The relationship between serum nitrate and endothelin-1 concentrations in preeclampsia

Recently it was suggested that abnormal endothelial function may contribute to the pathophysiological changes observed in preeclampsia (PE). Both nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) are vasoactive substances produced by endothelial cells. NO is a vasodilator and has been believed to be decreased in PE. ET-1 is a vasoconstrictor and has been reported to be increased in PE. We simultaneously measured NO metabolites and ET-1 in sera from women with PE and investigated the correlation of NO and ET-1 concentrations. We obtained serum samples from 11 healthy nonpregnant (NP) women, 16 normotensive pregnant (NTP) women and 17 women with PE. In this study, the serum ET-1 level was assayed by the ET-1 RIA system, and serum NO metabolites were assayed by measuring nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) simultaneously in an HPLC-Griess reaction system. There was a significant correlation between NOx (nitrite + nitrate) and ET-1 in sera from all 44 women (NP, NTP and PE groups) (p<0.001). Nitrite and ET- in sera from each group were not significantly correlated. Nitrate and ET-1 in sera from the NP and NTP groups did not significantly correlate. However, there was a significant correlation between nitrate and ET-1 in sera from the PE group (p<0.05). The serum ET-1 and nitrate concentration in the PE group was significantly higher than in the NP and NTP groups (p<0.05 and p<0.001. respectively). These findings suggest that increased production of nitrate in PE may contribute to homeostatic vasodilation against vasoconstriction caused by a higher ET-1 concentration.     

Follicular waves during the oestrous cycle in Nili-Ravi buffaloes undergoing spontaneous and PGF2alpha-induced luteolysis

The objective of this study was to characterize the follicular waves and associated ovarian events during spontaneous and PGF(2alpha)-induced oestrous cycles in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. In Exp. 1, (n=13 oestrous cycles) follicular and luteal development was monitored by ultrasonography and jugular blood samples were collected simultaneously on alternate days. Of 12 oestrous cycles, 9 (75%) had two waves of follicular activity and only 3 (25%) had three waves. The mean (+/-S.E.M.) length of the oestrous cycle was shorter (P<0.05) in buffaloes with two waves than in those with three waves (21.2+/-0.1 days versus 22.8+/-0.1 days). In Exp. 2, follicular dynamics were compared in buffaloes undergoing spontaneous (n=12 oestrous cycles) and PGF(2alpha)-induced (n=9) regression of the corpus luteum (CL). The dynamics of ovulatory follicular growth during the 3 days before oestrus were similar (P>0.05) in buffaloes undergoing spontaneous and PGF(2alpha)-induced luteolysis. These results show that (1) the majority of buffaloes had a two wave pattern of follicular growth and emergence of a third wave was associated with a longer luteal phase, and (2) follicular dynamics during the 3 days before oestrus were similar in buffaloes undergoing spontaneous and PGF(2alpha)-induced luteolysis.     

17β—雌二醇下调血管平滑肌内皮素A型受体的表达

为进一步探讨雌激素对心血管的保护作用,实验在双侧卵巢去势大鼠模型和培养的血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs)上,观察17β－雌二醇（E2）对血管反应性及VSMCs增殖的影响,以RT－PCR和Western blot检测内皮素受体（ETAR）的表达,结果显示：去势雌性大鼠血管对内皮素（ET－1）的反应性明显增高,ETAR特异性受体阻断剂BQ123能完全阻断ET－1对VSMCs增殖的影响,E2能明显抑制ET－1对VSMCs增殖的作用,RT－PCR结果显示E2能抑制ETAR mRNA的表达,Western blot进一步证实E2能抑制ETAR蛋白表达,E2受体阻断剂Tamoxifen能部分抑制ET－1对VSMCs的增殖及ETAR的mRNA和蛋白 的表达。以上结果提示;ET－1促VSMCs增殖的效应主要是由ETAR介导的,雌激素能通过下调ETAR来抑制ET－1对VSMCs 促增殖的作用和血管对ET－1的反应,且此作用与雌激素受体有关。     

Correlation between follicular fluid content and the results of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. III. Proteoglycans

Using a specific proteoglycan (PG) radioimmunoassay (RIA) in which human cartilage antiserum was directed against the PG protein core, the PG content of follicular fluid (FF) obtained from 42 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) was studied as a function of IVF-ET outcome. Inhibition curves of purified PG cartilage preparations were parallel to those of large and small nonstimulated follicles and follicles that had been stimulated by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, d-tryptophan-6 (Decapeptyl: D-Trp6 analogue, Beaufour Laboratories, IPSEN Biotech, Paris, France), and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). While FF levels of immunoreactive PG-like material (Ir-PG) did not differ according to IVF-ET outcome, highly significant negative correlations were obtained between FF 17 beta-estradiol levels and FF Ir-PG levels in oocyte groups where pregnancy was obtained, i.e., oocytes were fertilized and cleaved, and pregnancy followed either for each ET or for one of two embryos reimplanted. The correlation persisted but weakened when all groups were pooled together. No correlation was observed between FF Ir-PG and progesterone. RIA or bioassay showed a positive correlation between FF inhibin and Ir-PG for the group in which each ET led to a pregnancy. Ir-PG concentrations were significantly greater in smaller than in larger follicles collected from untreated women. Upon induction of ovulation with either pure follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), FSH + human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), or D-Trp6/hMG + hCG, this difference no longer appeared. These results indicate that the reduction of Ir-PG concentrations constitutes an index of follicular maturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Impact of NO on ET-1- and AM-induced inotropic responses: potentiation by combined administration

We characterize herein the impact of myocardial nitric oxide (NO) synthesis on the inotropic response to two cardioactive peptides, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adrenomedullin (AM). In the isolated perfused rat heart preparation, intracoronary infusion of AM (0.03 and 1 nmol/l) and ET-1 (0.08 and 1 nmol/l) for 30 min induced a dose-dependent, gradual increase in developed tension, the maximal responses being equal. Inhibition of myocardial NO synthase (NOS) by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 300 micromol/l) enhanced the inotropic response to ET-1 at a concentration of 1 nmol/l; meanwhile, the effect of AM was not augmented significantly. The inotropic response to simultaneous administration of low, equipotent doses of AM (0.03 nmol/l) and ET-1 (0.08 nmol/l) was significantly smaller than that of either peptide alone. This depressed response was more than overcome by concomitant administration of L-NAME. In conclusion, this study reveals that the maximal inotropic response to ET-1 can be augmented by inhibition of myocardial NOS, whereas it has only a minor impact on the effect of AM. The inotropic response to combined administration of low doses of AM and ET-1 is substantially suppressed by endogenous NO, whereas the individual effects of the peptides at these doses are not the subject of secondary modulation by NO.     

AM reverses pressor response to ET-1 independently of NO in rat coronary circulation

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) elicits a vasoconstrictor response via ET(A) receptors, whereas simultaneous activation of ET(B) receptors triggers the release of nitric oxide (NO), which may limit the constrictor effect of ET-1. Recently, stimulation of ET(B) receptors has been shown to increase the secretion of adrenomedullin (AM), a newly identified vasorelaxing peptide. The present study was designed to see whether AM can oppose the vasoconstrictor response to ET-1. In the isolated perfused paced rat heart preparation, infusion of ET-1 at concentrations of 1 nmol/l for 30 min induced a significant coronary vasoconstriction, whereas it had no effect on perfusion pressure at a dose of 0.08 nmol/l. N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 300 micromol/l), a potent inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS), did not change the perfusion pressure when added alone to the perfusion fluid but it unmasked the constrictor effect of ET-1 at both concentrations. In the presence of L-NAME, AM (0.03 to 1 nmol/l) markedly reversed the pressor response to ET-1 at both concentrations. Administration of AM (0.03 and 1 nmol/l) alone resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in perfusion pressure, which was not modified in the presence of L-NAME. In conclusion, the coronary vasoconstrictor response to ET-1 is markedly augmented in the presence of a NOS inhibitor. This constrictor response is substantially reversed by AM. Our results indicate that AM may serve as a paracrine modulator of ET-1-induced vasoconstriction independently of the NO pathway.     

Follicular fluid steroid levels in relation to oocyte maturity and in vitro fertilization

Steroid levels in follicular fluid (FF) obtained from stimulated ovaries in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) were measured by capillary gas chromatography. The correlation between these levels and the maturity of the oocyte, judged from the morphology of the oocyte corona cumulus complex (OCCC) and the fertilizability of the oocytes was analysed. Oocyte maturity was associated with higher FF levels of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone. Follicular fluids containing oocytes that became fertilized had significantly higher levels of 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and progesterone and lower levels of androstenedione. Of all the steroids determined, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone provides the most significant group differences. Enhanced 20 alpha-dihydrogenation in the presence of decreased 16 alpha- and 17-hydroxylation appears to be an important characteristic of the ultimate ripening stages and early luteinization, at least in stimulated cycles.     

In vitro effect of vitellogenin on steroid production by ovarian follicles of greenback flounder Rhombosolea tapirina

Ovarian follicles from vitellogenic greenback flounder (Rhombosolea tapirina) were incubated in L15 medium alone, or containing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) or the steroid precursors testosterone (T), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17P) and androstenedione (A) in the presence of vitellogenin (Vtg) at 0.1-5.0mg mL(-)(1). Medium concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) and T were measured by radioimmunoassay. HCG generally stimulated follicular E(2) but not T production, whereas 17P, A and T stimulated production of E(2), T, and E(2) respectively. Treatment of follicles with dbcAMP inhibited follicular E(2) production, but increased follicular T production at high doses. The effect of low concentrations of Vtg on follicular steroid production was variable; however, higher doses of Vtg significantly suppressed basal, hCG-, dbcAMP- and steroid precursor-stimulated follicular E(2) and T production. The results of this study show that high concentrations of Vtg may suppress follicular steroid production by interfering in the steroidogenic pathway. This suggests that Vtg may regulate its own production by limiting the ovarian production of E(2).     

Ovarian morphology and the concentration of steroids, and of gonadotrophins during the breeding season in ewes actively immunized against oestradiol-17 beta or oestrone

Ewes were actively immunized against oestrone-6-(O-carboxymethyl)-oxime-bovine serum albumin, 17 beta-oestradiol-6-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime-bovine serum albumin or bovine serum albumin (controls). All 4 control ewes, 1 of 5 oestradiol-immunized ewes and 1 of 5 oestrone-immunized ewes had regular oestrous cycles. The other animals displayed oestrus irregularly or remained anoestrous. The plasma concentrations of LH and, to a lesser degree, FSH were increased relative to those in control ewes on Days 11-12 after oestrus or a similar total period after progestagen treatment in ewes not showing oestrus. The ovaries were examined and jugular venous blood, ovarian venous blood and follicular fluid were collected at laparotomy on Days 9-10 of the oestrous cycle. The ovaries of immunized ewes were heavier than those of control ewes. There were no CL in 5 of the immunized ewes but in the other 5 there were more CL than in the control ewes. Ovaries from 4 of 5 oestrone-immunized ewes contained luteinized follicles, while ovaries from 4 of 5 oestradiol-immunized ewes contained very large follicles with a degenerated granulosa and a hyperplastic theca interna. Both types of follicles produced progesterone, detectable in ovarian venous plasma and production of other steroids, particularly androstenedione, was also increased. The steroid-binding capacity of plasma was increased in the immunized ewes. The binding capacity of follicular fluid for oestradiol-17 beta and oestrone was similar to that of jugular venous plasma from the same ewes. These results suggest that immunization against oestrogens disrupts reproductive function by interfering with the feedback mechanisms controlling gonadotrophin secretion.     

Changes in plasma adrenomedullin levels during the menstrual cycle

We investigated whether the levels of adrenomedullin, a novel peptide produced by several tissues, including the pituitary gland, change during the ovarian cycle. We studied 13 healthy women with regular menstrual cycles. Plasma samples were collected at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of the ovarian cycle and assayed for adrenomedullin 1-52 using a specific RIA. LH, FSH, 17beta-estradiol, and progesterone concentrations were also determined. The adrenomedullin profile during ovarian cycle was similar to that of LH; plasma adrenomedullin increased from 10.9 pg/ml at the 7th day to 15.1 pg/ml at the 14th, and decreased to 8.5 pg/ml in the subsequent menses. The changes in plasma adrenomedullin were related to changes in LH and 17beta-estradiol. The cause of the increase in adrenomedullin levels during the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is not clear. Since it has been demonstrated that adrenomedullin is involved in the regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland and its secretion is regulated by sex hormones we speculate that adrenomedullin could also play a role in regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback. Alternatively it may be involved in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis during the menstrual cycle.     

血清胆红素、NO、ET-1、VEGF水平联合检测对冠心病诊断价值

摘要 目的：探讨血清胆红素、一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素-1（ET-1）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平联合检测对冠心病（CHD）的诊断价值。方法：选取2019年12月至2020年12月在我院治疗的冠心病患者65例作为观察组;另选取同期参与健康体检的60例健康人群作为对照组。对所有患者总胆红素水平（TBIL）、直接胆红素水平（DBIL）、NO、ET-1、VEGF表达水平进行检测,计算间接胆红素水平（IBIL）,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）比较血清胆红素、VEGF、ET-1和NO单独和联合检测对冠心病的诊断价值,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析法分析冠心病的影响因素。结果：与对照组相比,观察组患者血清IBIL、DBIL、TBIL、VEGF和NO检测结果均显著降低,ET-1检测结果显著升高（P＜0.05）。血清胆红素、VEGF、ET-1和NO对冠心病联合检测的AUC值显著高于单独检测值（P＜0.05）。观察组患者高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟、肥胖的发生率明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟、肥胖、血清胆红素、VEGF、ET-1和NO均可作为评估冠心病的危险因素,其中血清检测指标的关联强度依次为ET-1、VEGF、NO、胆红素（P＜0.05）。结论：冠心病患者血清胆红素代谢异常,血管内皮功能指标紊乱,是导致患者动脉粥样硬化的重要原因。血清胆红素、NO、ET-1、VEGF水平联合检测对冠心病诊断效能明显优于单个指标,且可作为冠心病发病风险的有效指标。     

A possible dual mechanism of the anovulatory action of antiprogesterone RU486 in the rat

The purpose of these experiments was to investigate the mechanism of the anovulatory action of antiprogesterone RU486 (RU486) in rats by studying its effects on follicular growth, secretion of gonadotropins and ovarian steroids, and ovulation. Rats with 4-day estrous cycles received injections (s.c.) of either 0.2 ml oil or 0.1, 1, or 5 mg of RU486 at 0800 and 1600 h on metestrus, diestrus, and proestrus. At the same times, they were bled by jugular venipuncture to determine serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 17 beta-estradiol (E), and progesterone (P). On the morning of the day after proestrus, ovulation and histological features of the ovary were recorded. Rats from each group were killed on each day of ovarian cycle to assess follicular development. Rats treated similarly were decapitated at the time of the ovulatory LH surge and blood was collected to measure LH. The serum levels of LH increased and those of FSH decreased during diestrus in rats treated with RU486. Neither E nor P levels differed among the groups. Treatment with RU486 caused both a blockade of the ovulation and an increase in ovarian weight in a dose-dependent manner. At the time of the autopsy (the expected day of ovulation), rats treated with 1 mg RU486 had ovaries presenting both normal and post-ovulatory follicles and unruptured luteinized follicles. Rats treated with 5 mg RU486 presented post-ovulatory follicles without signs of luteinization. The number of follicles undergoing atresia increased in rats treated with RU486. Rats treated with 5 mg RU486 exhibited a significant decrease in ovulatory LH release. The mechanism by which RU486 produces the ovulatory impairment in rats seems to be dual: first, by inducing inadequate follicular development at the time of the LH surge and second, by reducing the amount of ovulatory LH released. The physiological events-decreased basal FSH secretion and follicular atresia-that result from use of RU486 cannot be elucidated from these experiments and should be investigated further.     

Plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations and biochemical variables in regularly menstruating females with ovulatory and anovulatory menstrual cycles.

Ovarian hormones are known to affect endocrine pancreas function. However, data concerning the effects of anovulatory menstrual cycles in regularly menstruating women on endocrine pancreas and blood metabolites are lacking. We examined plasma insulin, glucagon, glucose, lactate, urea and glycerol concentrations in reproductive-age, regularly menstruating females classified as ovulating or non-ovulating on the basis of basal body temperature measurements and plasma 17beta-estradiol and progesterone determinations. All measurements were performed twice--in the follicular and again in the luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. There were no differences in plasma lactate and glycerol concentrations between the two groups of subjects. Plasma insulin concentrations tended to be lower in non-ovulating than in ovulating women. In addition, plasma glucagon did not differ in the follicular (33.2 pmol/l) or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in females with disturbed ovarian hormone secretion (34.1 pmol/l). In contrast, plasma glucagon concentrations in the luteal phase (32.8 pmol/l) were significantly higher than in the follicular phase (24.9 pmol/l) of the menstrual cycle in ovulating women. Plasma glucose concentrations in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in non-ovulating women (4.1 mmol/l) were slightly but significantly lower than in their ovulating counterparts (5.3 mmol/l). Furthermore, no correlations were noted between plasma glucose and insulin-to-glucagon molar ratio in non-ovulating subjects. Plasma urea concentrations in non-ovulating women were markedly lower than in ovulating women in both follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle (4.1 and 3.9 mmol/l vs. 5.3 and 5.4 mmol/l in non-ovulating and ovulating women, respectively). In ovulating women, plasma urea levels in both cycle phases were significantly correlated with plasma glucagon concentrations, but no such correlation was found in non-ovulating women. In conclusion, anovulatory menstrual cycles in premenopausal females slightly altered pancreatic hormone plasma levels but markedly impaired their action on plasma glucose and urea concentrations.     

The determination of 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione in human follicular fluid and plasma

The development of a chromatographic/immunoassay method is presented for the measurement of 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (11 beta-OH-A4) in ovarian follicular fluid (FFL) and plasma from women undergoing embryo transfer for in vitro fertilization. This method incorporates high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and permits the simultaneous measurement of other steroids from a single sample in order to assess the intraovarian environment. Authenticity of 11 beta-OH-A4 in follicular fluid was confirmed using selected ion monitoring (SIM) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Our results demonstrate a mean concentration of 18.6 nmol/l in follicular fluid compared with 3.2 nmol/l in plasma. The origin of 11 beta-OH-A4 in follicular fluid requires further investigation but these findings supports the hypothesis of ovarian 11 beta-hydroxylase activity on C19 steroids.     

Relationship between endothelin 1 and nitric oxide system in the corpus luteum regression

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between the nitric oxide (NO) system and endothelin 1 (ET-1) in the mechanism of corpus luteum (CL) development and consequently regression in rats. We first evaluated basal ET-1 levels in ovarian tissue from rats with different stages of CL development. An increased ovarian ET-1 content was found during CL regression. In a dose-department response, ET-1 decreased progesterone (P4) and increased prostaglandin (PG) PGF2alpha production. By means of a competitive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor: L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and a slow NO releasing: diethyl-aminetriamine (DETA-NONOate), we demonstrated that NO system could be the intermediary in the ET-1 diminishing P4 production. The Western blot analysis revealed an increase on iNOS while eNOS protein expression was diminished. We also found a diminution of total NOS activity after ET-1 treatment. These data suggest the existence of a functional relationship between ET-1 and NOS isoforms leading the regulation of CL functionally.     

Local distributions of oviductal estradiol, progesterone, prostaglandins, oxytocin and endothelin-1 in the cyclic cow

The cyclic patterns of hormones which regulate the activity of the oviduct in the cow have not been adequately reported. We studied progesterone (P4), estradiol 17 beta (E2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), oxytocin (OT) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations in the cow oviduct. Reproductive tracts from cyclic Holstein cows in the follicular phase (n = 5), post ovulation phase (n = 5) and luteal phase (n = 5) were collected at a slaughterhouse. Oviducts were separated from the uterus, the lumen vas washed with physiological saline, and the enveloping connective tissues were removed. The fimbria was then separated at first and then the rest was divided into 2 parts of equal length (proximal and distal). After extraction, levels of different hormones in the tissues were measured using double antibody enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). There were no differences in any hormone concentration between the 3 parts of the oviduct at any stage of the estrous cycle. The highest concentration of oviductal P4 was observed during the luteal phase and in the oviduct ipsilateral to the functioning CL. Oviductal OT was unchanged throughout the cycle. The highest E2 concentration was observed during the follicular phase in the oviduct ipsilateral to the dominant follicle. The oviduct ipsilateral to the dominant follicle during the follicular phase and ipsilateral to the ovulation site post ovulation showed higher levels of PGE2, PGF2 alpha and ET-1 than those on the contralateral side or during the luteal phase. The highest PGE2 was observed in the oviduct ipsilateral to the ovulation site during the post ovulation phase. The results suggest that the ovarian products (P4, OT and E2) and the local oviductal products (PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and ET-1) may synergistically control oviductal contraction for optimal embryo transport during the periovulatory period, and provide further evidence for the local delivery of ovarian steroids to the adjacent reproductive tract.     

Ovarian follicular fluid eicosanoid concentrations during the pre-ovulatory period in humans

Prostaglandins are involved in ovulation and in every mammal studied so far, ovulation has been inhibited by prostaglandin inhibition. Information regarding the role of leukotrienes and thromboxanes in ovulation is more limited. In order to study the production of eicosanoids in human pre-ovulatory follicular fluid, follicular aspiration was timed by means of serial ultrasound scans and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) to be immediately pre-ovulatory. 11 women were studied and the eicosanoids measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The follicular fluid was found to contain leukotrienes (LT) B4, LTC4 (D4, E4), prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2 alpha 6 keto PGF1 alpha k and thromboxane (TX) B2. This is the first published report of leukotrienes in human follicular fluid in spontaneous cycles, and is one of the few reports showing prostaglandins and thromboxanes. The significance of demonstrating leukotrienes in human follicular fluid is discussed as is the correlation between individual eicosanoids in the human ovary.     

健胃消痞汤联合雷贝拉唑治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床疗效及对血清G-17、ET-1、胃蛋白酶原、EGF及NO水平的影响

目的:探讨健胃消痞汤联合雷贝拉唑治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎(chronic atrophic gastritis,CAG)的临床疗效及对血清胃泌素-17(G-17)、内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)、胃蛋白酶原、表皮生长因子(EGF)及一氧化氮(NO)水平的影响。方法:选择2015年6月到2017年3月我院收治的100例CAG患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各50例。对照组患者给予雷贝拉唑治疗,治疗组患者在对照组治疗的基础上联合健胃消痞汤治疗,两组患者均治疗8周。评价并比较两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后血清G-17、ET-1、胃蛋白酶原I(PG I)、胃蛋白酶原II(PG II)、EGF及NO水平的变化及治疗期间不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,治疗组患者的总有效率为94.00%,明显高于对照组(78.00%)(P=0.021);两组患者血清G-17、PG I、PG II及NO水平均较治疗前明显升高,血清ET-1和EGF水平均明显下降,且治疗组以上指标的改善情况均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗期间不良反应的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.461)。结论:健胃消痞汤联合雷贝拉唑治疗CAG的临床疗效显著,且安全性较高,可能与其明显改善患者血清G-17、ET-1、PG I、PG II、EGF及NO水平有关。     

Gonadotropins increase concentrations of immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor-I in porcine follicular fluid in vivo

To evaluate the regulation of ovarian insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) during follicular growth in vivo, we measured the concentration of this peptide in follicular fluid (FFL) of immature gilts during the induction of follicular development by pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). FFL concentrations of immunoreactive (i) IGF-I were compared with those of intrafollicular steroids and with concentrations of iIGF-I, estradiol (E2), and porcine growth hormone (GH) in serum. PMSG, administered at Time 0, induced a significant (p less than 0.01), time-dependent increase in intrafollicular iIGF-I that peaked 72 h after administration of the hormone, before the administration of hCG. During the first 72 h, the changes in ovarian iIGF-I paralleled those for progesterone and E2. After the administration of hCG at 72 h, FFL levels of E2 fell, those of iIGF-I remained constant, and progesterone rose. Serum E2 concentrations paralleled those in FFL. Since serum GH and IGF-I levels rise during spontaneous puberty in some species, these levels were also monitored. However, a significant treatment effect on serum GH and iIGF-I was not demonstrated. In summary, ovarian concentrations of iIGF-I are increased by gonadotropic hormones in vivo. The absence of concomitant changes in circulating levels of iIGF-I and GH suggests that the gonadotropin effects are exerted directly on the ovary. These results, together with more abundant data regarding secretion and action of IGF-I in cultured granulosa cells, suggest that IGF-I may function in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to amplify the actions of gonadotropins at an ovarian level.