏、冬季,雌鼠夏、秋季高于冬季;睾丸和子宫湿重都在春季最高,秋季最低。4)妊娠鼠肝、肺和肾湿重均高于未妊娠鼠。结果表明,随着季节更替赤腹松鼠的体重维持稳定,雌、雄鼠心湿重差异显著,且器官湿重表现出了一定的弹性,这可能与雌、雄鼠的繁殖状态及季节性环境的多样性变化有关。     

洞庭湖区社鼠脏器重量的比较

对洞庭湖区社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)野外自然种群脏器的重量指标进行了测定,并比较了其在年龄组、性别、季节及生境间的差异。结果表明,社鼠内脏(心、肺、肝、脾、肾脏)随着年龄组的增加,重量有明显的增加,其重量与体重有极其显著的相关性。两性间的脏器重量指标没有显著性差异。脏器季节变化的共同特征是夏季脏器重量较低,四季间比较,仅有心脏重量有显著的季节变化。生境间心脏和肾脏重量的变化相对较大,达显著水平。参与繁殖与未参与繁殖的雌鼠相比,心、肺、肝、肾脏的各项指标均较高,脾脏则相反,但均未有显著性差异。总的来看,洞庭湖社鼠种群的脏器指标相对稳定,尽管重量指标随着年龄组而增加,受性别、季节、生境及繁殖行为的影响相对较小。     

延安人工林区小型兽类群落的季节动态

利用生物量、物种数、多样性指数、均匀度指数等变量, 对延安人工林区小型兽类群落的季节性变化进行了调查。选择生物量作为小型兽类的优势度指标, 分析了小型兽类优势度的季节性变化及在不同生境的表现。共捕获小型兽类9 种, 分属2 目3 科, 优势种为达乌尔鼠兔和中华鼢鼠甘肃亚种; 小型兽类群落4 种变量的季节变化与小型兽类种群生物量的季节变化关系密切; 延安人工林区小型兽类群落优势种的季节性决定着群落生物量的季节性, 普通种和稀有种的季节性决定着物种数和多样性的季节性; 延安人工林区9 种小型兽类存在不同的时空组合; 中华鼢鼠是唯一在各季节和所有生境中分布的种类; 夏、秋季刺槐人工林区、杂草灌丛区达乌尔鼠兔优势度极高。     

高寒草甸3种啮齿动物内脏器官及相关性比较

内脏器官是动物生理功能的基础,脏器质量及脏器指数能反映出动物对环境的适应。为进一步了解高原动物对各自生存环境的适应对策,本研究比较了高寒草甸3种啮齿动物脏器指数及脏器质量与体质量的相关性。结果显示:高原鼠兔的心脏、肝脏指数低于高原鼢鼠和根田鼠,根田鼠的脾脏、肺脏和肾脏指数高于高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔,高原鼠兔的肾脏指数高于高原鼢鼠;3种动物肝脏均与体质量呈显著正相关关系,高原鼠兔和根田鼠的肾脏与体质量显著正相关,根田鼠心脏与体质量呈显著正相关关系。结果表明,不同物种脏器指数及器官与体质量的相关性差异可能是物种对物质环境、能量环境、生物个体大小、外界病原体、能量代谢需求等多方面综合因素进化适应的结果。     

长爪沙鼠脏器重量和肠道长度的季节性变化

小哺乳动物内脏器官的重量和消化道的长度具有可塑性,与其所处的环境密切相关.为进一步了解长爪沙鼠对季节性环境的适应,比较了活捕于内蒙古太仆寺旗的长爪沙鼠的体重、内脏器官的重量及肠道各段长度的性别和季节变化.结果显示:除体重和体长雄鼠高于雌鼠,肝脏的湿重低于雌鼠外,其他指标均未检测到性别差异.雌雄鼠的体重和心脏的湿重都在冬季最高,夏季最低;雄鼠肝脏的湿重夏季最高,春季和冬季最低,雌鼠无季节性变化.睾丸的湿重在春季最高.盲肠和小肠的湿重秋季高于春季,胃和大肠的湿重无季节性差异.小肠的长度冬季最长,夏季最短;盲肠春季最短,大肠春季最长,夏季最短.体重、心脏、消化器官和其他内脏器官的重量,以及消化器官长度的可塑性变化等对于长爪沙鼠适应环境具有重要的意义.     

布氏田鼠肝毛细线虫感染率与其体重的关系

2005年5月和8月,在内蒙古锡林郭勒北部典型草原调查了肝毛细线虫对布氏田鼠种群的感染特征,分析肝毛细线虫对布氏田鼠的感染率与其性别、年龄、体重及种群密度的关系。结果表明:肝毛细线虫对布氏田鼠感染率没有性别差异,雄鼠与雌鼠的感染率相当;但是与布氏田鼠体重/年龄密切相关:幼鼠的感染率较低,成鼠感染率较高,感染率和平均感染度均随着个体年龄的增长而增高。布氏田鼠达到一定的年龄(或体重)后才可感染肝毛细线虫病,其最低感染体重为24.3 g。布氏田鼠的种群密度对肝毛细线虫的感染率和平均感染度没有明显的影响,但同一样地不同季节感染率不同,本次调查显示,2005年5月份感染率高于8月份群体感染率,同一样地的春季感染率与秋季感染率之间呈现出显著的正相关。     

横断山区大绒鼠体重和身体能值的季节变化

为研究栖息于横断山地区的大绒鼠(Eothenomys miletus)身体状况与环境之间的适应关系,本实验对野外、实验室饲养及冷驯化条件下大绒鼠的体重和身体能值进行了测定.结果表明,大绒鼠体重及身体能值存在季节性变化,大绒鼠体重及身体能值的平均值3月最低,6月最高,9月次之,11月开始下降.冷驯化条件下大绒鼠的体重和身体能值均显著低于实验室饲养条件下的,说明在季节变化过程中温度可能是影响其体重和身体能值的一个重要因素.大绒鼠的体重和身体能值的季节变化模式与横断山区的特殊生存环境有关,在一定程度上反映了该物种对横断山特殊环境的生存适应对策.     

东方田鼠头骨和脏器的形态学指标

对实验室封闭群第7、8代东方田鼠（Microtus fortis calamorum)头骨和脏器的形态学指标进行了测量,并探讨了各指标在雌雄间、年龄组间的差异及其与体重的关系。结果表明,头骨大小在亚成年雌雄鼠间无显著差异,成年雄鼠显著大于成年雌鼠;脏器绝对和相对指标雌雄鼠间差异不显著。头骨指标、脏器绝对指标成年鼠显著长于或大于亚成年鼠,肝、肾脏、睾丸相对重量以及盲肠、大小肠相对长度在年龄组间差异显著。头骨和脏器指标（Y）与体重（X）的关系为Y＝aX^b,头骨形态指标、脏器绝对重量或长度与体重正相关,脏器相对重量或长度除睾丸与体重正相关外其余均与体重负相关。     

灰仓鼠重要内脏器官生长指数及其变化

对室内培育的灰仓鼠进行同一季节不同年龄段和同一年龄段不同季节某些器官的测量。结果显示, 在初生至25 d 的高速生长期, 体重与肝脏、心脏、肺、脾脏和肾的生长非常接近Huxley 的相对生长公式Y = b x^k , 其回归方程分别为: 肝脏Y = 0.013 47 x^{1.515 9} ; 心脏Y = 0.000 18 x^2.163 ; 肺Y = 0.028 48 x^{0.798 2} ; 脾脏Y = 0.000 24 x^{1.583 6} ; 肾脏Y = 0.000 2418 x^{2.310 4} , 并高度相关。睾丸的回归方程在60 日内与Y = b x^k公式非常拟合, Y = 0.000 0108 x^{3.049 4} , r = 0.989 9。除性腺外, 肝脏、心脏、肺、脾脏和肾脏的比值最高值均在25 d 之前。在性成熟期不同年龄段, 性腺比值较稳定, 其它器官比值在性别和年龄段有显著性差异, 雌性普遍高于雄性。在10 月龄不同季节, 只有体重和睾丸比值有显著性差异(7 月最高) , 表示在不同季节利用相近体重比较器官指数差异应将年龄因素作为重要参考依据。     

The relationship between organ weights and body weights, facial dimensions, and dental dimensions in a population of olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis)

Questions concerned with the relationship between organ weights and body weight on an intraspecific level are best answered by using a sample of animals collected in the wild from a single locale during a single season. The organ weights and body weights for this study were obtained from the necropsy reports prepared in the field (Athi Plain, Kenya) by H. C. McGill, Jr. on 36 adult animals (18 males and 18 females). Dental and facial measurements were taken by M.I. Siegel. In order to avoid erroneous results produced by statistical treatment of combined sex samples of sexually dimorphic species, data on the sexes were analyzed separately. Means and standard deviations are reported for selected organ weights and body dimensions (heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, brain, and pancreas weights, crown–rump length, crown–heel length, head circumference, chest circumference, and body weight). All of the above measures were significantly (p<0.05) different between the sexes. Logarithms of these measures were significantly correlated with the logarithm of body weight in males for heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and adrenal weights, crown–heel length, and head and chest circumference, and in females for crown–heel length, heart, liver, and kidney weights. Partial correlational analysis, removing the effects of body size (weight), showed mostly negative correlational relationships between dental and visceral dimensions. Most of the correlations between facial and visceral dimensions were negative. Allometric equations were calculated for the dental, facial, and visceral dimensions versus body weight, and are compared with prior published results.     

Maturing patterns of organ weights in mice selected for rapid postweaning gain

Summary Correlated responses to selection for increased 3–6 week postweaning gain in male mice were estimated for seven internal organs (testes, spleen, liver, kidneys, heart, small intestine (S intest) and stomach) weighed at specific degrees of maturity in body weight (37.5, 50.0, 62.5, 75.0, 87.5 and 100%). Correlated responses in organ weights were generally large, but the magnitude and direction of response depended upon whether 1) comparisons were made at the same age, degree of maturity or body weight and 2) absolute or proportional organ weights were used. The selected line (M16) weighed more and had larger organ weights than controls (ICR) when compared at either the same degree of maturity or the same age, indicating positive genetic correlations between body weight and the respective organ weights. Positive correlated responses were found in spleen weight/body weight at all degrees of maturity and in liver and S intest weights as a proportion of body weight at some degrees of maturity. Testes, kidneys, heart and stomach weights as a proportion of body weight had negative correlated responses, though this was consistent only for kidneys across all degrees of maturity. Correlated responses in organ weights adjusted for body weight by covariance analysis were positive for spleen, S intest and stomach and negative for testes and kidneys. Based on the constrained quadratic model, degree of maturity in organ weight relative to degree of maturity in body weight responded positively for testes, kidneys and S intest and negatively for spleen and liver. Selection for increased growth caused negative correlated responses in allometric growth of testes, kidneys, S intest and stomach.Paper No. 10,545 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, 27695-7601. The use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service of the products named, nor criticism of similar ones not mentioned     

Fmr1基因敲除小鼠脏器重量和脏器系数的比较分析

目的通过对Fmr1基因敲除小鼠雌雄两性和FVB小鼠的脏器重量和脏器系数进行比较分析,了解其脏器重量的差异,探讨Fmr1基因对动物生长发育等方面的影响。方法分别测定Fmr1基因敲除小鼠雌雄两性和FVB小鼠内脏器官的绝对重量和脏器系数,并进行统计学处理和分析。结果相同年龄的Fmr1基因敲除小鼠雄性的体重、心、肺、肝和肾的绝对重量均极显著的大于雌性（P〈0.01）。雌雄间脏器系数除肾脏（P〈0.05）和脑（P〈0.01）外,其余无显著差异。与FVB小鼠比较,Fmr1基因敲除小鼠心脏较轻（P〈0.01）,肾脏（P〈0.01）、体重和脑较重（P〈0.05）。脏器系数肾脏较大（P〈0.01）,心脏（P〈0.01）、脑和脾（P〈0.05）较小。结论Fmr1基因可影响动物的某些脏器重量和脏器系数。     

SD大鼠主要脏器间的相关性分析

目的测定成年SD大鼠体重与各脏器重量,并对不同脏器之间及体重与各脏器重量的相关性进行分析。方法选用三月龄SD大鼠雄性共24只,进行人道处死,解剖后分别测定心、肝、肺、肾等脏器重量,并作相关性分析。结果 SD大鼠的心、肝、肺、脾、肾与胃空体的相关性分析中,SD大鼠的心脏及肝脏重量之间不相关(P>0.05),且分别与其他各脏器及胃空体之间也无明显相关(P>0.05);而脾脏的重量与肾脏重量之间则相关极为显著(P<0.01);胃空体与肺、脾呈现极显著相关(P<0.01),与肾脏呈显著相关(P<0.05)。结论通过解剖比较SD大鼠各脏器之间的关系,对动物体内各脏器的大小及相互关系有了初步的认知,为今后进行的动物相关实验研究打下基础。     

The development of the lymphoid organs of flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from hatching to 13 months

The growth of the lymphoid organs, such as head kidney, spleen and thymus were studied in flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus Temminck & Schlegel, from hatching to 13 months of age. Except for the thymus, all organs grew as the fish grew. By 2 months of age the lymphoid organs attained their maximum relative weight. The organ weight showed a closer correlation to body weight than they did to age. The total number of leucocytes in the lymphoid organs increased with age, but the number per milligram of lymphoid organ remained constant. A micro and ultrastructural study of the lymphoid organs showed that the full development of the lymphoid organs was not achieved until the juvenile stage. The spleen and head kidney had mixed populations of "red" and "white" cells. The head kidney was more lymphoid than the spleen. The thymus involuted quickly during the first 6 months. The blood components had no obvious relationship with age or season during the period studied.     

Organ weights and organ:body weight ratios of the African white-tailed rat (Mystromys albicaudatus).

Fifty-three adult female and 51 adult male white-tailed rats (Mystromys albicaudatus) were killed with ether and weighed; the spleen, kidneys, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, brain and gonads were dissected free of adhering tissue and weighted. The mean absolute organ weight and organ:body weight ratios by sex and organ were calculated and compared. The male rats were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) heavier. The mean weight of the males was 110.0 +/- 23.8 g versus 82.9 +/- 16.1 g for the females. The absolute weights of the heart, liver and kidneys were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) greater for the males. The organ:body weight ratios, except for heart and brain (excluding ovary and testicle), were unaffected by sex. The heart to body weight ratio and the brain to body weight ratio were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) larger in female rats.