太白山茶渍属地衣多孢种类的初步研究

对采自陕西太白山地区的中国茶渍属Lecanora地衣多孢种类进行了初步研究,报道三个中国新记录种:多孢茶渍L.bruneri,亚多孢茶渍L.cateilea和日本茶渍L.japonica。以往在中国发现的茶渍属地衣种类子囊均含有8孢,新报道的三种子囊中孢子常多于8个。本文中对每种都给出了详尽的形态、解剖和化学特征描述,并且提供了每种的外部形态照片和日本茶渍的多孢子囊显微照片。     

中国茶渍属和石蕊属4新记录种

通过形态学及化学研究,结合nrDNA ITS序列的系统发育分析,该文报道了茶渍属(Lecanora Ach.)和石蕊属(Cladonia P. Browne)地衣4中国新记录种：莱氏茶渍(Lecanora layana Lendemer)、白头山茶渍(L. baekdudaeganensis B. G. Lee&Hur)、伪银茶渍(L. pseudargentata Lumbsch)和草皮石蕊[Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey&Scherb.]。该文对这些物种的分类学特征进行了详细描述,并与相似种进行了对比,同时提供了各种的地理分布图和形态图。这为中国茶渍属和石蕊属地衣物种多样性及资源利用提供了基础资料。     

采自甘肃白龙江流域中国茶渍属地衣的三个新记录种

在对甘肃白龙江流域的茶渍属(Lecanora)地衣进行调查采集和鉴定的基础上,报道三个中国新记录种:暗灰茶渍(L.cinereofusca H.Magn),暗黄茶渍(L.flavidofusca Mll.Arg.)和颗粒茶渍(L.perplexa Brodo)。对每种给出了详尽的形态、解剖和化学特征描述,并提供了每种的外部形态照片。     

中国新记录属——裂片茶渍衣属及一个中国新记录种

对中国新记录属裂片茶渍衣属（Lobothallia （Clauzade＆Cl.Roux） Hafellner）、中国新记录种粉盘裂片茶渍（Lobothallia alphoplaca （Wahlenb.） Hafellner）进行了详细的描述。裂片茶渍衣属地衣体裂片状、龟裂状和鳞片状,被粉芽;子囊盘集中于中部,茶渍型。描述了粉盘裂片茶渍的形态、化学特征和生境,并提供了相关彩色图片。     

中国新疆天山中东部新记录地衣种类(英文)

文中对采自乌鲁木齐市郊区和南山小渠子多个生境中的大量标本进行了外部形态与内部解剖特征观察,并对少数标本采用了显色反应法(CT)、显微化学结晶法(MCT)及薄层色谱法(TLC)等方法进行了物种鉴定。结果表明:该地区分布的地衣种类有100多种,其中包括1个中国新记录种———副茶渍属(Lecania tonin-ioides),2个新疆新记录种———美国大孢蜈蚣衣(Physconia americana)和细裂岛衣(Cetraria delisei)。副茶渍属的主要特征是鳞状地衣体边缘粉色,子囊长棍棒状,常生长在地面上;美国大孢蜈蚣衣的主要特征是小裂片旺生在子囊盘边缘和地衣体成熟的部分;细裂岛衣的主要特征是子囊棍棒状,髓层C+粉红色,含三苔色酸。文中对这些种类进行了简略描述。     

亚沉茶渍亚洲亚种Lecanora subimmersa subsp.asiatica Zahlbr.的订正研究北大核心CSCD

亚沉茶渍亚洲亚种Lecanora subimmersa subsp.asiatica Zahlbr.曾被基于文献研究转隶至平茶渍属(Aspicilia)或处理为亚沉茶渍原亚种L.subimmersa(Fée)Vain.subsp.subimmersa的异名,但模式标本的研究缺乏仍使该变种的概念不清。利用形态学、解剖学和化学等方法对L.subimmersa subsp.asiatica Zahlbr.的模式标本进行了综合研究,发现L.subimmersa subsp.asiatica与滇茶渍[L.oreinoides(Körb.)Hertel&Rambold]的形态特征及次生代谢产物一致,故将L.subimmersa subsp.asiatica作为L.oreinoides的异名处理。依据研究标本,对滇茶渍进行了形态学描述,同时提供了相关形态学图片,澄清了亚沉茶渍亚洲亚种的概念。     

中国肉盘衣属地衣新记录种

在对海南省叶生地衣资源的调查研究中发现了中国肉盘衣属地衣新记录种:乳头肉盘衣[Fellhanera mastothallina(Vain.)Lücking&Sérus.],描述了其形态学、解剖学及化学特征,提供了显微结构照片.主要识别特征为:地衣体壳状,布满灰绿色乳头状颗粒,子囊盘棕色,囊盘被外部由疏丝组织构成,子囊孢...     

中国新记录属——裂片茶渍衣属及一个中国新记录种(英文)

对中国新记录属裂片茶渍衣属(Lobothallia (ClauzadeCl.Roux) Hafellner)、中国新记录种粉盘裂片茶渍(Lobothallia alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Hafellner)进行了详细的描述。裂片茶渍衣属地衣体裂片状、龟裂状和鳞片状,被粉芽;子囊盘集中于中部,茶渍型。描述了粉盘裂片茶渍的形态、化学特征和生境,并提供了相关彩色图片。     

中国星文衣属地衣型真菌的分类研究

星文衣属(Sarcographa)隶属于真菌界(Fungi)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、茶渍纲(Lecanoromycetes)、厚顶盘目(Ostropales)、文字衣科(Graphidaceae),该属地衣体为壳状,子囊盘为放射分支状,多具子座,子囊含8孢子,子囊孢子褐色,横隔透镜型或亚砖壁型,主要分布于热带亚热带地区。该文通过形态学、解剖学、化学与分子生物学等方法进行该属分类学研究,共报道了中国该属9种,其中变黄星文衣[Sarcographa flavescens(Dal-Forno & Eliasaro)L. W. Chen & Z. F. Jia]为新组合(≡ Phaeographis flavescens Dal-Forno & Eliasaro); 曲线星文衣[Sarcographa labyrinthica (Ach.)Müll. Arg. ]为中国大陆新记录种。同时,该文对近似属拟星文衣属(Sarcographina)的1物种——异孢拟星文衣[Sarcographina heterospora(Nyl.)Z. F. Jia & Lücking]进行了描述,并提供了10个物种的特征提要及与其近似种的区别特征,并编制了分种检索表。该研究为中国地衣型真菌生物多样性研究提供了基础资料。     

新疆阿尔泰山南麓平茶渍属地衣3个中国新记录种

平茶渍属(Aspicilia)是地衣型真菌的重要类群之一。该类真菌在干旱、半干旱地区尤为丰富,因此在地处半干旱区的新疆,其分布也极其多样。该研究对采自新疆阿尔泰山南麓可可托海风景区的平茶渍属地衣标本,从形态解剖、化学显色反应及薄层层析法和生境等多个角度进行了综合分析,发现中国新记录种3个,分别为博伊金平茶渍(Aspicilia boykinii)、烟色平茶渍(A.fumosa)和斯氏平茶渍(A.sipeana)。提供了这3个新记录种的外部宏观形态和内部解剖结构彩色图。     

The sorediate, saxicolous species of the Lecanora subfusca group in Europe

The sorediate, saxicolous members of the Lecanora subfusca group, which include L. campestris ssp. dolomitica, L. caesiosora, L. pannonica , and L. umbrosa , although frequently misnamed, can be distinguished morphologically and chemically. Lecanora caesiosora is most variable, with a southerly form having a dark grey, thick thallus, and a more northerly, often shade-loving, morphotype having a very pale, thin thallus. The species are described, and a diagnostic key is presented including some confusable species. Lecanora pannonica and L. neglecta are neotypified.     

LECANORA COMPALLENS AND L. SINUOSA,TWO NEW OVERLOOKED CORTICOLOUS LICHEN SPECIES FROM WESTERN EUROPE

Lecanora compallens and L. sinuosa, two corticolous lichens, are described as species new to science on the basis of numerous collections. Lecanora compallens is a sorediate species, known only as sterile. It is probably common in Western Europe, but overlooked because it is very similar to L. expallens. Chemically, the new species is identical with L. strobilina, of which it may represent a sorediate counterpart. Lecanora sinuosa is a new species similar to L. chlarotera and so far only known from a limited area in the Netherlands and Germany, although it may be overlooked elsewhere. Lecanora sinuosa is very close to L. hybocarpa, with which it shares thepulicaris -type epihymenium inspersed with fine crystals but differs markedly by its thick thallus and thick and sinuous apothecium margin.     

The new species Lecanora bicinctoidea, its position and considerations about phenotypic evolution in the Lecanora rupicola group

A phylogenetic analysis of the Lecanora rupicola group based on combined nITS rDNA and beta-tubulin sequences and a combined dataset of ITS, beta-tubulin and partial sequences of polyketide synthase genes reveals a previously unrecognized species, which here is introduced under the name Lecanora bicinctoidea. The new species is a sister group of the L. swartzii complex (including L. swartzii and L. lojkaeana), which is characterized by eucorticate ascomata, and a morphological diversity that includes also a dwarf-fruticose lineage. The preferential occurrence on vertical to overhanging siliceous rocks corresponds more closely to L. swartzii. A detailed investigation of phenotypic characters reveals that the new species differs from the superficially similar morphospecies L. bicincta in several ways, such as a thallus of comparatively small areoles and broadly sessile ascomata and the development of an amphithecial cortex devoid of algal remnants (i.e. an eucortex). L. bicinctoidea contains methyl 3alpha-hydroxy-4-O-demethylbarbatate, a chemical compound not known from other members of the L. rupicola group. We also discuss the importance of eucortex formation as one of several factors that are involved in the evolution of substrate-detached thallus structures.     

High photobiont diversity associated with the euryoecious lichen-forming ascomycete Lecanora rupicola (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota)

The diversity and phylogenetic position of photobionts in the widespread saxicolous, crustose lichen-forming ascomycete Lecanora rupicola s.l. is presented. The algal partners of this lichen species complex belong to diverse and unrelated lineages in the genus Trebouxia . Specimens were sampled from different habitats and geographical origins. Either whole thallus DNA extractions or minute fragments of the algal layer of the lichen thallus were subjected to polymerase chain reaction, using primers that specifically amplify internal transcribed spacer rDNA of the photobionts. No correlations between different chemical races of L. rupicola with particular lineages of Trebouxia spp. were found. Irrespective of the different algal partners, all lichen thalli abundantly developed ascomata. L. rupicola apparently maintains full fecundity with a low degree of selectivity for photobionts, which promotes the occurrence of this lichen-forming species in ample ecological situations.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 88 , 283–293.     

Die parasitische FlechteLecidea insidiosa und ihre Biologie

Lecidea insidiosa, up to now regarded as a lichenicolous fungus without thallus, is a parasitic lichen, growing exclusively onLecanora varia. It kills the plectenchyma of the host, but presumably takes over part of the host-algae to build its own thallus, first inside, then outside of the host thallus. Host and parasite thallus are chemically different.Lecidea insidiosa is not related toLecidea vitellinaria, even though the two were thought to be synonymous for a long time. The species is reported for the first time from the Alps (Steiermark). It is the first known parasitic lichen to occur on a normally wood inhabiting host.

     

Surface hydrophobicity causes SO2 tolerance in lichens

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The superhydrophobicity of the thallus surface in one of the most SO(2)-tolerant lichen species, Lecanora conizaeoides, suggests that surface hydrophobicity could be a general feature of lichen symbioses controlling their tolerance to SO(2). The study described here tests this hypothesis. METHODS: Water droplets of the size of a raindrop were placed on the surface of air-dry thalli in 50 lichen species of known SO(2) tolerance and contact angles were measured to quantify hydrophobicity. KEY RESULTS: The wettability of lichen thalli ranges from strongly hydrophobic to strongly hydrophilic. SO(2) tolerance of the studied lichen species increased with increasing hydrophobicity of the thallus surface. Extraction of extracellular lichen secondary metabolites with acetone reduced, but did not abolish the hydrophobicity of lichen thalli. CONCLUSIONS: Surface hydrophobicity is the main factor controlling SO(2) tolerance in lichens. It presumably originally evolved as an adaptation to wet habitats preventing the depression of net photosynthesis due to supersaturation of the thallus with water. Hydrophilicity of lichen thalli is an adaptation to dry or humid, but not directly rain-exposed habitats. The crucial role of surface hydrophobicity in SO(2) also explains why many markedly SO(2)-tolerant species are additionally tolerant to other (chemically unrelated) toxic substances including heavy metals.     

The delimitation of Psora (Lecideaceae) and related genera, with notes on some species

A new delimitation of the lichen genus Psora Hoffm. is proposed. The genus is mainly characterized by a squamulose thallus, an upper cortex of 'Scheinrindentyp', a hypothecium containing calcium oxalate, an amyloid hymenium containing anthra–quinones, the type of ascus and the type of pycnidium. The affinities of Psora to the genera Eremastrella, Psorula , and Xanthopsora and some squamulose species provisionally included in Lecidea are discussed. The genus Chrysopsora is reduced to syn–onomy with Psora , and the species Lecidea hedinii, L. scholanderi , and Psora petri to synonomy with Lecidea pulcherrima, Toninia tristis , and Lecidea lurida , respectively. The new combinations Lecanora scotopholis (Tuck.) Timdal, Psora hypotheja (Lamb) Timdal, P. subrubiformis (Vainio) Timdal, and P. vallesiaca (Schaerer) Timdal are proposed.
New chemical data are given for a number of the species and chemical strains are recognized for the first time in Psora crenala, P. globifera, P. gresinonis , and P. rubifor–mis. Two new chemical strains of P. decipiens are recorded.     

Two sorediate crustose lichens assigned to Lecanora

Nordin, A., Sundin, R. & Thor, G. 1995. Two sorediate crustose lichens assigned to Lecanora. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 553–556. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.
Lecanora viridissima is described and L. navarrensis is reported from Sweden (Dals-land, Sodermanland, Gotland, Oland, Smiland) and Estonia (Laanema, Saarema). The latter species is reported with apothecia from one locality in Sweden. Lecanora viridissima has not been found with apothecia or pycnidia but is placed in Lecanora due to its general habit and the presence of atranorin. It is distinguished by its morphology, chemistry and habitat. Lecanora viridissima has so far only been found on the island of Gotland in Sweden.     

Lecanora sabinae, a new lichen species from the Canary Islands

Lecanora sabinae sp. nov. from the Canary Islands (El Hierro and La Gomera) is characterized chiefly by its greenish thallus with abundant pruinose apothecia ranging in colour from light yellow to almost black. It contains usnic acid, zeorin, and an unknown chemical product SAB-1, is by preference lignicolous and lives in association with the conifer Juniperus phoenicea.