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1.
以菜豆黄化幼苗作为试验材料,探讨了铅(Pb)或PEG(聚乙二醇)胁迫下交替呼吸途径在植物转绿过程中对叶绿素含量以及叶绿素荧光特性的影响,以阐明逆境胁迫下植物交替呼吸途径的生理学作用。结果显示:(1)与菜豆黄化幼苗正常转绿过程(对照)相比,Pb或PEG胁迫导致菜豆黄化幼苗的叶绿素含量积累延迟,使叶片PSⅡ潜在最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、光适应下最大光化学效率(Fv′/Fm′)、PSⅡ光适应下实际光化学效率(Y(Ⅱ))和光化学荧光猝灭系数(qP)显著下降,而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)则显著增加。(2)在菜豆黄化幼苗转绿过程中,Pb或PEG胁迫导致其交替呼吸途径容量较对照均显著上升。(3)Pb或PEG胁迫下,交替呼吸途径抑制剂[水杨基氧肟酸(SHAM,1 mmol/L)]使菜豆黄化幼苗转绿过程中叶绿素含量、Fv/FmFv′/Fm′、Y(Ⅱ)和qP进一步下降, NPQ却进一步增加,说明抑制交替呼吸途径会加剧Pb或PEG胁迫对PSⅡ反应中心活性的进一步抑制,使还原力积累加剧,造成热耗散进一步增加。研究表明,Pb或PEG胁迫均显著降低了菜豆黄化幼苗PSⅡ对光能的利用率,进而阻碍了菜豆黄化幼苗转绿进程;交替呼吸途径有助于在胁迫条件下缓解PSⅡ的过度还原,可能在一定程度上缓解了Pb或PEG胁迫对其转绿进程的阻碍作用。  相似文献   

2.
以塔里木河下游天然漫溢区多枝柽柳幼苗为研究对象,分析连续漫溢干扰下多枝柽柳幼苗生长和种群变化特征,以及不同漫溢强度下幼苗的光合特性。结果表明:(1)在连续2次较强输水漫溢的干扰下,多枝柽柳幼苗种群密度从2013年3月到2014年7月呈先增后降再增的趋势,而其冠面积、株高和基径则呈先降后增再降的趋势。(2)在第2次输水漫溢较弱的Ⅲ监测区,多枝柽柳幼苗种群密度呈先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,而其冠面积、株高和基径则呈先降低后逐渐增加的趋势。(3)随第2次输水漫溢量逐渐减弱,多枝柽柳幼苗叶片相对含水量呈先降后增的趋势,叶绿素含量、实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)均呈逐渐降低的趋势,而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈逐渐增加的趋势,但潜在最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)总体处于相对适宜的状态。研究认为,连续2次较强的输水漫溢条件虽能够使生长季期间漫溢区多枝柽柳幼苗种群得到更新,但同时也导致大量幼苗受淹死亡,从而使漫溢区的多枝柽柳幼苗种群不能形成一定的规模;建议采取强弱交替的方式进行生态输水,既能提高新发生幼苗的存活率,又能使幼苗稳定的生长。  相似文献   

3.
红芽芋驯化苗对盐胁迫的光合及生理响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
洪森荣  尹明华 《西北植物学报》2013,33(12):2499-2506
为探讨江西铅山红芽芋的耐盐机制,以其组培移栽驯化苗为材料,研究了盐胁迫对其生物量积累、光合特性、荧光特性等抗逆生理特性的影响。结果表明:(1)红芽芋幼苗生物量和根冠比在低盐胁迫下(50 mmol·L-1)得到显著促进,而在高盐胁迫下(100~250 mmol·L-1)受到显著抑制。(2)低盐胁迫幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、气孔限制值(Ls)、水分利用效率(WUE)和瞬时羧化效率(CUE)比对照(0 mmol·L-1)显著增加,细胞间CO2浓度(Ci)比对照显著下降,蒸腾速率(Tr)与对照无显著差异;高盐胁迫幼苗的PnLsWUECUEGs较对照显著下降,Ci比对照显著增加。(3)低盐胁迫幼苗的最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率(Fv/F0)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)比对照显著增加,初始荧光(F0)较对照显著下降,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、开放的PSⅡ反应中心捕获激发能效率(Fv′/Fm′)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)与对照无显著差异;而高盐胁迫幼苗的F0FmFv/FmFv/F0、ΦPSⅡFv′/Fm′和qP均较对照显著下降,NPQ比对照显著增加。(4)各盐胁迫幼苗叶片的可溶性蛋白含量以及过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性与对照相比先升后降,并以低盐下最高;可溶性总糖和脯氨酸含量均比对照显著增加;丙二醛含量和质膜透性相对值在低盐胁迫下无显著变化,而在高盐下显著增加;叶绿素含量和根系活力在低盐胁迫下无显著变化,而在高盐胁迫后开始显著下降。研究发现,江西铅山红芽芋移栽驯化苗的耐盐阈值为 50 mmol·L-1,其能够诱导提高叶片可溶性蛋白含量和主要保护酶活性,稳定质膜透性、叶绿素含量和根系活力,增加PSⅡ潜在光化学效率,提高PSⅡ的电子传递活性,维持PSⅡ实际光化学效率,有效启动非辐射热能量耗散机制来保护了光合机构,最终提高净光合速率,增加生物量。  相似文献   

4.
利用盆栽的方式研究了干旱胁迫下接种兰科菌根真菌(OM)对铁皮石斛生长的影响,并分析了铁皮石斛叶片相对含水量、游离脯氨酸含量、电解质渗透率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、活性氧成分、抗氧化酶活性变化,用定量PCR技术分析了相关抗氧化酶基因的表达特性,以探讨菌根真菌对铁皮石斛干旱胁迫的缓解作用及其机制。结果表明:(1)与正常水分条件相比,干旱胁迫显著降低了铁皮石斛幼苗的生物量和叶片相对含水量,提高了叶片电解质渗透率、脯氨酸含量、MDA含量、O-·2产生速率和H2O2水平。(2)菌根真菌能显著提高干旱胁迫下铁皮石斛叶片相对含水量,降低叶片电解质渗透率、脯氨酸含量、MDA含量、O-·2产生速率和H2O2水平;在不同水分条件下,菌根真菌均能有效促进铁皮石斛幼苗生长,其株高、根重、茎叶重和总生物量均大于未接种组。(3)菌根真菌可诱导干旱胁迫下铁皮石斛超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)基因的表达,提高SOD、POD和CAT的活性,有效缓解干旱胁迫对质膜的过氧化伤害。研究认为,菌根真菌能提高干旱胁迫下铁皮石斛的抗氧化酶活性及其相关基因表达水平,增强铁皮石斛抗氧化防御能力,有效缓解干旱胁迫对铁皮石斛幼苗生长的抑制。  相似文献   

5.
以1年生的朴树和速生白榆幼苗为试材,采用山东省林业科学研究院东营分院34.6‰的地下天然盐水配制所需盐水浓度,定期定量浇灌,使土壤分别达0(CK)、2‰、2.5‰、3.5‰和5‰的含盐量,各处理胁迫45 d后测定其生长量(地径、苗高)、叶绿素含量、光合参数以及叶绿素荧光特性的变化,研究不同盐胁迫处理对朴树和速生白榆生长及光合作用的影响,探究其耐盐能力。结果显示: (1)整个盐胁迫过程中速生白榆的生长量较朴树高,但随着盐胁迫强度的增加朴树幼苗叶绿素含量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,速生白榆幼苗则低于CK呈下降趋势。(2)朴树和速生白榆初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)和PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)均表现出下降趋势,与朴树相比速生白榆的Fo、FmFv/Fm下降不明显,但在>2.5‰盐胁迫下速生白榆的非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)较朴树增加更明显。研究表明,朴树叶绿素含量在每个盐胁迫浓度下均显著高于速生白榆,但在大于2.5‰浓度胁迫下速生白榆的荧光参数变化较朴树占优势;在非环境胁迫及较低盐胁迫条件下(≤2.5‰),朴树较速生白榆具有更好的光化学性能,但在较高盐胁迫条件下(>2.5‰),速生白榆光合参数及荧光参数较朴树变化稳定,能更好的适应盐胁迫环境。  相似文献   

6.
为探讨林窗凋落物化感作用对幼苗更新的影响,通过模拟林窗与非林窗光照强度,以林窗和非林窗凋落物水浸提液(浓度1 : 10、1 : 30、1 : 50和1 : 100)为化感物质的主要来源,阐述林窗、凋落物化感作用及二者协同效应对格氏栲幼苗高度、叶绿素荧光参数和渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明:(1)非林窗幼苗的叶绿素相对含量、PSⅡ潜在活力(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和可溶性糖含量高于其它林窗,后期幼苗高度和叶片初始荧光(Fo)低于其它林窗。(2)与对照处理相比,不同浓度凋落物浸提液均抑制了幼苗Fv/Fo,而浓度1 : 50和1 : 100提高了幼苗后期高度、可溶性蛋白含量和叶绿素相对含量。(3)不同浓度凋落物浸提液中,林窗存在总体上提高了幼苗高度,且小林窗和非林窗幼苗叶绿素相对含量、Fv/FoFv/Fm值高于其它林窗。(4)熵值法结果表明,非林窗格氏栲幼苗生长的综合评价值高于其它林窗,凋落物浸提液浓度对幼苗生长的影响呈"低促高抑"效应,浓度1 : 50下幼苗生长的综合评价值高于其它浓度。高浓度(1 : 10和1 : 30)浸提液下,中林窗幼苗生长的综合评价值高于其它林窗。综上,林窗与凋落物化感作用共同影响格氏栲幼苗,且中林窗(50-100 m2)减弱了高浓度凋落物化感作用对格氏栲幼苗生长的毒害作用。未来,通过人为干扰方式调节林窗面积,适当清理森林凋落物以促进格氏栲幼苗天然更新。  相似文献   

7.
以‘绿博6号’黄瓜幼苗为试材,采用营养液培法研究不同浓度外源硅(0、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 mmol/L)对肉桂酸(cinnamic acid,CA)模拟自毒胁迫(3.0 mmol/L CA)下黄瓜幼苗生长、光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:(1)自毒胁迫显著抑制了黄瓜幼苗的生长、根系形态建成和生物量的积累,显著降低了净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和叶绿素(Chl a、Chl b和Chl t)含量,并显著降低了叶片中PSⅡ的电子传递速率(ETR)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率[Y(Ⅱ)]和光化学淬灭系数(qP)。(2)添加适宜浓度外源硅可有效缓解自毒胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响,并提高其PnGsTr和叶绿素含量,在一定程度上维持叶片光合系统的稳定。(3)添加适宜浓度外源硅能使自毒胁迫下黄瓜叶片的Fv/Fm、ETR、Y(Ⅱ)qP显著升高,而非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则显著下降。研究发现,添加适宜浓度外源硅能提高自毒胁迫下黄瓜幼苗的叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm、ETR、Y(Ⅱ)qP,使光合机构趋于稳定,抑制Pn的下降,缓解自毒胁迫对光合系统的损伤,从而增强黄瓜幼苗对自毒胁迫的抗性,并以1.0 mmol/L外源硅处理的效果最佳。  相似文献   

8.
刘涵  孙冲  黄威  黄勤琴  吴杰  刘霞 《西北植物学报》2023,43(2):1866-1871
该研究在人工控制水分条件下,设置3个干旱胁迫处理,选用3个主栽油菜品种‘陇油10号’、‘陇油2号’、‘青杂5号’幼苗进行盆栽试验,测定干旱胁迫条件下叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数及叶绿素荧光参数等指标,考察各指标在干旱胁迫过程中的变化特征,并通过主成分分析(PCA)和隶属函数法评价品种的抗旱性及其主要响应因子,以揭示西北地区油菜幼苗响应干旱胁迫的光合调控机制。结果表明:(1)各品种油菜幼苗的叶片相对含水量(RWC)均随干旱胁迫程度的递增而逐渐降低,最大水分亏缺(WSD)却逐渐上升。(2)各品种油菜幼苗叶片的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素总含量随着干旱胁迫程度的递增而先增加后递减,且同一种幼苗在不同处理间差异显著。(3)各品种油菜幼苗叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、水分利用效率(WUE)、单株生物量、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)均在受到干旱胁迫时迅速降低,且同一品种幼苗在不同处理间差异显著,而其叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)在干旱胁迫下无显著变化。(4)各品种油菜幼苗叶片光化学猝灭系数(qP)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)随着干旱胁迫程度的递增先增加后递减,最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和电子传递速率(ETR)在受到干旱胁迫时迅速降低,且同一品种幼苗在不同处理间差异显著。(5)主成分分析结果表明,在油菜幼苗受到干旱胁迫时RWCCiGsPnWUE、叶绿素总含量、叶绿素a含量和NPQ起主要调控作用;隶属函数法综合评价表明,3个品种油菜幼苗耐旱能力由高到低依次为‘陇油10号’>‘陇油2号’>‘青杂5号’。  相似文献   

9.
利用盆栽试验结合人工浇水后自然耗水的方法测定干旱胁迫对梭梭、白刺、沙蒿3种荒漠植物叶片水分、光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,探讨各指标在干旱胁迫过程中的变化特征、响应机制及其与土壤水分的定量关系,并用隶属函数法对其进行抗旱性排序。结果表明:(1)3种植物叶片相对含水量(RWC)随干旱胁迫天数增加持续降低,最大水分亏缺(RWD)呈波动式上升趋势。(2)3种植物总叶绿素含量(Chl)和叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)含量,以及梭梭、白刺类胡萝卜素含量均随胁迫天数增加而降低;沙蒿类胡萝卜素随土壤含水率降低逐渐升高。(3)梭梭、白刺、沙蒿叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)等主要光合气体交换参数对土壤水分表现出明显的阈值响应,适宜的土壤含水率分别为8.04%~19.33%、4.17%~19.10%、6.48%~17.51%。(4)3种植物 PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(Fv′/Fm′)及光化学淬灭系数(qP)均随干旱胁迫天数增加和光照强度增大而降低,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则呈逐渐上升趋势;干旱胁迫中后期,梭梭、沙蒿的Fv/FmFv′/Fm′均下降,光合机构光合活性遭到破坏,电子传递受阻,PSⅡ反应中心受损,表现出光抑制,而白刺调节自身PSⅡ反应中心免受伤害的能力较强。(5)隶属函数法综合分析表明,3种植物耐旱能力大小依次为白刺>梭梭>沙蒿。研究发现,3种荒漠植物均可通过调节 PSⅡ反应中心开放程度与活性,对干旱胁迫表现出较强的耐性,胁迫后期植物PSⅡ反应中心关闭或不可逆失活,表现出光抑制。  相似文献   

10.
为研究信号分子水杨酸(SA)对干旱胁迫下紫御谷光合和膜脂过氧化的影响,为SA应用于紫御谷抗旱育苗提供理论依据,测定分析了SA处理对干旱胁迫下紫御谷幼苗叶片光合和膜脂过氧化相关指标的变化。结果表明:(1)干旱胁迫破坏了紫御谷叶绿体的膜结构,使基粒数量明显减少,垛叠不明显,排列比较松散,而SA处理能在一定程度上保护叶绿体的膜结构。(2)干旱胁迫降低了紫御谷幼苗叶片的叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量,而SA处理能提高干旱胁迫下紫御谷幼苗叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和胡萝卜素含量。(3)干旱胁迫降低了叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光饱和点和暗呼吸速率,增加了叶片的光补偿点、CO2饱和点、CO2补偿点和光呼吸速率,而SA处理则增加了紫御谷幼苗叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、光饱和点和暗呼吸速率,降低了紫御谷幼苗叶片的光补偿点、CO2饱和点、CO2补偿点和光呼吸速率。(4)干旱胁迫降低了紫御谷幼苗叶片的Fv/FmΦPSⅡ,显著增加了叶片的相对电导率和丙二醛含量,而SA处理则增加了幼苗叶片的Fv/FmΦPSⅡ,降低了叶片的相对电导率和丙二醛含量。表明:信号分子水杨酸能够有效减缓干旱胁迫对紫御谷光合和膜脂过氧化的影响。  相似文献   

11.
Comparative analysis revealed that a xantha rice mutant (cv. Huangyu B) had higher ratios of chlorophyll (Chl) a/b and carotenoids/Chl, and higher photosynthetic efficiency than its wild type parent (cv. II32 B). Unexpectedly, the mutant had higher net photosynthetic rate (P N) than II32 B. This might have resulted from its lower non-photochemical quenching (qN) but higher maximal photochemical efficiency (FV/FM), higher excitation energy capture efficiency of photosystem 2 (PS2) reaction centres (FV′/FM′), higher photochemical quenching (qP), higher effective PS2 quantum yield (ΦPS2), and higher non-cyclic electron transport rate (ETR). This is the first report of a chlorophyll mutant that has higher photosynthetic efficiency and main Chl fluorescence parameters than its wild type. This mutant could become a unique material both for the basic research on photosynthesis and for the development of high yielding rice cultivars.  相似文献   

12.
为评价日本荚蒾(Viburnum japonicum)的耐盐雾能力,对4 a生实生苗用不同盐雾浓度处理(盐雾NaCl质量浓度分别为0%、1%、2%、3%),测定叶片净光合速率、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和叶绿素含量(Chl)等指标的变化。结果表明,1%盐雾处理的日本荚蒾植株能够存活,但生长不良,大于2%的盐雾处理的植株全部死亡。随着浓度的升高,日本荚蒾叶片的最大光合速率、Fv/Fm及Chl含量下降,而光饱和点及光补偿点总体呈上升趋势。这说明盐雾胁迫通过伤害光系统Ⅱ反应中心、改变植物可利用光能范围及降低叶绿素含量影响植物的光合作用。  相似文献   

13.
A comparison of the effects of a rapidly imposed water deficit with different leaf ages on chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange was performed in maize (Zea mays L.) plants. The relationships between photosynthesis and leaf relative turgidity (RT) and ion leakage were further investigated. Leaf dehydration substantially decreased net photosynthetic rate (A) and stomatal conductance (G s), particularly for older leaves. With dehydration time, F v /F m maintained a relatively stable level for youngest leaves but significantly decreased for the older leaves. The electron transport rate (ETR) sharply decreased with intensifying dehydration and remained at lower levels during continuous dehydration. The photochemical quenching of variable chlorophyll fluorescence (q P) gradually decreased with dehydration intensity for the older leaves but increased for the youngest leaves, whereas dehydration did not affect the nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ) for the youngest leaves but remarkably decreased it for the older leaves. The leaf RT was significantly and positively correlated with its F v /F m, ETR, and q P, and the leaf ion leakage was significantly and negatively correlated with F v /F m and NPQ. Our results suggest that the photosynthetic systems of young and old leaves decline at different rates when exposed to rapid dehydration.  相似文献   

14.
The influence of the early stages of fungal infection on chloroplast metabolism was studied in cultivar/race-specific interactions between potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Datura) and the late-blight fungusPhytophthora infestans. The accumulation of several mRNAs encoding components of the photosynthetic apparatus was not affected, either in compatible or in incompatible interactions. However, within 3 h after inoculation of potato leaves with fungal spores, a change in the photochemistry of photosystem II was detectable by measuring chlorophylla fluorescence. Characteristic fluorescence parameters, such as maximum fluorescence yield (Fm), variable fluorescence yield (Fv) and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), were specifically reduced in the compatible host/pathogen interaction. Analyses of photochemical and nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching showed an increase in the photochemical fraction. The amounts of two selected thylakoid membrane proteins and of total chlorophyll remained unchanged during this process, suggesting that the functional modification of the electron-transport system was not correlated with a change in the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus. The alterations of photosynthetic electron transport represent a rapidly detectable and sensitive physiological marker for compatible interactions in the potato/Phytophthora infestans pathosystem.  相似文献   

15.
In this study, the effects of lanthanum were investigated on contents of pigments, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, antioxidative enzymes, and biomass of maize seedlings under salt stress. The results showed that salt stress significantly decreased the contents of Chl and carotenoids, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP), and quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), net photosynthetic rate (PN), and biomass. Salt stress increased nonphotochemical quenching (qN), the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide compared with control. Pretreatment with lanthanum prior to salt stress significantly enhanced the contents of Chl and carotenoids, Fv/Fm, qP, qN, ΦPSII, PN, biomass, and activities of the above antioxidant enzymes compared with the salt-stressed plants. Pretreatment with lanthanum also significantly reduced the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide induced by salt stress. Our results suggested that lanthanum can improve salt tolerance of maize seedlings by enhancing the function of photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant capacity.  相似文献   

16.
This contribution is a practical guide to the measurement of the different chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters and gives examples of their development under high-irradiance stress. From the Chl fluorescence induction kinetics upon irradiation of dark-adapted leaves, measured with the PAM fluorometer, various Chl fluorescence parameters, ratios, and quenching coefficients can be determined, which provide information on the functionality of the photosystem 2 (PS2) and the photosynthetic apparatus. These are the parameters Fv, Fm, F0, Fm′, Fv′, NF, and ΔF, the Chl fluorescence ratios Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, ΔF/Fm′, as well as the photochemical (qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficients (qN, qCN, and NPQ). qN consists of three components (qN = qE + qT + qI), the contribution of which can be determined via Chl fluorescence relaxation kinetics measured in the dark period after the induction kinetics. The above Chl fluorescence parameters and ratios, many of which are measured in the dark-adapted state of leaves, primarily provide information on the functionality of PS2. In fully developed green and dark-green leaves these Chl fluorescence parameters, measured at the upper adaxial leaf side, only reflect the Chl fluorescence of a small portion of the leaf chloroplasts of the green palisade parenchyma cells at the upper outer leaf half. Thus, PAM fluorometer measurements have to be performed at both leaf sides to obtain information on all chloroplasts of the whole leaf. Combined high irradiance (HI) and heat stress, applied at the upper leaf side, strongly reduced the quantum yield of the photochemical energy conversion at the upper leaf half to nearly zero, whereas the Chl fluorescence signals measured at the lower leaf side were not or only little affected. During this HL-stress treatment, qN, qCN, and NPQ increased in both leaf sides, but to a much higher extent at the lower compared to the upper leaf side. qN was the best indicator for non-photochemical quenching even during a stronger HL-stress, whereas qCN and NPQ decreased with progressive stress even though non-photochemical quenching still continued. It is strongly recommended to determine, in addition to the classical fluorescence parameters, via the PAM fluorometer also the Chl fluorescence decrease ratio RFd (Fd/Fs), which, when measured at saturation irradiance is directly correlated to the net CO2 assimilation rate (P N) of leaves. This RFd-ratio can be determined from the Chl fluorescence induction kinetics measured with the PAM fluorometer using continuous saturating light (cSL) during 4–5 min. As the RFd-values are fast measurable indicators correlating with the photosynthetic activity of whole leaves, they should always be determined via the PAM fluorometer parallel to the other Chl fluorescence coefficients and ratios.  相似文献   

17.
利用盆栽的方式研究了不同硝酸镧水平(0、1.0、3.0、5.0和7.0mg·L-1)下接种兰科菌根真菌对铁皮石斛生物量、多糖和蛋白质合成的影响,并分析了叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化,以探讨硝酸镧和兰科菌根真菌对铁皮石斛生理特性的影响。结果表明:(1)添加适量的硝酸镧有利于菌根真菌侵染和菌根发育,提高铁皮石斛幼苗生物量。(2)在接种菌根真菌的同时添加5.0mg·L-1的硝酸镧,铁皮石斛的根重、茎叶重和总生物量均达到最大,分别是未添加硝酸镧以及未接种对照组的4.26倍、4.98倍和4.87倍,其菌根侵染率也高达92.8%;而且可显著提高叶片中叶绿素含量,并显著降低细胞内的丙二醛含量。(3)在适量(5.0mg·L-1)的硝酸镧水平下接种菌根真菌能促进铁皮石斛幼苗多糖和蛋白质的合成,并显著提高细胞内SOD、CAT和POD活性。研究认为,菌根真菌与适宜浓度硝酸镧(5.0 mg·L-1)联合使用能显著促进铁皮石斛菌根的形成,增强植株的生理活性和适应能力,提高其生物量和多糖等活性成分的积累,有效改善铁皮石斛的药用品质。  相似文献   

18.
Sinha  A.K.  Roitsch  T. 《Photosynthetica》2001,39(4):611-614
The effects of metabolisable sugars sucrose and glucose along with non-metabolisable isomers of sucrose palatinose and turanose were tested. Rate of oxygen evolution (P), electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching (qp) showed substantial decrease after 24 and 48 h by glucose and sucrose treatments, whereas there was no effect on all these parameters by the treatment with palatinose and turanose. Also the Fv/Fm ratio remained constant through the time of studies revealing that the maximal photochemical capacity of the cells was unchanged. Non-photochemical quenching (qN) showed a decrease compared to the control values by all the treatments. Hence P and Chl fluorescence parameter were affected only by those sugars which are used in the metabolic pathways and not by sugar analogues.  相似文献   

19.
Growth, photosynthetic gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics were investigated in wild type (WT) and Cd-sensitive mutant rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants using 50 μM Cd treatment for 12 d followed by a 3-d recovery. Under Cd stress, net dry mass and pigment contents were significantly lower in the mutant plants than in the WT. The mutant had lower net photosynthetic rate (P N), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (g s) than WT rice, however, it had higher intercellular CO2 concentration (C i), indicating that non-stomatal factors accounted for the inhibition of P N. Maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PS2 (ΦPS2), and photochemical quenching (qP) decreased much in the mutant under Cd stress. Cd content in roots and leaves of the mutant was significantly higher than those in the WT. Hence Cd toxicity was associated with the marked increases in Cd contents of plant tissue. After the recovery for 3 d, the WT rice had higher capacity to recover from Cd injury than the mutant.  相似文献   

20.
Cross stress of heat and high irradiance (HI) resulted in the accumulation of active oxygen species and photo-oxidative damage to photosynthetic apparatus of wheat leaves during grain development. Pre-treatment with calcium ion protected the photosynthetic system from oxidative damage by reducing O-. 2 production, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and retarding electrolyte leakage from cell. Therefore, high Fv/Fm [maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 (PS2) while all PS2 reaction centres are open], Fm/F0 (another expression for the maximal photochemical efficiency of PS2), ΦPS2 (actual quantum yield of PS2 under actinic irradiation), qP (photochemical quenching coefficient), and P N (net photosynthetic rate) were maintained, and lower qNP (non-photochemical quenching coefficient) of the leaves was kept under heat and HI stress. EGTA (a chelant of calcium ion) and LaCl3 (a blocker of Ca2+ channel in cytoplasmic membrane) had the opposite effect. Thus Ca ion may help protect the photosynthetic system of wheat leaves from oxidative damage induced by the cross stress of heat and HI.  相似文献   

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