双歧杆菌属特异性定量引物的设计及验证

【目的】旨在设计一对双歧杆菌属特异性引物以检测不同样品中低丰度双歧杆菌的含量。【方法】在NCBI中下载57株双歧杆菌全基因组序列,以其共有单拷贝核心基因为目的片段设计双歧杆菌属特异性引物;并对引物进行PCR初筛和特异性复筛;之后借助ddPCR(Droplet Digital PCR,微滴式数字PCR)依次对筛选出的引物进行特异性、灵敏度和实用性验证。【结果】引物Bif-D-9特异性最好,可扩增出4株双歧杆菌而不能扩增20株非双歧杆菌中的任何一株菌;同时通过ddPCR仪定量稀释后的DNA,其扩增结果呈线性下降趋势,证明其灵敏度较好;另外,Bif-D-9结合ddPCR定量出婴儿粪便中双歧杆菌的拷贝数为71 copies/μL,母亲粪便中双歧杆菌的拷贝数为2.7 copies/μL,证明了该方法的实用性。【结论】引物Bif-D-9具有双歧杆菌属特异性,且灵敏度较高、实用性较好,适用于复杂样品中双歧杆菌属定量。     

属特异性T-RFLP技术用于乳酸杆菌的群落分析

【目的】设计乳酸杆菌属特异性T-RFLP技术(末端限制性片段长度多态性分析)对14株乳酸杆菌进行分型。【方法】采用源于16S-23S rRNA基因间隔区序列的乳酸杆菌属特异性引物LAB-rev,乳酸杆菌的属特异性引物,6-FAM荧光标记后结合16S上游通用引物7f用于乳酸杆菌的PCR扩增。【结果】选取HaeⅢ和HhaⅠ进行限制性酶切,最后对酶切后的产物末端测序得到T-RFLP峰谱图,该图谱能够快速准确地对不同种的乳酸杆菌进行定性、定量的分析。【结论】实验成功搭建T-RFLP技术用于微生态环境中乳酸杆菌检测的平台,对于在功能性食品、乳酸饮料和药物对肠道微生态的影响及菌种鉴定等领域有重大意义。     

特异性单引物PCR

建立特异性单引物PCR,并用于筛选基因克隆重组子。根据α－globin的一段序列设计引物,按照设计好的特性单引物PCR扩增条有α－globin的重组质粒PLNSX－aglobin,具体扩增条件如下：（1）97℃5min变性后,94℃30s,70℃2min30s,30个循环,制备单链模板;（2）94℃1min,12℃5min,16℃3min,18℃3min,20℃3min,22℃3min,25℃1min,30℃3min,37℃3min,72℃6min,低温条件下引物3′端4－5个碱基与所扩单链模板退火配对,扩增得到一系列不同起始位点但同一序列末端长短一的核酸片段;（3）以上述所得片段为模版进行如下条件的扩增：94℃30min,70℃2min,70℃2min,72℃2min,每个循环增加1s）,45个循环。结果,特异性单引物PCR能够从pLNSX－αglobin上扩增出特异带,可有效用于筛选基因克隆重组子。     

PCR引物特异性核查系统(PSC)的构建与应用

聚合酶链式反应(PCR)虽已广泛用于分子生物学研究中,然而PCR实验中的非特异性产物问题将直接影响PCR的效率,在多重PCR实验中更是如此。为了最大限度地降低非特异性产物的出现率,同时避免用户频繁使用Blast比对检查非特异性,我们开发了基于NCBI-Blast的引物评估和模板DNA特异性结合能力评估的核查系统PSC(Primer Specificity Checking,http://biocompute.bmi.ac.cn/PSC),并基于虚拟PCR实验确定了用于引物质量核查计算的多种参数,能够在线提供多个物种的引物特异性核查结果。该系统可以有效地对引物序列可能产生的所有非特异性扩增进行预测,有助于实验前引物优化或者对非特异扩增结果进行解释,最终达到提高PCR效率的目的。     

双歧杆菌属特异性测序引物筛选及优化

【背景】目前双歧杆菌的益生功能被普遍认可,越来越多的研究开始关注肠道中双歧杆菌的生物多样性。然而双歧杆菌是肠道中的低丰度物种,现有技术尚难以深入研究其多样性。【目的】基于双歧杆菌16SrRNA基因序列筛选一对适用于分析粪便样品中低丰度双歧杆菌属多样性的特异性引物。【方法】依据已有引物的相对位置及其与双歧杆菌属16S rRNA基因序列的匹配率,将引物重组优化得到扩增片段800 bp的双歧杆菌属特异性引物;通过PCR扩增和琼脂糖凝胶电泳对引物进行实验筛选和特异性验证;以细菌通用引物(27f/1492r)为参照,通过单分子实时(Single-molecule real-time,SMRT)测序技术对不同引物的3份粪便样品中细菌的DNA扩增子进行测序,在种水平上分析比较不同引物的优劣。【结果】对文献中已有的9对双歧杆菌特异性引物进行重组并优化,其中2对引物的理论特异性较好且扩增产物大于800 bp,它们分别为Bif164-f/Pbi R2和Pbi F1/Pbi R2。PCR扩增和琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验发现,Bif164-f/Pbi R2的扩增条带明亮且无拖尾。此外,利用SMRT测序平台对引物27f/1492r和Bif164-f/Pbi R2的3份粪便样品中细菌的DNA扩增子进行测序并分析。27f/1492r扩增子的分析结果显示,3份样品依次分别含1、3、4个双歧杆菌种且双歧杆菌的平均相对含量为0.34%;而Bif164-f/Pbi R2扩增子的分析结果显示,3份样品依次分别含2、6和8个双歧杆菌种且双歧杆菌的平均相对含量为98.72%。上述结果表明,Bif164-f/Pbi R2可在种水平上特异地检出粪便中低丰度的双歧杆菌,进而实现样品中双歧杆菌的多样性分析。【结论】筛选出一对双歧杆菌特异性引物Bif164-f/PbiR2,可在种水平上分析粪便样品中低丰度双歧杆菌的生物多样性,同时也验证了理论结合实验进行引物筛选这种方法的可行性。     

猕猴桃6个LOX基因家族成员实时定量PCR引物特异性的检测与应用

从基因家族成员的视角开展基因表达研究是阐明基因功能的重要组成内容,实时定量PCR（QPCR）技术是分析基因表达的有效手段.以猕猴桃脂氧合酶（LOX）基因家族6个成员为对象,分析了引物特异性的检测方法.该方法整合了熔点曲线分析、琼脂糖电泳、交叉PCR扩增和PCR产物测序等分析手段,有效消除其他成员的交叉扩增干扰,为利用QPCR检测基因家族成员表达提供了特异、准确与可行的途径.     

类群特异性PCR引物设计与评估

本文以真核藻类18SrDNA类群特异性PCR引物的设计与评估为例,详细介绍了如何利用Primrose等一系列程序设计类群特异性PCR引物并评估其敏感性与特异性,并对这一方法的优势与应用类群特异性PCR引物进行群落多样性分析需要注意的问题进行了讨论。     

苎麻叶绿体SSR引物筛选及分析

叶绿体微卫星标记为单亲遗传(除部分裸子植物外),有独立的进化路线,它在植物遗传多样性、群体遗传结构、系统发育分析及杂种鉴定等研究上用途广泛,是研究谱系地理的有效手段。苎麻的主产地和主要分布区均在我国,但其谱系地理研究目前尚未见有报道。该研究选择来自全国不同地区的52个苎麻样本,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,在23对已知通用叶绿体SSR引物中筛选出适用于苎麻谱系地理研究的SSR引物,并利用筛选到的多态引物对52个苎麻样本进行聚类分析和单倍型网络图分析。结果表明:从23对通用引物中共筛选出16对适用于苎麻的多态引物,其平均多态信息含量为0.1053,虽然以上引物多态性较低,但能够用于野生苎麻的遗传分析研究;这52个苎麻样本聚为10支,分为8个单倍型,初步分析表明叶绿体SSR遗传变异速率较慢,不适用于苎麻种内的系统发育研究,但以上引物能够检测苎麻种内单倍型变异,可用于苎麻的谱系地理研究。     

葡萄SRAP反应体系优化及引物筛选

本试验利用L16(45)正交试验设计探寻葡萄SRAP-PCR反应体系中的关键因子,同时结合单因素试验简单、快捷的特点逐个对PCR反应体系的主要成分进行优化.充分利用两种方法的优点并降低试验工作量取得了较好的效果,建立了适于葡萄的SRAP反应体系.结果表明Mg2+浓度为影响葡萄SRAP-PCR反应的关键因素:优化的20 μL SRAP-PCR反应体系中各组分的最适含量为:10×Buffer 2.0μL,Mg2+2.5mmol/L,dNTPs 0.3 mmol/L,引物0.4 μmol/L,DNA聚合酶1.0 U,模板DNA 1.0 ng/L.利用SRAP反应体系,从100对SRAP引物组合中筛选出扩增稳定,条带清晰,多态性好的引物19对.本研究建立的适于葡萄SRAP-PCR扩增的反应体系,将为葡萄种质遗传多样性评价、基因组分析、指纹图谱构建,分子标记辅助育种和遗传改良研究提供基础.     

高效组成型分泌表达木素过氧化物酶酿酒酵母工程菌的构建

【目的】为了获得高产木素过氧化物酶酿酒酵母工程菌。【方法】本研究从黄孢原毛平革菌中克隆了木素过氧化物酶(lignin peroxidases,LiP)基因,全长2193 bp,编码371个氨基酸,并与来源于酿酒酵母的PGK启动子序列、来源于pPIC9K质粒的α-信号肽序列以及来源于pSH65质粒的CYC1终止子序列通过重叠延伸PCR构建完整表达盒(PαLiC),利用rDNA整合法构建木素过氧化物酶酿酒酵母表达载体,实现木素过氧化物酶在酿酒酵母中的多拷贝表达。利用数字微滴PCR技术对拷贝数进行鉴定,探究拷贝数与蛋白表达量之间的关系。【结果】通过rDNA整合法得到拷贝数为1、2、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12和13的木素过氧化物酶酿酒酵母工程菌,通过对其酶活测定,表明当拷贝数为7时,酶活力最高,为367U/L。【结论】本研究在酿酒酵母中表达了木素过氧化物酶,研究了其基因拷贝数与酶活性的关系,对木质素降解技术的发展具有重要意义。     

Identification and differentiation of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium species in fermented milk products with bifidobacteria

The aim of this study was to identify and discriminate bacteria contained in commercial fermented milks with bifidobacteria by the use of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques. ARDRA of the 16S rDNA gene and RAPD were performed on 13 Lactobacillus strains, 13 Streptococcus and 13 Bifidobacterium strains isolated from commercial fermented milk. Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis isolates were identified by genus- and species-PCR and also, they were differentiated at genus and species level by ARDRA using MwoI restriction enzyme. The ARDRA technique allowed for the discrimination among these three related genus with the use of only one restriction enzyme, since distinctive profiles were obtained for each genus. Therefore it can be a simple, rapid and useful method for routine identification. Also, RAPD technique allowed the discrimination of all bacteria contained in dairy products, at genus- and strain-level by the performance of one PCR reaction.     

Preventive and therapeutic administration of an indigenous <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus</Emphasis> sp. strain against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Proteus mirabilis</Emphasis> ascending urinary tract infection in a mouse model

Probiotics are increasingly being considered as non-pharmaceutical and safe potential alternatives for the treatment and prevention of a variety of pathologies including urinary tract infections. These are the most common infections in medical practice and are frequently treated with antibiotics, which have generated an intense selective pressure over bacterial populations. Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of urinary tract infections in catheterised patients and people with abnormalities of the urinary tract. In this work we isolated, identified and characterised an indigenous Lactobacillus murinus strain (LbO2) from the vaginal tract of a female mouse. In vitro characterisation of LbO2 included acid and bile salts tolerance, growth in urine, adherence to uroepithelial cells and in vitro antimicrobial activity. The selected strain showed interesting properties, suitable for its use as a probiotic. The ability of LbO2 to prevent and even treat ascending P. mirabilis urinary tract infection was assessed using an experimental model in the mouse. Kidney and bladder P. mirabilis counts were significantly lower in mice preventively treated with the probiotic than in non-treated mice. When LbO2 was used for therapeutic treatment, bladder counts of treated mice were significantly lower although no significant differences were detected in P. mirabilis kidney colonisation of treated and non-treated animals. These results are encouraging and prompt further research related to probiotic strains and the basis of their effects for their use in human and animal health.     

Determination of the isotope distribution in malate-14C with fumarase-negative lactic acid bacteria

No fumarase activity could be found in whole cells or in cell-free crude extracts from Leuconostoc mesenteroides or Lactobacillus curvatus. The degradation of l-malate-4-¹⁴C by these organisms yielded more than 95% of the label as ¹⁴CO₂. It is therefore recommended that these organisms, rather than Lactobacillus plantarum, should be used in the determination of isotope distribution in l-malate-¹⁴C, since L. plantarum exhibits a significant fumarase activity and thus randomizes malate prior to the decarboxylation of this substance by the malolactic enzyme.     

Lactic acid bacteria in fermented foods in Thailand

Traditional fermented foods (fish, meat and vegetable products), produced by many different processes, are eaten in many parts of Thailand. Lactic acid bacteria are responsible for the souring and ripening of these foods. Homofermentative strains of Lactobacillus pentosus, L. plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus are dominant in foods with low salt concentrations whereas P. halophilus strains are present in foods containing high salt. Strains of Lactobacillus sake, other Lactobacillus spp., P. acidilactici and P. urinaeequi are frequently found. Heterofermentative strains of L. brevis, L. confusus, L. fermentum, L. vaccinostercus, other Lactobacillus spp., and of Leuconostoc spp. are distributed as minor bacteria and strains of Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Halobacterium are occasionally isolated.S. Tanasupawat is with the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; K. Komagata is with the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan.     

人生殖道源乳酸杆菌的筛选及在小鼠阴道假丝酵母病模型中的应用评价

【目的】分离筛选人阴道环境中具有益生特性的乳酸杆菌,探索外阴阴道假丝酵母病的益生菌疗法。【方法】利用含1%碳酸钙的de Man,Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS)培养基从无症状育龄女性阴道分泌物中分离乳酸杆菌,采用共培养方法评价其对白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)的抑制作用,通过对乳酸杆菌的耐酸性能、体外聚集特性和黏附能力测试考察其益生特性,并进行乳酸杆菌株功能化组合。通过构建小鼠外阴阴道假丝酵母病模型,初步探索乳酸杆菌株组合对C. albicans的抑制作用。【结果】从53个样品中分离得到19株乳酸杆菌,筛选获得4株乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus crispatus ZH08、L. fermentumZH09、L. fermentum ZH11和L. crispatus ZH17)具有较强抑制C. albicans生长的能力。4株乳酸杆菌均能耐受低pH环境,能快速降低培养液pH。其中2株L. fermentum具有更强的抑制活性,能在24 h内快速抑制C. albicans生长,抑制率可达到95%以上;另2株L. crispatus具有更强的聚集特性和...