OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS PSAMMINA,INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW ALGICOLOUS AND LICHENICOLOUS SPECIES

Psammina inflata Earland-Bennett & D. Hawksw. and P. simplex Earland-Bennett & D. Hawksw. are described as new species from coccoid green algae and crustose or leprose lichens in lowland Britain. Additional records and hosts for P. stipitata are reported, and a key to the four species now known in the British Isles is presented. Psammina simplex is the more strongly pathogenic of the species, eventually destroying its hosts. The discovery of these new species adds weight to the view that the genus is more appropriately regarded as a hyphomycete rather than an acervular coelomycete. The size, shape and septation dimensions of the conidial arms were found to be the most reliable characters for species separations in the genus. Pycnopsammina lobariae Diederich & Etayo is also cited from the British Isles for the first time.     

云南省可培养丝孢真菌资源的调查研究(Ⅳ)

本文报道裸胞壳属和新萨托菌属的如下8个种：四脊裸胞壳、褶皱裸胞壳、费希新萨托菌、光滑新萨托菌、刺孢新萨托菌、宽脊新萨托菌、浅黄新萨托菌和四绕新萨托菌。其中,后面的3个种是我国的新记录种,并有详细的描述、线条图和子囊孢子的扫描照片。     

Occurrence and chemical diversity of the genus Bryoria in the Sučí Potok Valley, Veporské Vrchy Mountains (Central Slovakia)

Four species of the genus, Bryoria were found in the Sučí Potok Valley: B. capilaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., B. fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., B. implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., B. nadvornikiana (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. The most common species in the valley was B. implexa. Four chemotypes of this lichen were recognized.     

A systematic study of Phytalmia (Diptera, Tephritidae) with description of a new genus

The tribe Phytalmiini is defined to include the genera Phytalmia Gerstaecker, Diplochorda Osten Sacken (=Nesadrama Perkins syn.n.) and Sessilina gen.n. (type-species Dacus nigrilinea Walker), with Ortaloptera Edwards as an outlying member; a key is provided to these genera. The tribe is nearly restricted to the Papuan Subregion; the record of Nesadrama petiolata Hardy from the Philippine Islands is questioned, and this species is synonymized with Diplochorda myrmex Osten Sacken syn.n. Nesadrama longistigma Perkins is a synonym of D.turgida (Walker) syn.n. Keys are provided to the six species of Phytalmia: alcicornis (Saunders), antilocapra sp.n., biarmata Malloch, cervicornis Gerstaecker (=prisca Enderlein syn.n.), megalotis Gerstaecker (= wallacei Saunders syn.n.), mouldsi sp.n.; also the three species of Sessilina, horrida sp.n., literata sp.n., nigrilinea (Walker). The enlarged cheek-processes may be greatly reduced in P.biarmata and cervicornis. The morphology of the internal reproduction system of mouldsi females is described.     

Notes on Thysanoptera found on flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) in the British Isles

The following eighteen species of Thysanoptera Terebrantia have been found on flax in the British Isles: Melanthrips fuscus (Sulzer), Aeolothrips fasciatus (L.), Anaphothrips obscurus (Müler), Aptinothrips rufus (Gmelin), Chirothrips manicatus Hal., Limothrips cerealium Hal., L. denticornis Hal., Stenothrips graminum Uzel, Taeniothrips atratus (Hal.), T. vulgatissimus (Hal.), Thrips angusticeps Uzel, T. discolor Hal., T. flavus Schrank, T. fuscipennis Hal., T. major Uzel, T. minutissimus L., T. physapus L., T. tabaci Lindeman. Each species is described briefly with notes on habits of adults and larvae, place of pupation, number of generations in the year, hibernation, time of occurrence on plants, plants and objects on which found, host plants of larvae and adults, importance to flax, record of locality and collector on flax, distribution, including altitudes, in the British Isles. More species occur in the south than in the north of Great Britain, and species common to both regions usually occur in greater numbers in the south. The insects breed on certain species of crop plants, weeds or trees of arable land. No damage of economic importance to flax by Thysanoptera has been proven in the British Isles, and the flax thrips, Thrips lini Ladureau, has not been found. Taeniothrips vulgatissimus (Hal.) may breed on flax and its adults, and those of T. atratus (Hal.) may cause superficial damage to petals of flowers. Thrips angusticeps Uzel and T. tabaci Lindeman will probably breed on flax.     

Astrosphaeriella Sydow, a misunderstood genus of melanommataceous pyrenomycetes

The genus Astrosphaeriella Sydow has been regarded as a synonym of Microthelia Körber in recent surveys of bitunicate pyrenomycetes. The structure of the ascomata and the presence of trabeculate pseudoparaphyses show that it belongs to the series of melanommataceous pyrenomycetes and is unrelated to the pleosporaceous taxa commonly referred to Microthelia. All taxa which have been referred to Astrosphaeriella, Astrotheca , or Asterotheca are revised and four species accepted: A. aosimensis Hino & Katumoto, A. stellata (Pat.) Sacc., A. trochus (Penzig & Sacc.) D. Hawksw. and A. venezuelensis Barr & D. Hawksw. As circumscribed here, the genus is exclusively tropical, comprising species characteristically occurring on petioles of palms and bamboo culms. Notes on excluded taxa are provided and the new combination Mycomicrothelia inaequalis (Fabre) D. Hawksw. is made.     

几种具纤毛分生孢子的腔孢菌

本文报道了河北省具纤毛(setulae)分生孢子的腔孢菌(Coelomycetes)5种,它们隶属于多毛孢属(Polynema Lev.),星毛孢属(Stauronema H.Sydow,Sydow ＆Butler),刺杯毛孢属(Dinemasporium Lev.)和双毛壳孢属(Discosia Lib.)。其中多毛孢属和星毛孢属系国内新记录属。记载了一新种中国多毛孢(Polynema sinense w.-P.Wu)和一中国新记录种甘蔗星毛孢(Stauronema sacchari H.Sydow,Sydow ＆Butler)。在刺杯毛孢属和双毛壳孢属内共鉴定出3个种,它们是槭刺杯毛孢(Dinemasporium acerinum Peck),刚毛刺杯毛孢(Dinemasporium strigosum(Pets.:Ft.)Sate.)和双毛壳孢(Discosia artocreas(Tode:Fr。)Ff.)。文中对这些种进行了详细描述,新种有拉丁文描述。研究标本保藏于河北省科学院生物研究所。     

Revision of the Australian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Part 3. Tribe Sukunahikonini

Abstract  The Australian members of the circumtropical coccinellid tribe Sukunahikonini are revised and placed in three genera: Scymnomorphus Weise (five species), Pharellus Sicard (two species) and Paraphellus Chazeau (two species). Scymnus rostratus Lea, 1929 is transferred to Paraphellus as P. rostratus (Lea) comb. n. The following new species are described from Australia: Pharellus glabratus sp. n., P. popei sp. n.; Paraphellus magnopunctatus sp. n.; Scymnomorphus fulvus sp. n., S. hirtus sp. n., S. ker sp. n., S. luteus sp. n., S. storeyi sp. n. Nomenclatural history, diagnoses and distribution are provided for each species. Keys to the genera and species are included.     

Economic importance of black tree lichen (Bryoria fremontii) to the Indians of western North America

Bryoria fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. (syn.Alectoria fremontii Tuck.) was an important source of food for the interior Indian peoples of western North America from northern British Columbia to northern California. It and related species were also used as materials for clothing and medicine and are known to appear in native mythical traditions. The extent of the use of this lichen and the means of its collection and preparation are detailed in this paper.     

The parasite fauna of the fish of the Shropshire Union Canal, Cheshire

A survey was made of the parasites of 603 roach Rutilus rutilus (L.), 15 bream Abramis brama (L.), 201 perch Perca fluviatilis L., 30 pike Esox lucius L. and four eels Anguilla anguilla (L.) caught in the Shropshire Union Canal at Backford, Cheshire from December 1964 to August 1966. Twenty-seven species of parasites were found, 17 in roach, seven in bream, ten in perch, ten in pike and two in the eel. Two species of Protozoa, seven species of Monogenea, five species of Digenea, six species of Cestoda, two species of Nematoda, one species of Acanthocephala, two species of Hirudinea, one species of Crustacea and mollusc glochidia were recorded. The following parasites are believed to be new records for the British Isles: Henneguya oviperda (Cohn, 1895), Dactylogyrus suecicus Nybelin, 1936, D. wunderi Bykhovskii, 1931, Asymphylodora kubanicum (Isaichikov, 1923), and Philometra rischta Skryabin, 1917.
One table shows the species of parasites found, together with data on the site of occurrence in the host, and the percentage and intensity of infection of the fish. A second table compares the occurrence of the parasites in four other localities in the British Isles, Loch Lomond Scotland, Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake), Merionethshire, Rostherne Mere, Cheshire and the River Lugg, Herefordshire. A further column gives the normal hosts in the U.S.S.R.
A limited comparison is made of the numerical occurrence of six species of parasites in the canal, Llyn Tegid and Druzno Lake, Poland. It is concluded that unless relatively large samples of fish of all length groups are collected on a regular basis throughout the year such comparisons will have little meaning.
The concept of the characterization of parasite faunas is briefly noted. It is suggested that the high degree of host specificity shown by many of the species of parasites is evidence in support of the concept.     

A new taxonomic treatment of the Festuca ovina L. aggregate (Poaceae) in the British Isles

A new taxonomic treatment of the Festuca ovina L. aggregate (Poaceae) in the British Isles. A wide range of morphological, anatomical and cytological characters was collected and analysed by a variety of methods, some taxometric. As a result nine species are recognized in the British Isles, one (F. glauca Vill.) only as a garden plant and two (F. huonii Auquier and F. armoricana Kerguélen) only in the Channel Isles. Two other species sometimes claimed for the British Isles (F. guestfalica Boenn. ex Reichb. and F. indigesta Boiss.) are excluded for various reasons given. One species (F. ovina L.) is divided into three subspecies: the diploid subsp. ovina (commonest in the north); and the tetraploid subsp. hirtula (Hackel ex Travis) M. Wilkinson (the commonest taxon of the aggregate in the British Isles) and subsp. ophioliticola (Kerguélen) M. Wilkinson (scattered throughout the British Isles, but commonest on chalk and limestone and not restricted to serpentine soils as once thought).     

中国缟蝇亚科双鬃缟蝇属分类研究(双翅目,缟蝇科)(英文)

介绍了分布于我国的双鬃缟蝇属17种,包括2新种和4新纪录种,即Sapromyza (Notiosapromyza) ainanensis sp.nov.,Sapromyza (Sapromyza) ventistriata sp.nov.,S.(N.) longimentula Sasakawa,2001,S.(S.)annulifera M alloch,1929,S.(S.) sexmaculata Sasakawa,2001,S.(S.) septemnotata asakawa,2001,并编制了分种检索表。     

Besprechung

Abstract

Klinkowski, M.; Mühle, E.; Reinmuth, E.; Bochow, H.; Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz 2. Auflage, 820 S., 1. Band, 231 Abb., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1973. Reviewed by D. Spaar.

Israilskij, V. P. (Ed.): Rukovodstvo dlja izu?enia bakterialnych boleznei rastenij 3. Aufl. 343 S., 12 Abb., 12 Tab. Moskau: Kolos 1968. Reviewed by D. Spaar.

Vrånceanu, A. V.: Floarea-Soarelui 322 S., 80 Abb. Bucuresti: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste, Romania 1974. Reviewed by R. Fritzsche.

Birger, M. O.: Spravo?nik po mikrobiologiěeskim i virusologiěeskim metodam issledovanija. 2. Aufl. 456 S., 6 Abb., 82 Tab. Moskau: Medizin 1973. Reviewed by W. Ficke.

Verderevskaja, T.D.; Lemanova, N.B.; Abramenko, N. M. (Herausgeber): Virusnye bolesni plodovo-jagodnych kultur i vinograda v Moldavii. Band I, 180 S., 9 Abb., Ki?inev: Kartja moldovenjaské 1973. Reviewed by H. Kegler.

Verderevskaja, T. D.; Lemanova, N. B.; Abramenko, N. M. (Herausgeber): Virusnye bolezni plodovo-jagodnych kultur i vinograda v Moldavii. Band II, 144 S., 7 Abb. Ki?inev: Kartja moldovenjaské 1973. Reviewed by H. Kleinhempel.

Wyniger, R.: Insektenzucht. 368 S., 497 Abb. Stuttgart: Eugen Ulmer 1974. Reviewed by W. Lehmann.

Buchanan, R.E.; Gibbons, N. E. (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 8. Aufl., 1268 S., zahlr. Abb. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1975. Reviewed by H. Kleinhempel.     

嗜热子囊菌两个中国新记录种

对采自云南的标本进行研究,描述了两种嗜热子囊菌中国新记录种,分别是太瑞斯梭孢壳霉[Thielavia terrestris (Apinis) Malloch & Cain]和丝衣霉状篮状菌[Talaromyces byssochlamydioides Stolk & Samson],附插图。研究标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

中国野青茅属(禾本科)一些种类的修订

在标本室研究和野外考察的基础上,对中国野青茅属的一些种类进行了修订。首次归并了5个类群,即将Deyeuxia pulchella var． laxa P．C．Kuo et S．L. Lu,D．gyirongensis P．C. Kuo et S．L．Lu,Calamagrostis megalantha Keng ex Keng f.并入 D. pulchella (Griseb.)Hook．f.作为异名;将D．venusta Keng,Calamagrostis longiflora Keng ex Keng f．并入D.flavens Keng作为异名;并确认D. compacta Munro ex Hook．f.与D.holciformis (Jaub．et Spach．)Bor是同一种。     

A STUDY OF THE VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS OF THREE SPECIES OF THE GENUS GELASINOSPORA

Hackbarth , R. D., and R. P. Collins . (U. Connecticut, Storrs.) A study of the vitamin requirements of three species of the genus Gelasinospora. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(7): 603–606. Illus. 1961.—The vitamin requirements of 3 species of Gelasinospora (G. tetrasperma, G. retispora, G. cerealis) were determined. Various combinations of the 10 vitamins used in the study were tried and biotin was found to be the factor limiting growth.     

Dünnschichtchromatographische Bestimmung der Rückstände des Herbicids Leuna MECK im Boden

Abstract

Wetzel, TH. (Edit.): Symposium mit internationaler Beteiligung zur Schaderregerüberwachung in der industriemäßigen Getreideproduktion. 510 S., Teil I bis III, 134 Abb. Halle: 1975. Reviewed by G. Lutze.

O. V.: Pflanzenschutzmittel-Verzeichnis 1974/1975. 1. Aufl. 121 S. Berlin: VEB Dt. Landwirtschaftsverlag 1975. Reviewed by W. Tarnow.

Schumakov, E. M.; Gussev, G. W.; Fedorintschik, N. S. (Edit.): Biologi?eskie sredstva za??ita rastenij. 25000 Aufl. 408 S., 1. Band, 24 Abb. Moskau: Kolos 1974. Reviewed by Th. Wetzel.

Clifton, C. E. (Edit.): Annual Review of Microbiology. 771 S., 25. Band, zahlreiche Abb. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews Inc. 1971. Reviewed by K. Naumann.

Voronkevi?, I. V.: Vy?ivaemost' fitopatogennych Bakterij v Prirode. 268 S., 16 Abb., 41 Tab., Moskau 1974: Nauka. Reviewed by W. Ficke.

Bel'tjukova, K. I.; Koroleva, I. B.; Muras, V. A.: Bakterial'nye bolezni zernobobovych kultur. 339 S., 57 Abb., 49 Tab. Kiev 1974: Naukova Dumka. Reviewed by W. Ficke.

Pospelov, S. M.; Arsen'eva, M. V.; Grusdev, G. S.: Za??ita rastenij. 487 S. Leningrad 1973: Kolos. Reviewed by W. Ficke.

Noordam, D.: Identification of plant viruses. Methods and experiments. 1. Auflage, 218 S., 134 Abb. Wageningen 1973: Centre for agricultural publishing and documentation. Reviewed by D. Spaar.     

新疆北部小孢发属地衣初步研究

新疆北部山脉生态环境多样,是地衣生长分布的理想区域。作者根据多年的实地调查和前人研究资料,对新疆北部小孢发属（Bryoria Brodo＆D．Hawksw．）地衣的种类及其分布、地理成分和垂直分布进行了初步研究。结果表明,分布在新疆北部的小孢发属地衣共有10种,它们分别是钢灰小孢发B．chalybeiformis（L．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、刺小孢发B．cortfusa（D．D．Awasthi）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、叉小孢发B．furcellata（Fr．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、暗褐小孢发B．知伽cem（Gyeln．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、绵毛小孢发B．1anestris（Ach．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、B．nadvornikiana（Gyeln．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、光亮小孢发B．nhidula（1’h．Fr．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、假暗褐小孢发B．pseudofuscescens（Gyeln．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、单一小孢发B．simplicior（Vain．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．及毛状小孢发原亚种B．trichodesssp．trichodes（Michx．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．等,主要分布在天山和阿勒泰山。新疆北部小孢发属地衣可划分为3种地理成分：（1）环北极-高山种Bryonachalybeiformis、鼠nhidula、且furcellata;（2）环低北极及北方种B．simplicior;（3）环北方种B．加唧cew、B．1anestris、B．nadvornikiana、B．pseudofuscescens。阿勒泰山和天山的小孢发属地衣具明显的垂直分布差异。     

水玉霉(Pilobolus)属的种的重新划分

我们在过去的工作中承认水玉霉(Pilobolus)属的9个种(郑、胡,见戴,1979)。近年来我们重新分离得到了这些分类群并对它们进行了再研究。研究结果表明,尽管它们是彼此可以互相区分的分类群,但是,包括我们过去的概念在内,目前被普遍接受的用于这个属的分类的种概念太小.为了与整个毛霉目的其它属的分类系统相一致,我们把这9个分类群重新划分为由9个变种组成的5个种:晶澈水玉霉原变种[Pilobolus crystallinu (Wigg.) Tode var. crystallinus],晶澈水玉霉透孢变种新组合[P. crystallinus var.hyalosporus (Boedijn) Hu &Zheng, comb. nov.],晶澈水玉霉克莱因变种新组合[P. crystallinus var.kleinii (van Tieghem) Zheng &G.-q. Chen, comb. nov.],豆状水玉霉原变种(P. lentiger Corda var. lentiger),豆状水玉霉小型变种新组合[P. lentiger var. minutus (Speg.) Zheng &G.-q. Chen, comb. nov.],长型水玉霉(P. longipes van Tieghem),厚壁水玉霉(P. Oedipus Mont.),露水玉霉原变种[P. roridus (Bolt.) Pers. var. roridus],露水玉霉突囊变种新组合[P. roridus var. umbonatus (Butler) Hu &Zheng, comb. nov.]。水玉霉属先后报道过的种或种下分类群名称共计50个左右,其中一些异名往往被不同的作者归到不同的正名下面。为了解决它们的正确归属问题,我们对全部原始描述作了细致的文献考证然后决定其位置。对那些找不到原始描述或从原始描述中得不出结论的则作为可疑名称处理。可疑名称共计12个:Mucor obliquus Scop., M. urceolatus Dicks.;Pilobolus urceolatus Purt., P. pestis-bovinae Hallier(=P. hallierii Rivolta), P. nanus van Tieghem, P. intermedius, (Coem.) P. A. Karsten(=P. Oedipus Mont. var,intermedius Coem.), P. pullus Massee, P.proliferens McVickar, P. ramosus McVickar, P. simplex McVickar, P. lentiger forma leinii Reyn. &Laysa, P. lentiger forma minutus Reyn. &Laysa.     

Somatic antigens of pseudomonads: structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of Pseudomonas fluorescens IMV 2366 (biovar C)

The O-specific polysaccharide of P. fluorescens IMV 2366 was studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including 2D gsCOSY, TOCSY, gsNOESY, H-detected 1H,(13)C gsHSQC, HMQC-TOCSY, and gsHMBC experiments. The polysaccharide contains L-rhamnose, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-galactose (D-FucNAc) and 3-acylamido-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (D-Qui3NAcyl, where Acyl is 3-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-5-oxoprolyl). The structure 1 of the polysaccharide was found to be similar to the structure 2 of a 6-deoxy-L-talose (L-6dTal)-containing O-specific polysaccharide of a non-classified P. fluorescens strain, 361, studied earlier [Khomenko, V. A.; Naberezhnykh, G. A.; Isakov, V. V.; Solov'eva, T. F.; Ovodov, Y. S.; Knirel, Y. A.; Vinogradov, E. V. Bioorg. Khim. 1986, 12, 1641-1648; Naberezhnykh, G. A.; Khomenko, V. A.; Isakov, V. V., El'kin, Y. N.; Solov'eva, T. F.; Ovodov, Y. S. Bioorg. Khim. 1987, 13, 1428-1429]. --> 2)-beta-D-Quip3NAcyl-(1 --> 3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1 --> 3)-alpha-D-FucpNAc-(1 --> 1. --> 4)-beta-D-Quip3NAcyl-(1 --> 3)-alpha-L-6dTalp4Ac-(1 --> 3)-alpha-D-FucpNAc-(1 -->2.