东亚飞蝗血细胞形态学研究

通过Wright's染色和光学显微镜对不同地区东亚飞蝗的血细胞进行了观察,发现东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen)的血细胞包括原血胞、浆血胞、粒血胞和类绛血胞4种类型.原血胞的细胞核为红色,而其它3种血细胞的细胞核均被Wright's染液染成红色和蓝色2种类型.故认为浆血胞是...     

东亚飞蝗消化道的三维重建方法研究

本文主要研究东亚飞蝗Locutsta migratoria manilansis(Meyen)消化道可视化模型三维重建方法.采用冰冻切片技术将冰冻包埋剂(OCT)包埋后的飞蝗成虫做连续切片,进行截面图像信息采集,建立数据集;通过Photoshop、Image-Pro Plus(IPP)软件对消化道截面图像进行分割、处理...     

马拉硫磷对东亚飞蝗消化道影响的形态学观察

为探讨农药马拉硫磷对东亚飞蝗Locusta migratioria manilensis(Meyen)消化系统的影响,文中以喂食形式给药,不同喂食时间点蝗虫处死后固定、石蜡包埋、连续切片、HE染色并观察蝗虫消化系统不同部位形态学的病理变化。结果表明马拉硫磷对东亚飞蝗嗉囊、前胃、胃盲囊、中肠、回肠、结肠、直肠等各消化道部位均能造成明显的形态学改变,包括内膜完整性被破坏、上皮细胞死亡、纵肌、环肌、结缔组织等病变和坏死等,且呈时间依赖性。故马拉硫磷的作用可以影响到东亚飞蝗对食物贮存、研磨、消化、养分吸收的每一个环节,最终导致蝗虫的死亡。本文研究结果对蝗虫防治研究具有重要意义。     

东亚飞蝗肠道细菌的研究

目的从微生态学角度研究东亚飞蝗的营养生理活动。方法从东亚飞蝗自然种群的雌、雄成虫肠道环境中分离、纯化、培养,获得细菌16个属的菌株,对菌体形态、染色反应、培养性状、生理生化反应进行系统研究。结果上述16个细菌菌株分别属于沙雷菌属(Serratia)、短状杆菌属(Brachybacterium)、预研菌属(Yokenella)、肠杆菌属(Penterobacter)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)、类芽胞杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、沙门菌属(Salmonella)、棍状杆菌属(Clavibacter)、放线杆菌属(Actinobacillus)、米勒菌属(Moelleralla)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、埃希菌属(Escherichia)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、克吕沃尔菌属(Kluyvera)、克雷伯菌属(Kleb-siella)。结论东亚飞蝗雌性成虫肠道环境细菌种类为12个,雄性为10个,其中6个菌株相同;数量之间存在明显差异。     

1995年白洋淀东亚飞蝗大发生原因及防治策略

白洋淀是华北地区最大的淡水湖,是历史老蝗区,河北省东亚飞蝗Locustamigratoriamanilensis（Meyen）重点蝗区之一。1995年夏蝗呈特大发生,形成大面积高密度群居型蝗蝻,是20年来极为罕见的。其发生特点为蝗蝻出土集中,非农田蝗区密度高于农田蝗区,高密度群居型蝗螨均发生在淀边苇田蝗区。发生面积1．2万hm2,防治1．l万hm2,其中发生10头／m2以上的有0.7万hm2,100头／m2以上的0.l万hm2。现将分析的特大发生原因及防治策略报道如下。1大发生原因1．1大发生的蝗虫基数：据调查,1994年秋残蝗面积为1．2万hm2,比中等发生年多0．3万hm2…     

东亚飞蝗外生殖器的显微结构

利用扫描电镜技术观测了东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen)雌雄个体外生殖器的显微构造,描述了雌雄两性外生殖器的具体结构以及其表面上感受器的分布情况。雌性的外生殖器由背、腹产卵瓣构成,雄性的外生殖器由外骨骼所包被的阳具基背片和阳具复合体构成。在雌雄两性的外生殖器表面着生有大量的感受器,包括毛形、刺形、锥形,主要是机械感受器,还有少量化学感受器。     

东亚飞蝗与亚洲飞蝗的主成分及判别式分析

本文对采用自我国西北,西南地区散居型飞蝗标本之１１个数量性状进行了主成分和判别式分析。个体水平上的主成分分析说明：飞蝗个体在空间上存在着连续变异。鉴于使用传统的形态测量方法有时难以在个体水平上明确划分亚洲飞蝗和东亚飞蝗,我们这个两个亚种的雌性和雄性分别建立了线性判别函数：Ｖ（雌性）＝－３５．３７℃＋２．７２Ｍｘ－１．７１Ｖ＋４．３１Ｅ／Ｆ;Ｖ（雄性）＝－１７．２２＋９．１１Ｈ－５．６４Ｐ－１．０５     

东亚飞蝗Locustamigratoriamanilensis(Meyen)预测预报研究进展

本文对东亚飞蝗的分布及为害进行了简要介绍 ,并对其预测预报研究进展作了全面的总结 ,最后对今后预测预报工作进行了展望。本文认为今后对东亚飞蝗的预测预报分析应紧密结合环境条件的变化 ,应用空间相关分析方法对种群发生规律进行探讨 ,并利用时空分析的结果进行种群空间分布的估计与预测。系统科学理论与技术的应用将会进一步完善现行的东亚飞蝗预测预报方法 ,对我国东亚飞蝗的测报工作产生积极的影响。     

东亚飞蝗雄性生殖系统组织结构观察及三维可视化数字模型

本文研究东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen)雄性生殖系统组织解剖结构及三维可视化数字模型的构建。采用石蜡切片技术对东亚飞蝗进行组织切片,脱水、透明、HE染色和拍照;并应用冰冻切片技术将冰冻包埋剂包埋后的飞蝗雄性个体进行连续切片,进行截面图像信息采集,建立数据集;通过Photoshop、Image-Pro Plus(IPP)软件对雄性生殖器官截面图像进行分割、处理、序列化和三维重建。通过试验观察分析东亚飞蝗雄性生殖器官精巢、附腺、输精管、精球囊和射精囊及交配器的组织构造;并成功构建了飞蝗雄性生殖系统的三维结构可视化数字模型。该模型可以任意旋转,能从不同角度观察,该试验为研究和教学提供了理论基础。     

Serotonin-immunoreactive neurones in the brain of Locusta migratoria innervating the corpus cardiacum

Summary The serotoninergic innervation of the corpus cardiacum (CC) of Locusta migratoria was investigated using two antisera against serotonin. A dense network of immunoreactive nerve fibres was present in the storage lobe of the CC. Immunopositive fibres only sporadically crossed the border between the storage lobe and the glandular lobe of the CC. Immunopositive fibres entered the storage lobe of the CC via the nervus corporis cardiaci I (NCCI); NCCII was immunonegative. Unilateral retrograde fillings of the NCCI with the fluorescent tracer Lucifer yellow, followed by antiserotonin immunocytochemistry, revealed about 20 double-labelled neurones in the anterior part of the pars intercerebralis. The double-labelled neurones were scattered between fluorescent non-immunoreactive neurones. Additionally, 5–7 neurones labelled only with Lucifer yellow were found at the ventrolateral side of the tritocerebrum. No immunopositive neurones were observed in the hypocerebral ganglion. Immunopositive fibres from neurones in the frontal ganglion ran via the recurrent nerve and the neuropile of the hypocerebral ganglion into the paired oesophageal nerve. At most, a few immunopositive nerve fibres occurred in the cardiostomatogastric nerves II, which connect the storage lobe of the CC with the paired oesophageal nerve at the caudal end of the hypocerebral ganglion.     

东北地区亚洲飞蝗染色体核型分析

采用常规压片法对吉林省亚洲飞蝗Locusta migratoria migratoria(L.)的染色体核型进行分析.研究结果表明:亚洲飞蝗性别决定机制为X0型,染色体数目为2n♂=23,染色体组式4L+4M+3S+X,全部为端部着丝粒染色体,NF=23.染色体中最长(L1)与最短(S11)染色体之比大于4:1,臂比大...     

Ultrastructure of the colon of Locusta migratoria

The ultrastructure of the colon of Locusta migratoria is described. The colon is lined by a thick cuticle that, for the most part, adheres to the underlying epithelium. The cuboid epithelial cells are characterized by moderate invaginations of the apical and, to a lesser extent, basal plasma membranes; the lateral plasma membranes are relatively flat. The bulk of the mitochondria are located in the apical region of the cell and are not particularly associated with any of the plasma membranes. The basal region of the cells contains much rough endoplasmic reticulum, glycogenlike granules, and a predominance of spherical, electron-dense bodies of various sizes. Where muscle fibers make contact with the epithelium, the cells are much reduced; the cytoplasm is usually less electron-dense, and, typically, the nucleus has a thick layer of granular material associated with the inner nuclear membrane. The apical and basal plasma membranes of the reduced epithelial cells contain numerous hemidesmosomes. The apical hemidesmosomes occur in pairs around an extracellular space that contains electron-opaque material. The latter forms tonofibrillae that extend into the endocuticle. Bundles of microtubules are associated with the hemidesmosomes. The tubules traverse the cell from the apical to the basal region. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.     

Flight orientation of swarming Locusta migratoria

ABSTRACT. High-speed films of four swarms of Locusta migratoria in Australia and one swarm in New Guinea were analysed. Measurements were made of the locust's body orientation and flight track in the horizontal relative to wind direction, and of height and speed of flight. In all swarms mean course angle and mean track angle in relation to wind direction were significantly different from zero, although all indicated an upwind direction. No evidence was found for orientation to compass direction or sun. Considerable fluctuations in flight direction were measured in some individuals as they traversed the field of view. A modification of Kennedy's (1951) theory is adopted to explain the angled orientations to wind. It is suggested that this could be the result of an optical orientation mechanism.     

Purification and characterization of Locusta migratoria chymotrypsin

A chymotrypsin-like enzyme (CTLE) was isolated from the digestive tract of the African migratory locust Locusta migratoria migratorioides by ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose followed by affinity chromatography on phenylbutylamine (PBA) Sepharose. The purity and homogeneity of CTLE have been shown by SDS-PAGE and on cellulose acetate strips. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 24,000, determined by SDS-PAGE and on a Sephadex G-75 calibrated column. It has an isoelectric point of 10.1 and contains 0-1 half cystine residues. Sequence analysis of the first 20 N-terminal amino acids has shown 25% homology with bovine chymotrypsin and 40% homology with Vespa crabo and Vespa orientalis chymotrypsins and with Hypoderma lineatum trypsin. The optimal pH for enzyme activity and stability was in the range of 8.5-9.0. The Km and kcat values, determined on substrates for proteolytic, esterolytic and amidolytic activity, similar to those for bovine chymotrypsin. CTLE was inactivated by PMSF and TPCK indicating the involvement of serine and histidine in its active site. The enzyme was fully inhibited by the proteinaceous, double-headed, chymotrypsin-trypsin inhibitors BBI from soybeans and CI from chickpeas, by chicken ovomucoid (COM) and turkey ovomucoid (TOM), as well as by the Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) which hardly inhibits bovine chymotrypsin. Inhibition studies of CTLE with amino acid and peptide-chloromethylketones point towards the existence of an extended binding site.