反向PCR方法克隆腾冲嗜酸两面菌的分子伴侣基因*

根据已知的Sulfolobus属的分子伴侣基因,设计简并引物,用PCR的方法从腾冲嗜酸两面菌(Acidianus tengchongensis)基因组DNA中分别克隆到了分子伴侣α亚基和β亚基的约500bp的基因片段。以它们为探针进行Southern杂交,确定了合适的限制性内切酶。以确定的限制性内切酶消化的基因组DNA环化物为模板,进行反向PCR反应,引物的延伸方向由已知序列出发沿环化分子向未知区域进行,扩增产物经测序表明为α亚基和β亚基基因。根据所得序列分别设计两对引物进行PCR,测序结果     

硫矿硫化叶菌P2分子伴侣基因的克隆表达及其性质

[目的]研究重组表达的硫矿硫化叶菌P2分子伴侣β亚基体外同源聚合体的结构和生化功能.[方法]利用PCR技术从硫矿硫化叶菌P2的基因组DNA中克隆得到分子伴侣β亚基的基因,将该基因克隆到表达载体pET-21a( )上并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中实现了表达.对纯化后的β亚基单体进行体外聚合,利用透射电镜观察β分子伴侣的结构,并对其促蛋白折叠性质进行了研究.[结果]硫矿硫化叶菌P2分子伴侣β亚基基因在大肠杆菌BL21中实现了高效表达,纯化后的分子伴侣β亚基单体在ATP和Mg2 存在的条件下可自组装形成分子伴侣聚合体.透射电镜观察表明:该β分子伴侣具有Ⅱ型分子伴侣典型的双层面包圈结构,每个环由8个亚基构成.该β分子伴侣具有ATPase活性,最适反应温度为80℃;它不仅能够促进变性的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)重新折叠,而且还能有效的提高木聚糖酶的热稳定性.[结论]本文根据P2基因组序列分析预测的分子伴侣基因设计引物,克隆表达了硫矿硫化叶菌P2分子伴侣的β亚基,纯化后对其进行体外聚合,透射电镜观察表明该聚合体具有Ⅱ型分子伴侣的经典结构,功能分析表明该β分子伴侣能够在体外促进异源蛋白质的折叠、提高其它酶分子的热稳定性.这为进一步深入研究嗜热古菌耐热抗逆的分子机制,奠定了良好的基础.     

基因组步移法克隆小菜蛾CYP9G2基因的上游序列

利用4种产生平端切头的限制性内切酶消化小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)的基因组DNA,然后利用DNA连接酶的催化作用,在4种不同平端切头的小菜蛾基因组DNA上连接一个氨基化的基因组步移衔接头序列,针对衔接头及已克隆的CYP9G2基因的序列,设计两对PCR上、下游引物,进行PCR扩增、T-A克隆和阳性克隆的巢式PCR验证,通过测序克隆到了小菜蛾CYP9G2基因上游未知序列约1.8 kb.通过对该基因的上游序列进行信息分析,发现1个可能的节肢动物动物转录起始子(Inr),3个CAAT样盒及1个抗氧化剂样反应因子,共5个可能的顺式调控元件.研究还表明,利用基因组步移方法可以快速地克隆已知序列的上游未知序列,实验操作经济、简便,对于已知cDNA序列或部分基因组序列的基因,其上游调控序列的克隆,基因组步移具有较高的实用价值.     

单引物PCR法引入定点突变

目的:利用单个突变引物,在含人呼吸道合胞病毒F蛋白基因编码序列的pc DNA3.1(+)-F质粒中,通过单次环形PCR在特定序列位置引入定点突变。方法:以双链环状的pc DNA3.1(+)-F质粒DNA为模板,设计分别含有三种目的突变N70Q,I431N,Q270T的三条单引物,分别进行单次PCR。用甲基化DNA特异的限制性内切酶Dpn I处理PCR产物后转化大肠杆菌DH5α,进行克隆筛选,酶切鉴定和测序分析。结果:酶切鉴定结果和测序结果均符合预期,利用单引物PCR法成功在含人呼吸道合胞病毒F蛋白基因编码序列的pc DNA3.1(+)-F质粒DNA中引入了单碱基突变、两个间隔碱基突变及相邻三碱基突变三种目的突变。结论:单引物PCR法解决了常规定点突变方法中多个PCR反应,程序繁琐及突变效率低等问题,是一种简便、快速、有效的基因工程定点突变新方法。     

一种改良的启动子序列克隆的染色体步查法

利用染色体步行法,从已知DNA序列克隆侧翼未知序列是非常有效的方法之一,但由于所选用的特定限制性内切酶对目标基因组不能酶解成合适大小的片段,因而受PCR扩增能力的局限,往往扩增不出有效产物. 针对这一点,这里我们介绍一种简单有效的改良方法,它包括以下步骤：首先用不同的限制性内切酶(包括平末端和粘性末端) 酶解目标基因组DNA,接着,选择能将基因组酶切成弥散、分布均匀的限制性内切酶,如DraⅠ和HindⅢ,合成相对应的接头;然后,选择弥散的、分布均匀的限制性内切酶的酶解产物,构建成含相应接头的基因组DNA文库,用作PCR的模板;最后,用接头引物和特异引物,通过巢式PCR扩增目的片段,获得了理想的扩增效果.采用改进后的染色体步查法,有效地从较复杂的棉花核DNA中克隆出6个棉花启动子序列.     

单引物PCR法引入定点突变 *

目的:利用单个突变引物,在含人呼吸道合胞病毒F蛋白基因编码序列的pcDNA3.1(+)-F质粒中,通过单次环形PCR在特定序列位置引入定点突变。 方法: 以双链环状的pcDNA3.1(+)-F质粒DNA为模板,设计分别含有三种目的突变N70Q, I431N, Q270T的三条单引物,分别进行单次PCR。用甲基化DNA特异的限制性内切酶Dpn I处理PCR产物后转化大肠杆菌DH5α,进行克隆筛选,酶切鉴定和测序分析。 结果: 酶切鉴定结果和测序结果均符合预期,利用单引物PCR法成功在含人呼吸道合胞病毒F蛋白基因编码序列的pcDNA3.1(+)-F质粒DNA 中引入了单碱基突变、两个间隔碱基突变及相邻三碱基突变三种目的突变。 结论: 单引物PCR法解决了常规定点突变方法中多个PCR反应,程序繁琐及突变效率低等问题,是一种简便、快速、有效的基因工程定点突变新方法。     

人整合素β3亚基真核表达载体的构建及表达

构建人整合素β3亚基全读码框(ORF)基因真核表达载体,为探讨整合素β3作为汉坦病毒(Hantavirus,HV)受体的特异性奠定基础.根据已公布的序列设计引物,用PCR方法从原核质粒中扩增出人整合素分子β3亚基ORF基因,应用TA克隆将其插入pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO载体中,采用酶切和PCR鉴定,选取初筛正向插入的阳性克隆进行测序,序列分析表明与公布的人整合素β3亚基ORF核苷酸序列基本一致,并通过脂质体介导转染至CHO细胞中进行瞬时表达,经间接免疫荧光法检测证实pcDNA3.1-β3能在宿主细胞中高效表达.     

人整合素β3亚基真核表达载体的构建及表达

构建人整合素β3亚基全读码框（ORF）基因真核表达载体,为探讨整合素β3作为汉坦病毒（Hantavirus,HV)受体的特异性奠定基础。根据已公布的序列设计引物,用PCR方法从原核质粒中扩增出人整合素分子β3亚基ORF基因,应用TA克隆将其插入pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO载体中,采用酶切的PCR鉴定,选取初筛正向插入的阳性克隆进行测序,序列分析表明与公布的人整合素亚基ORF核苷酸序列基本一致,并通过脂质体介导转染至CHO细胞中进行瞬时表达,经间接免疫荧光法检测证实pcDNA3.1-β3能在宿主细胞中高效表达。     

阴道分离因肯毛孢子菌的分子鉴定和种内分型

分别采用rRNA基因内转录间隔区(ITS)和基因间隔区(IGS1)测序,ITS和IGS1区PCR限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)和基因组DNA的随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)等方法,对三株因肯毛孢子菌Trichosporon inkin进行分子特征及种内分型研究。结果显示,不同菌株的rRNA基因ITS区和IGS1区的序列相似性均高达100%,RFLP酶切图谱具有较理想的种内一致性,而不同菌株的RAPD图谱不尽相同。研究表明:rRNA基因IGS1区测序及RFLP酶切可考虑用于因肯毛孢子菌的菌种分子鉴定,而基因组DNA的RAPD则较适合于菌种的种内分型。     

磁珠富集法分离刀鲚微卫星标记

利用磁珠富集法分离微卫星序列,以开发长江刀鲚微卫星分子标记。将长江刀鲚基因组DNA经限制内切酶Mse I酶切,回收400-1 000 bp片段,安装接头,构建长江刀鲚全基因组PCR文库。用生物素标记的微卫星探针(CA)12与其杂交,磁珠富集含有微卫星序列的DNA片段。将洗脱所得片段进行PCR扩增,然后进行克隆。经过菌落PCR检验后挑选出118个阳性克隆进行测序,其中97条含有微卫星序列。用设计合成59对微卫星引物对30尾养殖长江刀鲚进行引物的多态性筛选,得到9对多态性引物。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.