梨小食心虫触角感受器雌雄二型的超微研究

梨小食心虫是果树上的一种重要害虫。本文采用扫描电子显微镜技术(SEM)对成虫离体触角外部形态进行观察,以Onagbola和Fadamiro(2008)为分类标准,对梨小食心虫的触角感受器重新进行分类。结果显示,梨小食心虫触角为线状,由柄节、梗节和鞭节构成,鞭节细分为38-45个亚节。雌、雄蛾共有8种触角感受器,分别为无孔栓锥形感受器、无孔B9hm's鬃毛、单孔刺形感受器、多孔毛形感受器、多孔锥形感受器、多孔腔锥形感受器、多孔耳形感受器和芽孢形感受器(只在雌蛾触角上观察到)。感受器在类型、形态和数量上存在雌雄二型现象。耳形感受器数量在雌雄间差异显著,雌雄蛾刺形感受器、栓锥形感受器、毛形感受器、锥形感受器、腔锥形感受器长度差异显著,并对其功能进行了推测。     

辉蝽成虫形态学研究（半翅目：蝽科）

对辉蝽Carbula humerigera(半翅目:蝽科)的成虫进行了重新描述,提供了辉蝽雌雄两性的外生殖器,包括雄虫的阳茎、抱器及雌虫受精囊的绘图或照片。     

中华真地鳖的生殖系统

通过解剖分析中华真地鳖EupolyphagasinensisWalker雌雄内生殖系统和外生殖器的构造,比较不同生长期雌虫的内生殖系统变化,并依据雌虫外生殖器和最后一腹节的构造叙述了地鳖虫卵鞘的形成过程。结果表明:中华真地鳖雌性附腺和雄性附腺发达;雄性外生殖器的阳体结构较为复杂;雌虫外生殖器、腹末构造与卵鞘表面形态的形成有必然的关系。     

孟氏隐唇瓢虫的触角感受器

本文使用场发射扫描电子显微镜对孟氏隐唇瓢虫Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant雌雄成虫的触角和触角感受器进行了观察和研究，并对触角形态，感受器形态、类型、数量及分布进行了统计和分析。孟氏隐唇瓢虫雌雄成虫触角均由柄节，梗节及8个鞭小节组成。观察到7种触角感受器：四种锥形感受器（sba），四种刺形感受器（sch），四种毛形感受器（str），一种腔锥形感受器（sco），一种耳形感受器（sau），一种腔形感受器（scl），一种Bhm氏鬃毛（sbm）。毛形感受器和刺形感受器数量最多，其他类型感受器数量都较少。Bhm氏鬃毛只存在于柄节和梗节。第八鞭小节的顶端感受器种类最丰富，被六种感受器稠密覆盖。雌雄触角大小、感受器类型都没有明显差异。根据感受器的分布和以前的相关报道，推测孟氏隐唇瓢虫的毛形感受器可能是信息素接收者，刺形感受器可能是机械性刺激感受器和化学感受器，锥形感受器和腔锥形感受器可能都是植物挥发物接受者，化学和温湿度感受器，耳形感受器或许承担物理或者嗅觉器官的功能，而Bhm氏鬃毛或许能感知触角的位置和活动。     

中国锦织蛾属五新种及一新纪录种(鳞翅目:织蛾科)

本文报道了中国织蛾５新种和１新纪录种,绘制了雌雄外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。三线锦织蛾,新种Ｐｒｏｍａｌａｃｔｉｓ ｔｒｉｌｉｎｅａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,本种外形与Ｐ．ｅｎｏｐｉｓｅｍａ（Ｂｕｔｌｅｒ）相似,雄性外生殖器特征与朴锦织蛾Ｐ．ｐａｒｋｉ Ｌｖｏｖｓｋｙ相近,但该种雄性外生殖器爪形突末端圆形,抱器背中部具圆形突起,可与前两种区别。拟银锦织蛾,新种Ｐｒｏｍａｌａｃｔｉｓ     

食蚜瘿蚊触角的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电子显微镜对食蚜瘿蚊的触角进行了观察。结果显示, 雌雄触角都为14节,其中雄性约为2 000 μm,雌性约为1 050 μm。电镜下可观察到食蚜瘿蚊触角有6种类型的感受器,即: 刺形感受器、毛形感受器、锥形感受器、腔形感受器、柱形感受器和环丝。刺形感受器较长,约67.5 μm,基部有膜状的窝。毛形感受器长约61 μm,末端弯曲。锥形感受器呈钉状着生在表皮上,长约4.7 μm。腔形感受器呈凹陷状,腔的直径约为1.2 μm。柱形感受器着生在雄虫鞭节的第二亚节,长约21 μm,直径约为1.5 μm。环丝,是瘿蚊类昆虫触角中特殊的结构,它通过着生在一系列腔中的的短梗,连结成环状附着在触角各亚节的表面。刺形和锥形感受器在数量上,雌雄之间差别不大;柱形感受器只在雄虫中发现;雄虫触角上的腔形感受器在数量上要比雌虫多。     

食蚜瘿蚊触角的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电子显微镜对食蚜瘿蚊角角进行了观察.结果显示,雌雄触角都为14节,其中雄性约为2000μm,雌性约为1 050μm.电镜下可观察到食蚜瘿蚊触角有6种类型的感受器,即：刺形感受器、毛形感受器、锥形感受器、腔形感受器、柱形感受器和环丝.刺形感受器较长,约67.5μm,基部有膜状的窝.毛形感受器长约61μm,末端弯曲.锥形感受器呈钉状着生在表皮上,长约4.7μm.腔形感受器呈凹陷状,腔的直径约为1.2μm.柱形感受器着生在雄虫鞭节的第二亚节,长约21μm,直径约为1.5μm.环丝,是瘿蚊类昆虫触角中特殊的结构,它通过着生在一系列腔中的的短梗,连结成环状附着在触角各亚节的表面.刺形和锥形感受器在数量上,雌雄之间差别不大;柱形感受器只在雄虫中发现;雄虫触角上的腔形感受器在数量上要比雌虫多.     

光滑足距小蠹成虫触角感受器的电镜扫描观察

利用扫描电镜对光滑足距小蠹Xylosandrus germanus(Blandford)雌雄成虫触角进行了观察,发现尽管雄成虫触角长度仅为雌成虫的2/3,但是雌雄成虫之间感受器类型和分布形式却相似。成虫触角具有5种类型的感受器:毛型感受器、锯齿型感受器、锥型感受器、芽型感受器和刺型感受器,其中毛型感受器最多,占总感受器的80%以上,刺型感受器最少,仅1根。在触角各节中,以锤状部感受器分布最多,约占总感受器的85%,其中约73%的感受器密集散生在锤状部的末2节,柄节和鞭节的各节均较少,分别约占总感受器的6%和9%。     

四眼斑水龟个体大小和体形的两性异形

研究龟鳖的两性异形对理解形态适应具有重要意义。通过测量41只(21♀,20♂)成体四眼斑水龟(Sacalia quadriocellata)的20个形态特征指标,研究四眼斑水龟个体大小和体形的两性异形。结果表明:除头长、头宽、尾长和尾长肛前段长外,四眼斑水龟其他的形态特征均与背甲长呈正相关。雌性的背甲长、腹甲长、腹甲中线长、腹甲曲线长显著大于雄性;雄性的头长、头宽、后肢长、尾长和尾长肛前段长显著大于雌性;雌雄两性的体重、体周长、前肢长、腹甲宽、肛盾切口长、肛盾切口宽以及除背甲长外的所有背甲形态特征指标均无显著差异。研究结果表明,四眼斑水龟存在个体大小和体形两性异形。     

草地贪夜蛾成虫触角感器超微结构观察

[目的]草地贪夜蛾是一种严重危害农业生产的迁飞性害虫,本研究旨在了解草地贪夜蛾成虫触角感器的类型、超微结构和分布.[方法]采用扫描电镜对其雌雄成虫触角感器类型及分布进行观察.[结果]草地贪夜蛾雌雄成虫触角由柄节、梗节及鞭节3部分组成,雄蛾触角稍长于雌蛾,且触角表面覆有大量鳞片.共观察到7种类型的感受器,分别为B?hm氏...     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism