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1.
Yolanda Melero Santiago Palazón Laura Bonesi Joaquim Gosàlbez 《Biological invasions》2010,12(11):3877-3885
The effectiveness of culling campaigns to eradicate or limit populations of the alien, invasive American mink in Catalonia
was studied by comparing the annual relative abundance of culled versus non-culled populations. We selected three populations
that were culled under government campaigns and a fourth that served as a control and hence was left undisturbed (not culled).
The study took place between 2002 and 2006 and annual relative abundances were estimated from trapping with bankside traps.
The abundance of all four populations remained relatively stable throughout the study period. However, the annual relative
abundance of the culled populations was lower than that of the non-culled population, which indicates that culling may have
lowered the densities of mink, although eradication was not achieved. We also determined the potential distribution of the
American mink in Catalonia by means of a habitat suitability model. The final aim was to assist in planning this species’
management. Almost all watercourses in Catalonia were identified as suitable for the American mink, with preferred areas located
in the northeast. We recommend that the government and administrations promote culling campaigns focused on limiting the spread
of the American mink as eradication is likely to be difficult to be achieved under the current situation. Target areas should
be located on the edges of the American mink’s range and should be prioritized to limit the spread of this species to areas
in which there are endangered native species. 相似文献
2.
This paper examines the case for, and plausibility of, eradicating American mink Neovison vison from mainland Great Britain and its associated offshore islands. This invasive species causes extensive damage to native fauna throughout Europe, and the UK Government is obliged to eradicate it, if feasible, under the Bern Convention. Current mink control buys time, but is patchy and dependent on substantial funding in perpetuity. If enacted, eradication would be cheaper in the long term and much more effective in preserving native wildlife. The methodology of an eradication campaign is explored, together with risks, challenges, and a tentative timeline and cost. We judge that mink eradication is now logistically feasible, due to technological developments and experience gained from landscape-scale control. Using live traps fitted with electronic sensors – ‘smart’ traps – as the primary means of catching mink would render the campaign efficient, humane and free of non-target mortality and negative environmental impacts. The ecological benefits of mink eradication would be profound, including greatly improving prospects for water vole Arvicola amphibius populations. Reinvasion is highly unlikely. The greatest logistical challenge is probably removing mink from Scottish west coast islands. Eradication might take around a decade and be dependent on co-ordination between many conservation, fishing, farming, and water-related organisations, together with the consent of landowners. By adding alarms to existing mink traps, land and water managers can pave the way to eradication now. A mink-free Great Britain would plausibly cost tens of millions of pounds, against which could be set the limitless future costs of mink control. Such a campaign would be by far the world's largest invasive predator eradication project by geographical area and would set a precedent for citizen-led conservation action globally. Regional trials would be extremely valuable in determining the costs and practicality of a GB-wide campaign. 相似文献
3.
Trophic relationships between invasive species in multiply invaded ecosystems may reduce food limitation relative to more pristine ecosystems and increase resilience to control. Here, we consider whether invasive predatory American mink Neovison vison are trophically subsidized by invasive crayfish. We collated data from the literature on density and home range size of mink populations in relation to the prevalence of crayfish in the diet of mink. We then tested the hypothesis that populations of an invasive predator reach higher densities and are more resilient to lethal control when they have access to super-abundant non-native prey, even in the absence of changes in density dependence, hence compensatory capacity. We found a strong positive relationship between the proportion of crayfish in mink diet and mink population density, and a negative relationship between the proportion of crayfish in mink diet and mink home range size, with crayfish contribution to mink diet reflecting their abundance in the ecosystem. We then explored the consequence of elevated mink density by simulating a hypothetical eradication program with a constant harvest in a Ricker model. We found that mink populations were more resilient to harvest in the presence of crayfish. As a result, the simulated number of mink harvested to achieve eradication increased by 500 % in the presence of abundant crayfish if carrying capacity increased by 630 %. This led to a threefold increase in time to eradication under a constant harvest and an approximately 20-fold increase in the cumulative management cost. Our results add to evidence of inter-specific positive interactions involving invasive species, and our simple model illustrates how this increases management cost. 相似文献
4.
Thomas W. Bodey Stuart Bearhop Sugoto S. Roy Jason Newton Robbie A. McDonald 《Journal of Applied Ecology》2010,47(1):114-120
1. The detrimental impacts of invasive, non-native species on islands are widely acknowledged and it is often best to act rapidly against such species, even where uncertainty exists over the best way to proceed. If management actions are evaluated and refined, using information learnt from the biology of culled animals, this uncertainty can be gradually reduced, increasing the likelihood of a successful outcome.
2. American mink Neovison vison carcasses were collected as part of an eradication campaign on several islands of the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, and stable isotope analysis was used to describe ecological variation in this invasive non-native predator.
3. Isotope profiles from individual mink whiskers demonstrated how behaviour at a population level changed markedly over time. As the eradication campaign progressed, mink increased their reliance on marine food sources and focused their activity on the coastline. Stable isotope analyses also demonstrated sex-related changes in foraging and ranging behaviour in relation to food resource availability on the two main island complexes.
4. Synthesis and applications. Our findings contribute to the refinement of a campaign to extend the successful eradication of mink from Uist and Harris, to the whole of the Outer Hebrides archipelago, UK. They also highlight the potential for stable isotope approaches to provide more detailed postmortem information that can inform adaptive management of wildlife populations for conservation objectives. 相似文献
2. American mink Neovison vison carcasses were collected as part of an eradication campaign on several islands of the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, and stable isotope analysis was used to describe ecological variation in this invasive non-native predator.
3. Isotope profiles from individual mink whiskers demonstrated how behaviour at a population level changed markedly over time. As the eradication campaign progressed, mink increased their reliance on marine food sources and focused their activity on the coastline. Stable isotope analyses also demonstrated sex-related changes in foraging and ranging behaviour in relation to food resource availability on the two main island complexes.
4. Synthesis and applications. Our findings contribute to the refinement of a campaign to extend the successful eradication of mink from Uist and Harris, to the whole of the Outer Hebrides archipelago, UK. They also highlight the potential for stable isotope approaches to provide more detailed postmortem information that can inform adaptive management of wildlife populations for conservation objectives. 相似文献
5.
ANDRZEJ ZALEWSKI STUART B. PIERTNEY HANNA ZALEWSKA XAVIER LAMBIN 《Molecular ecology》2009,18(8):1601-1615
To be effective, management programmes geared towards halting or reversing the spread of invasive species must focus on defined and defensible areas. This requires knowledge of the dispersal of non-native species targeted for control to better understand invasion and recolonisation scenarios. We investigated the genetic structure of invasive American mink ( Neovison vison ) in Scotland, and incorporated landscape genetic approaches to examine resultant patterns in relation to geographical features that may influence dispersal. Populations of mink sampled from 10 sites in two regions (Argyll and Northeast Scotland) show a distinct genetic structure. First, the majority of pairwise population comparisons yielded F ST values that were significantly greater than zero. Second, amova revealed that most of the genetic variance was attributable to differences among regions. Assignment tests placed 89 or more of individuals into their sampled region. Bayesian clustering methods grouped samples into two clusters according to their region of origin. Wombling approach identified the Cairngorms Mountains as a major impediment to gene flow between the regions. Mantel pairwise correlations between genetic and geographical distances estimated as least-cost distance assuming a linear increase in the cost of movement with increasing elevation were higher than Euclidean distances or distance along waterways. Spatial autocorrelation analyses revealed stronger spatial structuring for females than for males. These results suggest that gene flow by American mink is restricted by landscape features (mountain ranges) and that eradication attempt should in the first instance break down the connectivity between management units separated by mountains. 相似文献
6.
Amelia S. Wenger Vanessa M. Adams Gwenllian D. Iacona Cheryl Lohr Robert L. Pressey Keith Morris Ian D. Craigie 《Biological invasions》2018,20(5):1287-1305
Environmental managers regularly face decisions about how to counteract threats. These decisions require an understanding of both the conservation benefits and economic costs of candidate actions. However, transparent frameworks for how to accurately calculate costs for management are rare. We worked with island managers in Australia to develop eradication protocols for six invasive species- four mammals and two weeds. We used the protocols to create an accounting framework for invasive species eradications to produce realistic cost estimates for eradications across multiple locations. We also used our models to test common cost assumptions: (1) that costs scale linearly with area, (2) that terrain does not influence costs, and (3) that eradication costs stay constant through time. By explicating testing assumptions, we found that costs largely scaled linearly with area, that terrain influences costs, and that costs decline as populations decline in response to ongoing management. Estimated mammal eradication costs were driven in large part by the area of an island and the cost of transport. However, when area alone was used as a proxy for costs, the calculated costs deviated from our modelled costs by 40–56%. Weed eradication cost estimates were driven by the size and density of an infestation as well as the terrain of the island, with the effect of terrain becoming more pronounced as area to be treated increased. We provide a method to calculate realistic costs across several sites, which can be used to guide strategic management decision-making, including prioritisation, and on-ground management actions. 相似文献
7.
The successful management and eradication of invasive species is often constrained by insufficient or inconsistent funding.
Consequently, managers are usually forced to select a subset of infested areas to manage. Further, managers may be unaware
of the most effective methods for identifying priority areas and so are unable to maximize the effectiveness of their limited
resources. To address these issues, we present a spatially explicit decision method that can be used to identify actions to
manage invasive species while minimizing costs and the likelihood of reinvasion. We apply the method to a real-world management
scenario, aimed at managing an invasive aquatic macrophyte, olive hymenachne (Hymenachne amplexicaulis), which is one of the most threatening invasives in tropical Australia, affecting water quality, freshwater biodiversity,
and fisheries. 相似文献
8.
Invasive species often cause the decline of native prey or competitors. We highlight a contrasting example of the large-scale recovery of a native species and the concurrent decline and likely displacement of an established invasive competitor. Invasive American mink Mustela vison became widespread in the British Isles at the same time as native Eurasian otters Lutra lutra were declining as a result of water pollution. In common with other invasive predators, mink cause conservation problems for a range of native prey species, most notably water voles Arvicola terrestris . Recent trends in the distribution of native otters and invasive mink in north-east England were examined using a novel regression modelling approach to analyse presence/absence data from field surveys, corroborated by contemporary predator culling records. Between 1991 and 2002, the percentage of sites where mink signs were found decreased from 80% to 20%, while otter signs increased from 18% to 80%. Annual indices of mink captures on shooting estates increased between 1980 and 1996, but were followed by a decline thereafter. Indices of the incidence of native otters were significantly related to those indicating the decline or displacement of invasive mink. This large-scale field study is supportive of localized experimental evidence for the return of dominant, native otters being concurrent with the decline of the invasive alien mink. The recovery of a dominant native species may represent a reversal of the mesopredator release that allowed invasive mink to establish and may eventually serve to mitigate their impact on native prey species. 相似文献
9.
Marcin Brzeziski Joanna Pyrlik Marcin Churski Ewa Komar Andrzej Zalewski 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2019,125(11):791-801
The perception and assessment of predation risk often cause changes in the activities of animals and induce behavioural responses that may in turn affect their movements and distribution. To simulate high predation risk in a midfield pond riparian habitat, we used fresh faeces from ranch American mink Neovison vison and recorded behavioural responses of water voles Arvicola amphibius. In areas where mink odour was deployed, the numbers of captured vole individuals and their trappability were significantly lower than in control areas. Several voles migrated from the zones with deployed mink faeces to the areas without faeces, thus proving that increased predation risk affects the distribution of individuals in a population. The response to mink odour was much more pronounced in females than in males; in areas with deployed mink faeces, not a single female was trapped. We conclude that although American mink is a non‐native, invasive predator, water voles respond to mink odour by reducing their activity and/or by avoiding places with higher predation risk. 相似文献
10.
Elke Schüttler José Tomás Ibarra Bernd Gruber Ricardo Rozzi Kurt Jax 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2010,19(3):725-743
Since 2001 invasive American mink has been known to populate Navarino Island, an island located in the pristine wilderness
of the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve, Chile, lacking native carnivorous mammals. As requested by scientists and managers, our
study aims at understanding the population ecology of mink in order to respond to conservation concerns. We studied the abundance
of mink in different semi-aquatic habitats using live trapping (n = 1,320 trap nights) and sign surveys (n = 68 sites). With generalized linear models we evaluated mink abundance in relation to small-scale habitat features including
habitats engineered by invasive beavers (Castor canadensis). Mink have colonized the entire island and signs were found in 79% of the surveys in all types of semi-aquatic habitats.
Yet, relative population abundance (0.75 mink/km of coastline) was still below densities measured in other invaded or native
areas. The habitat model accuracies indicated that mink were generally less specific in habitat use, probably due to the missing
limitations normally imposed by predators or competitors. The selected models predicted that mink prefer to use shrubland
instead of open habitat, coastal areas with heterogeneous shores instead of flat beaches, and interestingly, that mink avoid
habitats strongly modified by beavers. Our results indicate need for immediate mink control on Navarino Island. For this future
management we suggest that rocky coastal shores should be considered as priority sites deserving special conservation efforts.
Further research is needed with respect to the immigration of mink from adjacent islands and to examine facilitating or hampering
relationships between the different invasive species present, especially if integrative management is sought. 相似文献
11.
Pablo García-Díaz Valentín Arévalo Rafael Vicente Miguel Lizana 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2013,59(6):823-831
The American mink (Neovison vison) is responsible for the widespread decline of its prey species in the regions where it is an invasive species. The current expansion of the mink in the Iberian Peninsula has aroused concern among conservationists about its negative impact on the rich native fauna. However, evidence for this is still scarce, although there are several studies establishing a direct causal relationship between declining native species and the presence of the American mink. Thus, it is important to further investigate the responses of native species to the American mink in several habitats and locations to enhance our knowledge about the patterns of the effect of the mink in Spain, as well as to inform conservation actions. A field study of the impact of the American mink on a mountainous vertebrate community in central Spain is presented. We studied six species: two fish, one amphibian, one bird, and two mammals. The general results showed a species-specific sensitivity to mink presence, with the Mediterranean water shrew (Neomys anomalus) and the southern water vole (Arvicola sapidus) being the most affected because their ranges were significantly decreased after the introduction of the mink. Regarding the other species, neither their abundance nor range was apparently affected by the American mink. The predatory behavior of the mink and interactions with other carnivores could account for these results. These data aid in shedding light about the current impact of the mink on invaded areas of the Iberian Peninsula and highlight the variability of its effects, as well as the urgent need to establish a general program of control of the mink to avoid negative effects upon native prey communities. Furthermore, given the different responses of native species, we propose that measures to protect native species should be based on species-specific goals and attributes. 相似文献
12.
1. Nonlethal predation effects may have stronger impacts on prey populations than direct predation impacts, and this should also apply to intraguild predation. The consequences of such interactions become especially important if invasive, and potentially destructive alien predators act as intraguild prey. 2. We studied the predation-risk impacts of a re-colonizing native top predator, Haliaeetus albicilla (white-tailed sea eagle), on the movements of Mustela vison (American mink), an alien predator in Europe. We radiocollared 20 mink in two study areas in the outer archipelago of the Baltic Sea, South-west Finland, during 2004 and 2005. In the archipelago, mink home ranges incorporate many islands, and mink are most predisposed to eagle predation while swimming between islands. Observed swimming distances of mink were compared to distances expected at random, and deviations from random swimming were explained by mink distance from nearest eagle nest, number of eagle observations near mink location, and mink home-range size. 3. Mink reduced their swimming distances with increasing sea eagle predation risk: for females, the reduction was 10% for an increase of 10 eagle observations, and 5% for each kilometre towards an eagle nest. Conclusions for males were restricted by their small sample size. 4. Our results suggest that female mink modify their behaviour according to eagle predation risk, which may reduce their population growth and have long-term cascading effects on lower trophic levels including bird, mammal and amphibian populations in the archipelago. Ecosystem restoration by bringing back the top predators may be one way of mitigating alien predator effects on native biota. 相似文献
13.
A GIS‐based decision‐making approach for prioritizing seabird management following predator eradication
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Stephanie B. Borrelle Rachel T. Buxton Holly P. Jones David R. Towns 《Restoration Ecology》2015,23(5):580-587
Given that 29% of seabird species are threatened with extinction, protecting seabird colonies on offshore islands is a global conservation priority. Seabirds are vulnerable to non‐native predator invasions, which reduce or eliminate colonies. Accordingly, conservation efforts have focused on predator eradication. However, affected populations are often left to passively recover following eradications. Although seabirds are highly mobile, their life history traits such as philopatry can limit passive recolonization of newly predator‐free habitat. In such cases, seabird colonies can potentially be re‐instated with active restoration via chick translocations or social attraction methods, which can be risky and expensive. We used biogeographic and species‐specific behavioral data in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, a global hotspot of seabird diversity and predator eradications, to illustrate the use of geographic information systems multi‐criteria decision analysis to prioritize islands for active seabird restoration. We identified nine islands with low observed passive recovery of seabirds posteradication over a 50‐year timeframe, and classified these as sites where active seabird management could be prioritized. Such spatially explicit tools are flexible, allowing for managers to choose case‐specific criteria such as time, funding, and goals constrained for their conservation needs. Furthermore, this flexibility can also be applied to threatened species management by customizing the decision criteria for individual species' capacity to passively recolonize islands. On islands with complex restoration challenges, decision tools that help island restoration practitioners decide whether active seabird management should be paired with eradication can optimize restoration outcomes and ecosystem recovery. 相似文献
14.
L. BONESI† L. A. HARRINGTON T. MARAN‡ V. E. SIDOROVICH§ D. W. MACDONALD 《Mammal Review》2006,36(1):98-106
- 1 Demographic data on an invasive species of management concern, the American mink, are presented. Data were obtained on three feral mink populations in Europe distinguished by differences in the time elapsed since population establishment.
- 2 Demographic data are presented in the form of life tables, age–sex distributions and sex ratios. Mink lived a maximum of 6 years, and mortality of 1‐year‐olds and adults differed substantially between populations.
- 3 The data support the hypothesis that mink populations subject to culling have a higher proportion of young (less than 1 year old) to adults compared with non‐culled populations.
15.
Habitat heterogeneity is predicted to profoundly influence the dynamics of indirect interspecific interactions; however, despite potentially significant consequences for multi-species persistence, this remains almost completely unexplored in large-scale natural landscapes. Moreover, how spatial habitat heterogeneity affects the persistence of interacting invasive and native species is also poorly understood. Here we show how the persistence of a native prey (water vole, Arvicola terrestris ) is determined by the spatial distribution of an invasive prey (European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus ) and directly infer how this is defined by the mobility of a shared invasive predator (American mink, Neovison vison ). This study uniquely demonstrates that variation in habitat connectivity in large-scale natural landscapes creates spatial asynchrony, enabling coexistence between apparent competitive native and invasive species. These findings highlight that unexpected interactions may be involved in species declines, and also that in such cases habitat heterogeneity should be considered in wildlife management decisions. 相似文献
16.
Invasive species represent a major threat to biodiversity, and the understanding of their population genetics is one of the
most important goals in conservation biology. Recently, it has been proposed that methods using molecular tools could help
define efficient eradication strategies and should be a preliminary step in the management process. The American mink was
introduced in Europe for fur farming purposes in the 1920s, and, due to escapees, several feral populations have been mentioned
in the last decades. In France, feral mink have been observed since the 1970s, and the largest population, located in Brittany,
is considered to be still expanding. We investigated the genetic variability and population structure of 149 feral mink and
21 farmed mink from this area using six microsatellite loci. Our results showed three genetically distinct population units
at the regional scale. A pattern of isolation by distance was observed for the whole sample. In our case we explain this pattern
by recent admixture of the three genetic units. Our findings suggest that populations have recently met and started to homogenise. 相似文献
17.
Jaime E. Jiménez Ramiro D. Crego Gerardo E. Soto Irán Román Ricardo Rozzi Pablo M. Vergara 《Biological invasions》2014,16(4):961-966
The American mink (Neovison vison) has been described as one of the worst invasive species in the northern hemisphere. Although some studies on the mink exist for the southern hemisphere, aside from impacts on marine and freshwater birds, its effect on other components of the biota is not well understood. Here, as a result of 3 different studies, we report evidence for the mink as a predator of the Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus). To our knowledge, these are the first evidences of predation on this charismatic and endemic woodpecker and indicate that mink might have a more widespread impact on forest birds than was initially suspected. 相似文献
18.
Scofield et al. discredited the utility of pest‐exclusion fences for restoring biodiversity partly on the grounds of unquantified costs and benefits. We estimated the discounted costs of mammal exclusion fences, semi‐permeable (‘leaky’) fences and trapping, over 50 years and adjusted costs by their observed effectiveness at reducing mammalian predator abundance. We modelled data from two large predator management programmes operated by the New Zealand Department of Conservation. Using typical baseline costs and predator control efficacies (scale 0 to 1), the model predicted that an exclusion fence (efficacy 1.0) is the cheapest and most cost‐effective option for areas below about 1 ha, a leaky fence (efficacy 0.9) is most cost‐effective for 1–219 ha, and trapping (efficacy 0.6, based on 0.2 traps per hectare and a 1500‐m buffer to reduce predator reinvasion) for areas above 219 ha. This ranking was insensitive to adjustments in efficacy, but reducing efficacy of leaky fences to 0.8 or increasing trapping efficacy to 0.7 reduced the cost‐effective range of leaky fences by about 90 ha. Reducing trap maintenance costs from $300 to $100 per trap per year (e.g. using long‐life lures), or reducing trap buffer widths to 500 m, significantly elevated trapping as the most cost‐effective method for areas greater than 11–15 ha. These results were largely consistent with an ecological measure of effectiveness based on observed rates of recovery of two indigenous skink species inside exclusion fences or with trapping. The results support criticisms that exclusion fences are generally not cost‐effective, but highlight the value of considering cheaper leaky designs for small‐ to medium‐sized areas. Because this study is based largely on reductions in predator abundance, it has general application to broader biodiversity protection interests, but not to indigenous species that are highly sensitive to predation and only ever adequately protected on the mainland by exclusion fences. 相似文献
19.
Roberta Lecis A. Ferrando J. Ruiz-Olmo S. Mañas X. Domingo-Roura 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(5):1149-1161
The population genetic structure of an invasive species in Spain, the American mink (Mustela vison), was investigated using microsatellite DNA markers. This semi-aquatic carnivore, originating from North America, was imported
into Europe for fur farming since the beginning of the 20th century. Due to massive escapes, farm damages, deliberate releases
and/or accidents, feral mink populations were established in the aquatic ecosystems of many European countries, including
Spain. We genotyped 155 American mink originating from the Spanish regions Basque Country, Catalonia, Castilla-Leon, Aragon,
Valencia and Galicia using 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci to highlight population genetic structure, distribution and
dispersal. M. vison populations in Spain appear differentiated and not yet connected by gene flow. Bayesian clustering analyses and spatial analyses
of molecular variance detected four inferred clusters, overall coinciding with the sampled geographical localities. Preliminary
testing shows moderate to large estimated effective population sizes. Molecular analyses result useful to provide baseline
data for further research on the evolution of invasive mink populations, as well as support local management strategies and
indirectly benefit the conservation of threatened species in Spain, such as the endangered European mink (Mustela lutreola), and the polecat (Mustela putorius), which share the habitat with the American mink.
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Xavier Domingo-Roura. 相似文献
20.
We studied correlates of habitat use of riparian feral American minkMustela vison Schreber, 1777 during winter in Biscay (Northern Iberian Peninsula). We live-trapped and radio-tagged 10 American mink (5
males and 5 females) and successfully radiotracked 7 of them (3 males and 4 females). During resting periods both sexes selected
areas with dense scrub and near to deep waters. Both sexes used underground dens as well as resting sites located above the
ground, but during cold days females rested in buildings much more often than males. Active females used areas of dense scrub,
and males used large scrub patches. The results are interpreted in the light of mink hunting techniques and perceived predation
risk: on larger scales, mink select areas primarily by food abundance, while on very small scales they use scrub and similar
structures providing safe areas to hunt, forage and rest. The strong preference for banks with dense scrub provides options
for management of the species. 相似文献