钙和钙离子载体A23187对水稻早期胚胎离体发育的影响

研究了不同浓度的钙(Ca^2 )和钙离子载体A23187对水稻早期胚胎离体发育的影响。结果表明：(1)Ca^2 对授粉后3～5d水稻胚胎离体发育的调控具有时间和浓度效应。培养基中不含Ca^2 或Ca^2 浓度较高(10^-1mol／L)时,3d原胚离体分裂和生长完全受到抑制;4～5d早期分化胚受到一定程度的影响;而Ca^2 浓度为10^-3mol／L时,不同时期的水稻胚胎均表现出最佳的生长速度和最高的离体胚胎发生频率;在相同的钙浓度条件下,胚龄越大,胚胎发生频率及总诱导频率越大。(2)A23187影响水稻胚胎的离体生长和形态发生：胚胎越小,影响越大;浓度越高,抑制作用越强。     

亚硒酸钠对巨噬细胞内游离Ca2+和Mg2+的影响

用单细胞阳离子测定系统研究了SeO^2-₃对巨噬细胞内游离Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的影响.实验结果表明:SeO^2-₃高于10^-4mol/L时,有显著的细胞毒性.SeO^2-₃对细胞的毒性作用使细胞内游离Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的浓度升高但Ca²⁺浓度的升高速率比Mg²⁺快.还有,高于10^-4mol/L的SeO^2-₃对红细胞膜上的Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性有明显抑制作用.     

介质Ca2+和La3+对酿酒酵母生长的影响

采用正交实验研究了外加Ｃａ^２＋和Ｌａ^３＋对酿酒酵母生长的影响。结果表明：外加Ｃａ^２＋和Ｌａ^３＋对酿酒酵母的生长均有显著的影响,都呈现出低浓度时正效应和高浓度时负效应,当Ｃａ^２＋浓度为１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ及Ｌａ^３＋浓度为１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时酿酒酵母生长最好。     

Ca2+和Sr2+诱导大肠埃希菌感受态细胞的形成及转化的影响

为研究金属离子诱导下感受态细胞形成的机理及揭示转化发生的机制,分别用Ca~(2+)和Sr~(2+)(0~140mmol/L)制备大肠埃希菌感受态细胞并转化。研究结果表明,不同浓度的Ca~(2+)和Sr~(2+)诱导的感受态细胞的效价不同,两种金属离子对大肠埃希菌细胞内外膜的通透性均有较大影响,但细胞内外膜的改变程度与转化率无直接关系;电镜结果显示,未处理的细胞呈簇聚集发生粘连现象,感受态细胞整体呈分散状态,局部发生聚集,而转化后的细胞独立存在,边缘异常清晰。     

川楝素对K+、Ca2+通道活动及细胞内Ca2+浓度的调控

川楝素是我国学者从驱蛔中药中分离、鉴定的一个三萜化合物，已证明具选择地影响神经递质释放，有效地对抗肉毒中毒，促进细胞分化、凋亡，抑制肿瘤增殖，抑制昆虫发育和取食，影响K⁺、Ca²⁺通道活动等多种生物效应. 综述了证明川楝素抑制多种K⁺通道，选择地易化L型Ca²⁺通道和进而升高胞内Ca⁺浓度的研究资料，并对川楝素产生这些生物效应的机制进行了讨论.     

豚鼠精子质膜Ca2+ -ATPase活性与精子顶体反应关系的研究

用生化测定法首次证实豚鼠精子质膜Ca²⁺-ATPase活性在精子获能和顶体反应过程中显著下降.Ca²⁺-ATPase抑制剂利尿酸(ethacrynic acid)抑制质膜Ca²⁺-ATPase活性,但钙调素(50μg/mL)的拮抗剂三氟拉嗪(TFP,200～500μmol/L)对该酶活性没有影响,说明钙调素不直接参与精子依赖于ATP的Ca²⁺的主动泵出.但钙调素与精子的Ca²⁺内流有关,钙调素拮抗剂TFP显著促进精子顶体反应和精子对Ca²⁺的摄入.Ca²⁺-ATPase抑制剂栎皮酮(quercetin)、原钒酸钠(sodiumorthovandate)、利尿磺胺(furosemide)和利尿酸均显著促进豚鼠精子的顶体反应,但却抑制精子对Ca²⁺的摄入,这无法用它们对质膜Ca²⁺-ATPase活性的抑制作用解释.推测这可能是由于Ca²⁺-ATPase抑制剂在抑制质膜Ca²⁺-ATPase活性的同时也抑制了顶体外膜或线粒体外膜上的该酶的活性,导致Ca²⁺在细胞质内的积累,进而通过负反馈机制抑制Ca²⁺进一步内流所致.另外,Ca²⁺-ATPase抑制剂对糖酵解的抑制作用也可能是Ca²⁺在细胞质中积累和抑制精子Ca²⁺摄入的原因.     

外源Ca~(2+)连续喷施时间对辣椒淹水胁迫的缓解效应研究

以‘博辣红牛’辣椒为材料,研究外源Ca~(2+)连续喷施不同天数对淹水胁迫下辣椒幼苗农艺性状和生理指标的影响,探讨Ca~(2+)对辣椒淹水胁迫伤害的缓解作用和适宜的喷施处理天数。结果显示:(1)辣椒幼苗生物量、壮苗指数、叶绿素、根系活力、脯氨酸、可溶性糖以及CAT和SOD活性随施Ca~(2+)天数的增加呈先升高后下降的趋势,MDA含量随施Ca~(2+)天数的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势。(2)施Ca~(2+)1d(T1d)处理对辣椒淹水胁迫伤害无明显缓解作用,连续施Ca~(2+)3d(T3d)和6d(T6d)处理的缓解效果不断增强,至连续施Ca~(2+)9d(T9d)时缓解效果达到最佳,随后连续施Ca~(2+)12d(T12d)和20d(T20d)处理的缓解效果又逐渐减弱,但仍显著优于T1d处理。研究表明,外源Ca~(2+)可以诱导增加淹水胁迫下辣椒幼苗渗透调节物质含量,上调抗氧化酶活性,降低叶绿素的降解,大幅提高根系活力,从而缓解淹水胁迫所造成的各种伤害,增强其忍耐淹水胁迫能力,并以连续施钙9d对淹水胁迫的缓解效果最佳。     

肌浆网钙泵蛋白的结构和功能及其蛋白单体的特性

肌浆网是细胞钙平衡的主要调节单位之一,是胞浆钙离子浓度异常的重要研究对象。肌浆网结构组成简单,便于分离纯化,是理想的生物膜研究模型。本文介绍了肌浆网钙泵蛋白的分子结构、钙转运分子机制和钙泵蛋白的聚集状态及磷脂结构与钙转运的关系。     

脉冲电场对粒细胞内Ca2+浓度影响的动态变化

利用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和装有CCD系统的荧光显微镜 ,研究在单脉冲电场作用下经fluo 3/AM标记的鸡胚小脑粒细胞内自由Ca²⁺浓度 ( [Ca ²⁺]_i)的动态变化过程 .结果表明 :在单个电脉冲作用下 ,细胞内Ca²⁺浓度立刻升高并达到其最大值 .Ca²⁺浓度升高的幅度以及升高的速率具有电场强度的依赖性 .当细胞外Ca²⁺被过量的EGTA络合或细胞膜上的Ca²⁺通道被La ³⁺堵塞后 ,细胞内的Ca²⁺浓度仍然升高 .细胞内不同区域的Ca²⁺浓度同时升高 ;两极内的Ca²⁺浓度早于胞体的Ca²⁺浓度达到最大值并迅速恢复 .     

荧光标记在植物花粉管构造及生长特性研究中的应用

花粉(管)构造及花粉管生长特性长期以来一直是人们研究的焦点,近年来,随着生物学和新材料不断发展,新荧光标记技术的运用,植物花粉管生长特性的研究取得巨大进步.本文介绍了花粉管生长特性等研究中用到的主要荧光标记物质,包括:苯胺蓝、Flou-3、罗丹明鬼笔环肽、TUNEL标记以及荧光蛋白等的理化性质、作用原理,并对应用荧光标记探索植物花粉管构造及生长特性的研究进展进行了综述.     

Action of mercurials on the active and passive transport properties of sarcoplasmic reticulum

The effect of Hg²⁺ and Ch₃-Hg⁺ on the passive and active transport properties of the Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase-rich fraction of skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is reported. The agents abolish active transport, at 10^–5 and 10^–4 M concentrations, respectively. Addition of the mercurials was also shown to release actively accumulated Ca²⁺. The mercurials increase the passive Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ permeability in the absence of ATP at the same concentrations at which they inhibit transport. It is proposed that both effects are the result of direct binding of the mercurials to the SH groups of the Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase pump, altering the conformational equilibria of the pump. The agents were also shown to increase the passive KCl permeability. The SR preparation consists of two vesicle populations with respect to K⁺ permeability, one with rapid KCl equilibration faciliated by a monovalent cation channel function and one with slow KCl equilibration. The mercurials increase the rates of KCl equilibration in both fractions, but produce higher rates in the fraction containing the channel function. The results are discussed in terms of pump and channel function and are compared with results for the electrical behavior of the Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase and other SR proteins in black lipid membranes, as presented by others.     

Dynamic changes of [Ca2+]i in cerebellar granule cells exposed to pulsed electric fields

Intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) in embryonic chick cerebellar granule cells loaded with fluo-3/AM and exposed to a single pulsed electric field was investigated using a confocal laser scanning microscope and fluorescent microscope equipped with CCD video imaging system. The results showed that [Ca²⁺]_i increased immediately and rose to the peak rapidly as the cells exposed to a single pulsed electric field. The amplitude and rate of the increases of [Ca²⁺]_i depend on the intensity of external electric field. In the presence of Ca²⁺ chelant EGTA or Ca²⁺ channels blocker La³⁺ in the pulsation solutions, the increase of [Ca²⁺]_i was still observable. It was also observed that [Ca²⁺]_i of different intracellular areas in the cell elevated simultaneously while the peak of the increase of [Ca²⁺]_i in the poles of the cell preceded to the peak in its somata and recovered to a plateau within a short time.     

细胞外钙调素对百合花粉细胞内钙离子浓度的影响

以川百合（Lilium davidii Duchartre)花粉为材料,利用低温装载法在完整花粉粒中成功地装置了酯化形式的钙离子荧光指示剂fluo-3AM,利用激光共聚焦显微技术研究了细胞外钙调素对细胞内游离钙离子浓度的影响,结果发现外源纯化钙调素可以使细胞内游离钙离子的浓度升高,在一定范围内促进效果与钙调素浓度呈正相关。不能透过细胞膜的钙调素拮抗剂Ｗ７－agarose和植物钙调素抗血清处理都可 使花粉细胞质中游离钙离子浓度降低,表明内源细胞外钙调素可能在维持和促进花粉细胞质中游离离子方面具有重要作用。     

Effect of Extracellular Calmodulin on the Cytosolic Ca2+ Concentration in Lily Pollen Grains

Using Lilium davidii Duchartre pollen as material, the calcium ion-fluorescence indicator fluo-3AM was loaded successfully into the pollen grains by low temperature loading method. Laser confocal scanning microscopy was used to study the effect of extracellular calmodulin on intracellular calcium. It is found that the purified exogenous calmodulin could elevate the intracellular calcium ion concentration, and the effect was correlated with the concentration of exogenous calmodulin to a certain extent. Cell membrane nonpermeable inhibitor of calmodulin, W 7-agarose, and the anti-serum of calmodulin could decrease the cytosolic calcium level. The results show that the endogenous extracellular calmodulin may play an important role in maintaining and increasing the cytosolic calcium level in pollen grain cell.     

Effect of ATP/ADP/phosphate potential on the maximal steady-state uptake of Ca2+ by skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum

The ability of the Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺ ATPase pump of skeletal SR to produce and maintain a Ca²⁺ gradient was studied as a function of the ATP/ADP/P_i ratio. The internal free Ca²⁺ concentration [Ca²⁺]_i was monitored by changes in fluorescence of CTC. Increasing ADP concentrations in the medium reduce the maximal [Ca²⁺]_i concentration achieved. The inclusion or the omission of 4×10^–4 M P_i or doubling the absolute ATP and ADP concentrations at a constant ATP/ADP ratio does not affect the level obtained. The level depends primarily on the ATP/ADP ratio. The [Ca²⁺] concentration shows a 1.5 power dependence on the ATP/ADP ratio. Further, [Ca²⁺]_i achieved at steady state does not depend on whether the pump had been working in the forward or the reverse direction prior to testing. Analysis shows that the levels of Ca²⁺ achieved are much lower than the levels predicted thermodynamically under the assumption of ideal coupling between Ca²⁺ transport and ATP hydrolysis with a stoichiometry of 2:1. Under this condition the osmotic energy of the [Ca²⁺]_i/[Ca²⁺]_o ratio was shown to be 48% as large as the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP, giving an overall thermodynamic efficiency of 48%. Analysis shows that maximal steady-state uptake is determined by the balance between the rates of uptake by the pump and rates of leak processes (intrinsic or extrinsic to the pump). Comparison with other studies shows that the [Ca²⁺]_i achieved results in trans-inhibition of the pump by tying up the Ca²⁺ translocator in the inwardly oriented phosphorylated form. The absence of an effect of P_i can be taken as evidence that the dissociation of Ca²⁺ from the inwardly oriented translocator on the phosphoylated enzyme must precede the dephosphorylation of the enzyme.     

内钙拮抗剂TMB-8对白皮松花粉管细胞壁构建的影响

应用荧光显微技术、激光共聚焦扫描显微技术、单克隆抗体免疫荧光标记技术以及傅里叶变换显微红外光谱分析(FTIR)等手段,研究了内钙拮抗剂TMB-8对白皮松花粉管胞内Ca2+分布、花粉管生长以及细胞肇构建等的影响.结果表明,白皮松花粉管经TMB-8处理后,胞内的Ca2+浓度下降,花粉管内典型的Ca2+浓度梯度消失,花粉萌发...     

Effect of Na3VO4 and membrane potential on the structure of sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane

Summary Two-dimensional crystalline arrays of Ca²⁺-ATPase molecules develop after treatment of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles with Na₃VO₄ in a Ca²⁺-free medium. The influence of membrane potential upon the rate of crystallization was studied by ion substitution using oxonol VI and 3,3-diethyl-2,2-thiadicarbocyanine (Di–S–C₂(5)) to monitor inside positive or inside negative membrane, potentials, respectively. Positive transmembrane potential accelerates the rate of crystallization of Ca²⁺-ATPase, while negative potential disrupts preformed Ca²⁺-ATPase crystals, suggesting an influence of transmembrane potential upon the conformation of Ca²⁺-ATPase.     

Effect of calmodulin on sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+-transport in the aging heart

Heart failure is common among the elderly and an alteration in myocardial Ca²⁺ transport is believed to be involved in its depressed contractile performance. Although ATP-dependent sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) Ca²⁺ transport has been reported to decrease in old hearts, virtually nothing appears to be known about the Ca²⁺ pump activity of SR in aging myocardium in the presence of calmodulin, one of its endogenous activators. In this study, the activity of the Ca²⁺ pump of aging cardiac SR was assessed in the presence of this endogenous stimulator. This assessment was therefore designed to give additional information about the status of this enzyme in old hearts. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used and were divided into 3 groups: young (4–6 months old); middle-aged (15–17 months old) and old age (24–25 months old). Purified SR membranes were isolated from ventricular tissues. ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ accumulation by membrane vesicles of middle-aged and old hearts was significantly depressed in comparison to young hearts at all Ca²⁺ concentrations employed in the absence and presence of calmodulin. The activity of this Ca²⁺ transporter was similar in middle-aged and old hearts even in the presence of calmodulin. These results suggest that the activity of the Ca²⁺ pump in SR of aging hearts is depressed even in the presence of calmodulin.C. E. Heyliger is a Scholar of the British Columbia Heart Foundation.     

Effect of hypercholesterolemia on myocardial function in New Zealand white rabbits

Although hypercholesterolemia is a well-known risk factor for atherosclerosis, little is known about the effect of hypercholesterolemia on cardiac contractile function. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of hypercholesterolemia on myocardial contractility. Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were fed standard chow (control group) and another 15 were fed a cholesterolenriched diet (HC group) for 12 weeks. The contractile response of ventricular muscle strips was measured in various extracellular calcium concentrations and at different pacing rates. The whole-cell calcium current recording, and mRNA and protein levels of cellular calcium-handling proteins were also analyzed. With 2 mM Ca²⁺ and stimulation at 3 Hz, the contractile force of HC strips was less than that of the controls (3.63±0.20 vs. 4.61±0.50 mN, p<0.05). The time to peak tension was longer for HC strips (93.3±2.16 vs. 82.2±2.81 ms, p < 0.05). The peak L-type calcium inward current density was slightly higher in HC myocytes but did not reach statistical significance (–14.90±0.94 vs. –12.44±0.84 pA/pF, p=0.15). The mRNA level of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase (SERCA), normalized to GAPDH, was significantly lower in the HC than that in the control group (2.85±0.14 vs. 7.67±0.67, p<0.05), as was the ryanodine receptor (RyR; 0.42±0.06 vs. 0.71±0.13, p<0.05). The mRNA of the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger (NCX) was statistically higher in the HC group (0.90±0.12 vs. 0.48±0.05, p<0.05). Western blot experiments revealed that protein expression of SERCA in the HC strips decreased, but that of the NCX increased. The protein expression of the dihydropyridine receptor was similar between these two groups. We concluded that hypercholesterolemia results in suppression of the maximal contractile function and in a longer systolic contractile time course. These changes may partially be mediated through a decrease in SERCA and RyR but an increase in NCX expression.