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1.
Regeneration and development of shoots from sunflower cotyledons were improved by optimizing explant age, plant growth regulator
concentrations, and duration of exposure to plant growth regulators during shoot initiation, development and rooting. Shoot
initiation required only a brief exposure to auxin and cytokinin, and minimizing the duration of exposure to high levels of
plant growth regulators improved shoot development. Rooting was improved in terms of both the number of shoots that rooted
and the time required for rooting by incorporating activated charcoal in the lower layer of a 2-layer rooting medium.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Barry Goldfarb Glenn T. Howe Libby M. Bailey Steven H. Strauss Joe B. Zaerr 《Plant cell reports》1991,10(3):156-160
Summary The effects of high-concentration, 2-h liquid pulses of N6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TD) on adventitious bud and shoot formation were tested in cotyledons of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Seedling age proved important; on average, cotyledons from the youngest seedlings formed 10-fold more buds than cotyledons from the oldest seedlings. Optimal cytokinin concentrations for the youngest cotyledons were 400 and 800 M BA, and 100 and 200 M TD. Shoots developed best from buds induced with 300, 400, and 800 M BA. Four gelling agents were tested; BRL agarose yielded more than three times the number of buds, and Gelrite nearly twice the number of buds, as either Sigma agar or Difco Bacto-Agar. One of the best treatments (400 M BA, agarose) yielded more cotyledons with buds, and more buds per cotyledon, than when cytokinins were incorporated into the growth medium.Abbreviations BA
N6-benzylaminopurine
- TD
thidiazuron
- SH
Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972)
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
Paper 2691 of the Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the authors or Oregon State University. 相似文献
3.
Asaph Ahroni Amir Zuker Yael Rozen Hadas Shejtman Alexander Vainstein 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,49(2):101-106
An efficient adventitious shoot regeneration procedure was developed for Gypsophila paniculata L. Using cultivar Arbel, shoot
regeneration from the three upper internodes of the stem was monitored on MS media supplemented with different cytokinins
(thidiazuron, benzyladenine, kinetin or zeatin) and an auxin (naphthaleneacetic acid). Thidiazuron was found to be the most
efficient cytokinin, with up to 100% of the explants forming shoots, at an average of up to 19 shoots per explant being regenerated.
The highest percentage of shoot formation was observed in the stem explants originating from the first internode, with all
cytokinins tested. The adventitious origin of shoots regenerated from stem explants was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.
The regeneration procedure was found to be applicable to five other gypsophila cultivars (Perfecta, Golan, Gilboa, Flamingo
and Tavor). Regenerating plants were successfully transferred to soil, and did not differ in flower color, size or shape from
standard vegetatively propagated plants derived from cuttings.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Summary Adventitious shoots were induced on the proximal portion of leaves excised from Fagus orientalis shoot cultures derived from a 2-mo.-old or a 4-yr-old seedling. Up to 90% of the explants formed between 13 and 19 buds after
culture on Woody Plant Medium containing 2.9 μM indole-3-acetic acid and 4.5 μM thidiazuron. Adventitious buds developed mostly on petiole stub callus, but also on the midvein. The histological events
leading to shoot organogenesis were examined. Some shoots developed directly from subepidermis or epidermis, but most originated
indirectly from cell file proliferation produced by periclinally dividing cells subadjacent to the epidermis. Some cells in
the outermost layers of these files became meristematic and divided extensively, resulting in the formation of meristemoids
after 16 d of culture. Dedifferentiation into meristematic cells, which exhibited a large, prominent nucleus, densely-stained
cytoplasm, and a high nucleus-to-cell area ratio, was generally associated with anticlinal divisions in cells previously originated
by periclinal division. Subepidermal cell proliferation occurred mainly in the abaxial surface of the explant, which initially
formed a diffuse cambium and later evolved to a phellogenic cambium. Some meristemoids were also differentiated by lenticel
phellogen. Organized cell divisions in meristemoids gave rise to bud primordia that emerged from the explant surface and differentiated
a protoderm. The progressive structural differentiation of the apical meristem, leaf primordia, and procambial strands led,
after about 28 d of culture, to shoots with vascular connections with treachery elements previously differentiated in adjacent
tissues. 相似文献
5.
Dark pretreatment improves adventitious shoot organogenesis from cotyledons of diploid watermelon 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The influence of light incubation during embryo germination on shoot organogenesis from cotyledons of four diploid watermelon
[Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nakai cultivars was examined. Germinating embryos in darkness significantly improved the number of explants
that produced harvestable shoots during the 6 week incubation period on shoot regeneration medium under a 16-h photoperiod.
The percentage of explants with shoots more than doubled for `Crimson Sweet' and was about 1.5-fold greater for `Sweet Gem'
and `Yellow Doll' when embryos were germinated in darkness. The percentage of explants with shoots was not significantly improved
for `Minilee' by pretreating seedlings in darkness. This study demonstrates that optimal shoot regeneration can be obtained
by germinating embryos in darkness before preparing cotyledon explants.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Summary Blackberry (Rubus spp.) cultivars Chester Thornless, Kotata, Marion, and Navaho were evaluated for morphogenic potential using
the top one to four leaves from in vitro-grown shoots. In each experiment adventitious shoots were regenerated via organogenesis
without an intervening callus phase. Rooting was spontaneous when shoots were transferred to a medium without growth regulators
or with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Three gelling treatments (agar, Gelrite, and a combination) calibrated for equal gel
firmness [110 g/(1.1 cm)2 π] did not affect explant regeneration or the number of shoots per explant, but did affect callus production. Significantly
more callus (P≤0.05) was induced on regeneration medium (RM) with 10 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.5 μM IBA, and 0.19% Gelrite, than on medium containing either 0.71% agar, or the 0.35% agar/0.11% Gelrite
combination. Explants on RM with 5 μM IBA produced significantly more callus, but fewer shoots, compared to zero or 0.5 μM
IBA treatments for all gel treatments. Adding 200 mg l−1 sequestrene iron [sodium ferric ethylene diamine di-(O-hydroxyphenylacetate)] at the first transfer onto RM induced more
shoots per explant than the control, but did not influence the amount of callus produced. Sequestrene iron in the second transfer
on RM significantly increased the regeneration (caulogenesis) frequency from 30 to 40% for ‘Marion’ and from 23 to 43% for
‘Kotata’. Silver nitrate significantly reduced callus production for all treatments, but did not affect the frequency of caulogenesis
or the number of shoots per explant.
Part of a thesis submitted by C. W. V. Tsao in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MS degree. The use of trade,
names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture or Oregon State University. 相似文献
7.
Ainsley Phillip J. Hammerschlag Freddi A. Bertozzi Terry Collins Graham G. Sedgley Margaret 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2001,67(3):221-226
Adventitious shoots were regenerated from immature cotyledons of four almond cultivars (`Ne Plus Ultra', `Nonpareil', `Carmel' and `Parkinson'). Open-pollinated fruit were collected from orchard-grown trees 100–115 days after full bloom. The proximal ends of the cotyledons were excised and the embryonic axes discarded. The effects of different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and the presence or absence of light for the first 7 days of culture were determined. Shoot regeneration rates were highest for cotyledons cultured for 8 weeks on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing TDZ (10.0 M), followed by 4 weeks on medium without plant growth regulators. Regeneration levels were further improved if cotyledons were maintained in darkness for the first 7 days. IBA (0.5 M) significantly reduced the development of adventitious shoots. The frequency of cotyledons that developed adventitious shoots under the optimum tested conditions for `Ne Plus Ultra', `Nonpareil', `Carmel', and `Parkinson' were 80.0%, 73.3%, 100.0% and 86.7%, respectively. 相似文献
8.
A high level of adventitious shoot regeneration was obtained from proliferating shoots in vitro for a range of Prunus spp. There was a significant variability in clone response to a range of adventitious shoot regeneration treatments. Treatment of apricot clone H.152 with Quoirin macroelements (C.R. Rech., Stu. Cult. Fruit. Maraîchères Gemblaux (1977) 93–117), and both apricot clone H.146 and hybrid plum clone P.1869 with half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium, consistently induced regeneration. Thidiazuron (TDZ) alone, or in combination with naptthaleneacetic acid (NAA), was most effective in stimulating adventitious shoot production, the optimum concentration being clone-dependent. Addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) to regeneration media enhanced regeneration by 10–40% and reduced the variability between experiments. Regeneration with AgNO3 was obtained also for three other plum clones belonging to the P. marianna, P. domestica and P. insititia species. 相似文献
9.
An efficient regeneration system for large-scale propagation of statice (Limonium altaica cv. Emille) was developed using leaves from mature plants. Leaf segments (5×5 mm sections) were cultured on Murashige and
Skoog's medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) individually and in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and α-naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA). Prolific direct adventitious shoot regeneration occurred on most of the media. The best response in terms of frequency
of shoot regeneration (99.5%) and number of shoots per explant (112 shoots per explant) was observed on medium supplemented
with 2.85 μM IAA and 1.14 μM TDZ. The shoots rooted easily on half strength MS medium and MS medium with indole-3-butyric
acid. In vitro propagated plants could be transferred to soil with survival rates of more than 95%.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Factors effecting adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of quince (Cydonia oblonga) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A procedure for adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) using thidiazuron (TDZ) was developed. Excised leaves of cultures grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 5 M benzyladenine (BA) and 0.9% Gibco Phytagar were used. Several experiments were conducted to determine optimum concentrations of thidiazuron, -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and sucrose. When the medium contained 1.5 M TDZ and 2.5 M NAA, 85% of the discs regenerated shoots with an average of eight shoots per leaf disc. An incubation period of three weeks in the dark was necessary for optimum shoot regeneration. Leaves excised from four to six-week-old cultures gave a higher percent shoot regeneration than leaves from cultures older than six weeks. Regeneration percentages were significantly reduced when sucrose concentration in the medium was less than 3%. A significantly higher percentage of shoots regenerated when leaf discs were placed on the regeneration medium abaxial side down as compared to the adaxial side.Regenerated shoots were cultured on MS medium containing 5 M BA and rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 10 M NAA. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized to greenhouse conditions for evaluation of any somaclonal variation. The importance of these findings are discussed in relation to in vitro improvement of plants.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- MS
Murashige & Skoog (1962) salt mixture
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- TDZ
thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3,-thiadiazol-5-ylurea)
Approved for publication by the Director, West Virginia Agric. and For. Expt. Sta. as Scientific Article No.2346 相似文献
11.
Summary An improved protocol for shoot regeneration from hypocotyl segments of seedlings from open-pollinated seeds of lingonberry
(Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) cultivars, ‘Ida’, ‘Splendor’, and ‘Erntesegen’, and a native clone from Newfoundland was developed. The effect of thidiazuron
(TDZ) on adventitious bud and shoot formation from apical, central, and basal segments of the hypocotyl was tested. Highly
regenerative callus was obtained from hypocotyl segments on modified Murashige and Skoog (MMS) medium containing 5–10 μM TDZ. A maximum of 10 buds and 12 shoots per apical segment for seedlings of cultivar ‘Ida’ regenerated on MMS containing
10 μM TDZ. Callus and bud regeneration frequency, callus growth, and number of buds and shoots per regenerating explant depended
not only on the specific segment of the hypocotyl, but also on parental genotype. Inhibition of shoot elongation by TDZ was
overcome by transferring shoot cultures to a shoot proliferation medium containing 1–2 μM zeatin. The optimal concentration of sucrose for shoot elongation was 20 gl−1. Shoots were rooted ex vitro on a 2 peat: 1 perlite (v/v) medium after dipping in 0.8% indole-3-butyric acid, and rooted plants acclimatized readily under
greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
12.
Elizabeth S. Tomlin Sheila R. Branch Dean Chamberlain Howard Gabe Martha S. Wright C. Neal Stewart Jr. 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2002,38(6):543-548
Summary Seventeen breeding lines of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, and cv. Jack, from relative maturity groups 0.3–7.5 were assessed for their ability to undergo somatic embryogenesis.
The goal of this study was to determine which lines had high embryogenic capacity. We also sought to understand the relationship
between relative maturity and embryogenesis. Embryos from immature cotyledons were initiated on solid MS medium with varying
levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Qualitative and quantitative measures of initiation, proliferation, differentiation,
and maturation were recorded. The breeding lines differed significantly with respect to percent induction, number of embryos
induced, and quality of induced embryos. After 1 mo, of proliferation, two early maturing lines, the control, Jack, and NK-5,
had the best overall performance. High percent response of proliferating embryos was positively associated with lower maturity
groups. Relatively high concentrations of 2,4-D (compared with that used in prolifcrating medium, e.g., 226 μM; 50 mg l−1) in the initiating medium reduced numbers of embryo clusters per cotyledon initiated and percent initiation, and the concentration
of 2,4-D affected the proliferation of somatic embryos in a breeding line-dependent manner. The breeding lines differed significantly
in the time to produce mature somatic embryos. There was a positive correlation between immature embryo quality and number
of differentiated somatic embryos produced.
Retired. 相似文献
13.
Franoise Jaunin Hugues Henry Hannes Richter Yvonne Collet Rose-Marie Hofer Franois Widmer 《Biology of the cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization》1995,83(1):93-97
Summary— Malate synthase (MS; EC 4.1.3.2), an enzyme specific to the glyoxylate cycle, was studied in cotyledons of dark-grown soybean (Glycine max L) seedlings with light and electron microscopy techniques. Immunogold localization confirmed biochemical evidence that MS from soybean is a glyoxysomal matrix enzyme. 相似文献
14.
Mulpuri Sujatha Sheri Vijay Singareddy Vasavi Natarajan Sivaraj Sankaraneni Chander Rao 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2012,111(3):359-372
Genetic improvement of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) through the use of biotechnological tools requires a reliable in vitro shoot regeneration system. Tissue culture protocols reported to date for sunflower suffer from low efficiency, poor reproducibility, genotype dependence and a tendency for flowering in vitro. The present study describes an efficient protocol system for shoot regeneration via direct adventitious shoot organogenesis from cotyledons of mature seeds of sunflower. About 169 media combinations comprising 12 different growth regulator combinations in various concentrations were assessed for induction of shoots from cotyledons derived from mature seeds and also from seedling tissues of 2?C20-day-old seedlings. Appearance of shoots from seedling tissues was sporadic and the frequency of shoot regeneration was low. Cotyledon explants from mature seeds were consistent with regard to frequency of adventitious shoot regeneration and number of shoots per explant. A high frequency (93.86?%) of adventitious shoot regeneration was obtained within 2?weeks of culture initiation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 9.84???M 2-isopentenyladenine (2-iP), 2.85???M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 0.45???M thidiazuron (TDZ). Use of 2-iP in the shoot induction and elongation media prevented precocious flowering. Statistical analysis revealed significant effects of explant orientation, age of seedlings, and genotype on adventitious organogenesis. Maximum shoot regeneration was obtained when cotyledons from 0 and 1-day-old seedlings were placed with their adaxial surface in contact with the medium surface. The protocol developed was tested on 42 genotypes and found to be applicable to a wide range of genotypes. Histological studies indicated that the shoots originated predominantly through adventive organogenesis from the sub-epidermal and cortical regions. 相似文献
15.
Cotyledonary-stage embryos of Haifa white clover, collected 13 days after cross-pollination, were induced to form adventitious shoots primarily from the hypocotyl region. The culture medium used for the production of adventitious shoots contained 5 M thidiazuron and 0.5 M -naphthaleneacetic acid. Numerous shoot meristems were produced within the first week, discrete shoots developed by week three, small plantlets by week eight, and whole plants in soil by week ten. 95–100% of all embryos, regardless of genotype, produced adventitious shoots within four weeks with an average production of 17.5 shoots per embryo. The majority of shoots (on average 77%) were easily converted to whole plants in soil. The white clover regeneration system described is prolific, rapid and effective on a large number of genotypes.Abbreviations BA
N6-benzylaminopurine
- MS medium
Murashige & Skoog medium (1962)
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- thidiazuron
N-phenyl-N-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea 相似文献
16.
High frequency of adventitious shoot regeneration from commercial cultivars of evening primrose (Oenothera spp.) using thidiazuron 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E MENDOZA DE GYVES C A SPARKS A F FIELDSEND P A LAZZERI H D JONES 《The Annals of applied biology》2001,138(3):329-332
Evening primrose (Oenothera spp.) is grown commercially for its seed oil that contains gamma linolenic acid (GLA), a valuable food supplement and pharmaceutical. There is considerable interest in the potential of genetic engineering to improve yields of GLA in evening primrose, and attention has focused on the current state of tissue‐culture knowledge in this species which is a prerequisite for genetic transformation. Published protocols for the regeneration of plants from leaf or cotyledon material of Oenothera spp. are available, but these prove unsatisfactory when applied to commercial cultivars used in this study. An efficient method for regenerating three commercial cultivars of evening primrose Rigel, Merlin and Vulcan was developed using thidiazuron (TDZ) as a growth regulator. Explants from one month old seedlings were cultivated in vitro; a large number of buds were induced directly from strips of leaves, cotyledons and stems when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing TDZ and indole‐butyric acid (IBA). Shoots that were excised and placed onto MS basal medium, supplemented with IBA, rooted with 85–90% efficiency. Plantlets were transferred to soil after 6–8 wk. TDZ stimulated the regeneration process, and its effects were enhanced when combined with IBA or indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA). The methods developed may be a useful advance toward improvement of this oil seed crop through genetic modification. 相似文献
17.
S. R. Thengane D. K. Kulkarni V. A. Shrikhande K. V. Krishnamurthy 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(2):206-210
Summary Regeneration of adventitious shoots from the medicinal plant Nothapodytes foetida (Weight) Sleumer Syn. Mappia foetida (family Ieacinaceceae) has been achieved using different seedling explants. Direct, regeneration of shoot buds was observed
in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of thidiazuron. The optimum levels of
thidiazuron concentrations were 0.91–4.45 μM. Leaf explants formed more shoots followed by hypocotyls or cotyledons. The shoot buds elongated and rooted on MS basal medium
with N6-benzyladenine (0.88–2.22 μM) and indole-3-butyric acid (0.49 μM). 相似文献
18.
Cotyledons of 3- to 4-week-old seedlings of Douglas-fir [ Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb). Franco] were treated with shoot induction medium (SIM) containing 5 μ M 6N-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 5 n M naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Fresh weight, dry weight and soluble protein levels were not altered within the first 48 h of SIM treatment. SIM-treated cotyledons were labelled in vivo with 35 SO4 2- , and TCA-insoluble proteins were analyzed electrophoretically by a 2-dimensional system consisting of non-equilibrium electrophoresis (NEPHGE) followed by sodium dode-cylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A basic polypeptide with a relative molecular weight of 14.5 kDa was detected 32 h after induction and after 48 h a number of polypeptides in the 14 to 35 kDa range were induced. Translation products of poly-A+ RNA isolated from cotyledons treated with SIM for 4, 16, 32 and 48 h were analyzed by using 2-dimensional NEPHGE-SDS-PAGE. Both qualitative and quantitative differences in the translation products were observed at all time points investigated. Expression of a specific RNA coding for a 30 kDa polypeptide was demonstrated as early as 4 h after culture on SIM. This RNA was also present at 16 h, but decreased with longer SIM treatments. Thus, culture of excised cotyledons on a medium inducing the formation of adventitious shoots results in rapid quantitative and qualitative changes in the polypeptide composition and translatable RNA population prior to morphological evidence of shoot induction. 相似文献
19.
Jinfeng Lü Rong Chen Muhan Zhang Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva Guohua Ma 《Journal of plant physiology》2013
Camellia nitidissima Chi (Theaceae) is a world-famous economic and ornamental plant with golden-yellow flowers. It has been classified as one of the rarest and most endangered plants in China. Our objective was to induce somatic embryogenesis, shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration for C. nitidissima. Three types of callus (whitish, reddish and yellowish) were induced from immature cotyledons on improved woody plant medium (WPM) with different plant growth regulators (PGRs). Among the callus, whitish callus was induced by 4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and reddish and yellowish callus were induced by strongly active cytokinins, thidiazuron (TDZ) or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), singly or combined with weakly active auxin, α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The embryogenic callus could differentiate into somatic embryos, nodular embryogenic structures (large embryo-like structures) or adventitious shoots depending on the PGR used in WPM. BAP was best for adventitious buds and zeatin was best for somatic embryogenesis while kinetin (Kt) was best for the formation of nodular embryogenic structures. The three regeneration pathways often occurred in the same embryogenic callus clumps. Most shoots (80.0%) developed roots in WPM supplemented with 24.6 μM IBA and 0.3 μM NAA while 47.5% of somatic embryos could germinate directly and develop into plantlets on induction medium supplemented with 0.9 μM BAP and 0.1 μM NAA. The nodular embryogenic structures could be sub-cultured and cyclically developed in one of two differentiation pathways: shoot organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. Plantlets derived from shoot buds rooted and somatic embryos germinated when transplanted into soil in a greenhouse; 66.7% of plantlets from shoot culture and 78.6% of plantlets from somatic embryos survived after 8 weeks’ acclimatization. 相似文献
20.
Internode explants collected from in vitro grown shoots of two clones of Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) and five clones of F. orientalis Lipski (Oriental beech) were used to evaluate their bud regeneration capacity. Adventitious shoot-buds formed on callus,
which developed from internode segments cultured in a Woody Plant Medium supplemented with different concentrations of either
thidiazuron (TDZ) or benzyladenine (BA). After 4 weeks of culture on induction media, the explants were transferred to a proliferation
medium supplemented with 2.2 μM BA, 9.1 μM zeatin and 2.9 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) for another 8 weeks. Medium containing
TDZ was much more efficient than medium containing BA in inducing adventitious buds, the optimal TDZ concentration being 4.5
μM and the optimal BA concentration 17.8 μM. Genotypic variation in shoot regeneration capacity was observed among the two
Fagus species and between clones within each species, with a significant interaction between TDZ concentration and genotype regarding
mean bud number. Thidiazuron induction medium supplemented with a range of individual auxins was investigated, and it was
found that IAA or indole-3-butyric acid at 2.9 μM enhanced the bud forming capacity of explants. Morphogenic response varied
significantly with the position of the internode along the stem. The highest regeneration potential was obtained from apical
internodes, while those distal to the apex were the least productive. Elongated shoots of adventitious origin can be readily
proliferated by axillary branching.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献