红曲菌属的种之进一步研究

重温红曲菌属各家分类意见,对来自ATCC,CBS,CGMCC,IFO,IMI和NRRL的红曲菌属各个种模式菌株和可靠菌株再次进行了观察。描述了4个新种,它们是发白红曲菌,火红色红曲菌,烟灰色红曲菌和橙色红曲菌。提供了区别12种红曲菌的检索表。     

STUDIES ON THE USE OF BACTERICIDAL RUBBER IN MILKING MACHINE CLUSTERS

SUMMARY: Bactericidal rubber containing tetramethylthiuram disulphide was used in milking machine clusters cleaned by immersion in caustic soda on four farms, and by ordinary chemical sterilization on eight farms. Some reduction in the bacterial content of clusters was brought about by the bactericidal rubber, but high bacterial counts were not prevented, particularly where cleaning was inadequate. 'Fatigue splitting' of bactericidal rubber liners occurred after two to six weeks use.     

鱼类卵子发育能力的进一步研究

作者中的二人[Tung,and Tung.(童第周与叶毓芬)1944;Tung,Chang,andTung.(童第周、张致一与叶毓芬)1945]曾以分割的方法,研究金鱼(Carassiusauratus)卵子的发育能力。他们将2至8细胞时期的金鱼卵子,在去膜后,用玻璃针,按第一次或第二次的分裂平面,将整个卵子分割为二半。每半含有半数分裂球,一半卵黄,和一半未流入分裂球的细胞质。分割后,每半都能继续发育,但产生下列6种不同的情形:(1)二半都发育为完整的,一半大小的胚胎;(2)一个为完整的胚胎,另一个为不完整的胚胎;(3)一个为完整的胚胎,另一人为囊胚;     

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF EXTINCTION TIME ESTIMATES

SUMMARY: Alterations in peptone concentration, pH and time of autoclaving of peptone water resulted in considerable variation in extinction time estimates. The longest extinction times were obtained with the higher peptone concentration, pH 7·0 and the shorter period of autoclaving.     

苔草属植物柄锈菌国产种的补充记载(英文)

苔草属植物柄锈菌3个新种和2个中国新记录种,它们是：寄生在点叶苔草CarexhancockianaMaxim.上的点叶苔草柄锈菌（新种）Pucciniacaricis－hancockianaeJ．Y．Zhang＆S.X.Weisp.nov.,寄生在十字苔草CarexcrucoataWahlenb.上的海南柄锈菌（新种）PucciniahainanensisJ.Y．Zhuang＆S．X．Wei．sp.nov.,寄生在苔草属Carexsp.上的兔耳苔草柄锈菌Pucciniajaceae－leporinaeTranzschel,寄生在披针苔草CarexlanceolataBoott上的卡累利阿柄锈菌PucciniakarelicaTranzschel以及寄生在蕨叶苔草CarexfilicinaNees上的白头柄锈菌（新种）PuccinialeucocephalaJ.Y.Zhuang＆S.X.Weisp.nov.。标本均保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本室（HMAS）。     

苔草属植物柄锈菌国产种的补充记载

苔草属植物柄锈菌3个新种和2个中国新记录种,它们是：寄生在点叶苔草CarexhancockianaMaxim.上的点叶苔草柄锈菌（新种）Pucciniacaricis－hancockianaeJ．Y．Zhang＆S.X.Weisp.nov.,寄生在十字苔草CarexcrucoataWahlenb.上的海南柄锈菌（新种）PucciniahainanensisJ.Y．Zhuang＆S．X．Wei．sp.nov.,寄生在苔草属Carexsp.上的兔耳苔草柄锈菌Pucciniajaceae－leporinaeTranzschel,寄生在披针苔草CarexlanceolataBoott上的卡累利阿柄锈菌PucciniakarelicaTranzschel以及寄生在蕨叶苔草CarexfilicinaNees上的白头柄锈菌（新种）PuccinialeucocephalaJ.Y.Zhuang＆S.X.Weisp.nov.。标本均保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本室（HMAS）。     

有机酸在疫霉营养中作用的进一步研究

利用放射性同位素标记的~(14)C-琥珀酸跟踪,进一步证明有机酸在晚疫病菌的营养中作为碳架与铵盐结合而合成菌体的氨基酸,同时也进入三羧酸循环参加呼吸。所以其作用不仅仅是缓冲作用。所试6个生理小种19株国内外晚疫病菌都对有机酸有迫切需要而旺盛生长,只有两株国外菌种长势太弱。其他测试过的疫霉P.boehmeriae,P.capsici,P.cinnamomi,P.citrophthora,P.colocasiae,P.erythroseptica,P.fragariae,P.megasperma f.sp.glycinea,P.palmivora,P.parasitica,P.sinensis和P.syringae 12种包括A_1与A_2交配型共18株菌都对有机酸有需要,只在迫切程度上不同。但有机酸在疫霉属营养上有普遍意义则是显而易见的。     

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE KINETICS OF OSMOSIS IN LIVING CELLS

Using unfertilized eggs of Arbacia punctulata as natural osmometers an attempt has been made to account for the course of swelling and shrinking of these cells in anisotonic solutions by means of the laws governing osmosis and diffusion. The method employed has been to compute permeability of the cell to water, as measured by the rate of volume change per unit of cell surface per unit of osmotic pressure outstanding between the cell and its medium. Permeability to water as here defined and as somewhat differently defined by Northrop is approximately constant during swelling and shrinking, at least for the first several minutes of these processes. Permeability is found to be independent of the osmotic pressure of the solution in which cells are swelling. Water is found to leave cells more readily than it enters, that is, permeability is greater during exosmosis than during endosmosis.     

红细胞抗高血压因子降压作用的进一步研究

我们曾报道原发性高血压患者(EHS)红细胞抗高血压因子(AHF)具有缓慢而持久的降压作用。本工作表明,AHF对卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠(SHRsp)还具有快速短暂的降压作用,注射AHF后10—30s,SHRsp收缩压从原水平的26.8±1.7kPa降至20.1±1.5kPa(P<0.001)。正常人和大鼠红细胞AHF的降压作用明显强于EHS和高血压大鼠AHF。此外我们还发现EHS血浆中存在升压物质。以上结果提示,AHF缺乏和升压物质含量相对较高可能是原发性高血压发病的一个重要原因。     

FURTHER STUDIES ON MOBILIZATION OF CFUs

Mobilization of CFUs from haemopoietic tissues into circulation was studied after injection of different bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), zymosan, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), trypsin and di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate-inhibited trypsin. All bacterial LPS used gave an increase of CFUs in the peripheral blood at 1 h after i.v. injection. Some variation in activity could not be excluded. As with Salmonella typhosa LPS, zymosan gave an increase in circulating CFUs during the first few hr and a second peak a few days later. After injection of zymosan as well as S. typhosa LPS the second peak in the blood was accompanied by a large increase in CFUs numbers in the spleen. PHA gave an immediate mobilization of CFUs, but the mobilization after injection of Con A during the first few hr occurred more slowly. After injection of S. typhosa LPS, zymosan and PHA the blood C3 level was found to be depressed considerably. This might indicate that the complement system is involved in the early mobilization of CFUs. Dexamethasone, a synthetic hormone which has been reported to give sequestration of several cell types in the bone marrow, did not inhibit the early and late mobilization of CFUs which normally occurs after injection of S. typhosa LPS.     

海南土白蚁生物学特性的进一步研究

水文进一步报道了海南土白蚁Odontotermes hainanensis(Light)的取食活动、巢系结构及其对堤坝的危害和用灭蚁诱饵条的防治效果.     

STUDIES ON AEROSOL DISINFECTION OF POULTRY PREMISES

SUMMARY: A study has been made of the effectiveness of an Ibcol-triethylene glycol mixture for either atmospheric or surface disinfection in various types of poultry premises. Only a moderate bactericidal action was obtained with atmospheric disinfection using E. coli as the test organism. With a stronger mixture, a complete kill was obtained for surface disinfection with overnight exposure but the reduction in numbers of the test organisms with 30 min exposure did not exceed 75% in any experiment. Very satisfactory results were obtained with a formalin-water aerosol.     

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE INDUCTION OF THE DRUG-HYDROXYLATING ENZYME SYSTEM OF LIVER MICROSOMES

Further studies of the induction of the liver microsomal drug-hydroxylating enzyme system by pretreatment of rats with various drugs are presented. The phenobarbital-induced increase in the microsomal content of CO-binding pigment and in the activities of TPNH-cytochrome c reductase and the oxidative demethylation of aminopyrine is proportional, within certain limits, to the amount of phenobarbital injected. Removal of the inducer results in a parallel decrease in the levels of CO-binding pigment, TPNH-cytochrome c reductase, and aminopyrine demethylation. Other inducing drugs have been investigated and shown to act similarly to phenobarbital. The early increase in these enzymes is found in the microsomal subfraction consisting of rough-surfaced vesicles, whereas repeated administration of the inducing drug results in a concentration of the enzymes in the smooth-surfaced vesicles. The phenobarbital-stimulated formation of endoplasmic membranes is reflected in increased amounts of the various microsomal phospholipid fractions as revealed by thin layer chromatography. There is no significant difference between the stimulated rates of P_i³² incorporation into phospholipids of the two different microsomal subfractions in response to phenobarbital treatment. The drug-induced enzyme synthesis is unaffected by adrenalectomy.