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三种蜘蛛两种害虫共存系统水稻损失率数学模型探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文应用二次回归旋转组合设计研究了三种蜘蛛(拟水狼蛛、食虫瘤胸蛛、粽管巢蛛)两种害虫(稻纵卷叶螟幼虫、褐稻虱若虫)共存系统水稻损失率的数学模型。初步的结果分析表明共存系统中天敌通过捕食害虫能明显地减轻水稻损失;在供试的密度范围内,褐稻虱自身密度每增加1倍,水稻损失率大约增加6%左右;稻纵卷叶螟幼虫密度的增加对水稻损失有加重趋势,但损失率的增量较小。 相似文献
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2006年水稻两迁害虫研讨会纪要 总被引:39,自引:7,他引:39
近年来水稻两迁害虫连续大暴发,2005年更是多灾多难:先是稻纵卷叶螟继2003年特大发生后再次特大暴发,发生程度与2003年相近;后期,沉寂长达10年的褐飞虱卷土重来,又一次特大暴发,令人猝不及防而损失惨重.小虫何以屡屡成大灾?痛定思痛,更需正本清源,缕清近年来水稻两迁害虫频发的来龙去脉及成灾的内因外因,确定有效的先期预警方法,为我国农业的可持续发展提供可靠的粮食安全保障. 相似文献
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水稻三种害虫组合侵害及对籽粒生长的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
根据江淮稻区水稻害虫发生特点,于1991-1992年在网室和田间采用全组合随机区组设计研究了白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera、稻纵卷叶螟Csapkelocrocis medinalis、褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens三种害虫的组合侵害及对籽粒生长的影响。用生长曲线方程拟合籽粒生长过程。由生长曲线方程推导的一些参数分析害虫组合侵害对强、弱势粒生长的影响。分析 结果表明三种害虫组合侵害主效和互作效应均对水稻有显著的影响。随着害虫组合侵害的加重,最大生长速率Vmax、旺盛生长期积累的干物重GT等参数变小。田间和网室试验结果表 明害虫组合侵害对弱势粒的影响大于对强势粒的影响。 相似文献
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广西兴安转Bt水稻大田两迁害虫发生动态 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以转Bt水稻华恢1号(Cry1Ac/ CryAb融合基因型,简称HH1)及其对照亲本明恢63(简称MH63)稻田两迁害虫稻纵卷叶螟和白背飞虱为研究对象,系统研究转基因抗虫水稻种植下两迁害虫的发生规律及其致害力差异.结果表明:转Bt水稻及其对照亲本上稻纵卷叶螟的落卵量和幼虫发生量无显著差异,但转Bt水稻的卷叶株率和卷叶率都显著低于对照亲本.表明转Bt水稻对靶标害虫稻纵卷叶螟具有较高抗性.转Bt水稻及对照亲本上白背飞虱若虫、成虫及整个种群的发生动态差异不显著,且转Bt水稻对长翅型和短翅型成虫的种群发生影响也不显著.白背飞虱发生高峰期,转Bt水稻上若虫及短翅型成虫发生量均明显高于对照亲本;相反,转Bt水稻上长翅型成虫发生量明显低于对照亲本,且水稻生育后期长翅型成虫雌性比明显低于对照亲本.转Bt水稻大面积商业化种植下其非靶标害虫白背飞虱的发生危害变得更为复杂. 相似文献
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利用广东省化州市1959—2008年气温资料及化州市病虫测报站1989—2008年稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)田间测报资料,运用统计分析方法分析了该地区气温变化与稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟发生的关系。结果表明:与1959—1988年1—4月各旬平均气温比较,1989—1998年气温变化不明显,而从1999—2008年呈明显的增温态势,这种气候背景使得上述2害虫发生期和发生程度随1—4月平均气温的升高而显著提前和加重,平均气温与发生期和发生程度的相关性达到显著或极显著水平。 相似文献
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我国东半部褐飞虱,稻纵卷叶螟迁飞发生区及其分布的数学模型 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文分析了我国东半部褐飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟迁飞动态与正午时太阳高度角的关系。根据正午时太阳高度角公式计算出两虫迁飞发生区正午时的太阳高度角,与T值间进行数学分析建立迁飞发生区预测模型,并可进行预报。 相似文献
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气候变暖对中国褐飞虱越冬北界的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
基于GIS技术,利用1951—2010年中国南方地区289个气象站点观测资料和褐飞虱历史越冬考察资料,通过采用典型年褐飞虱越冬实况调查资料进行检验,对前人研究的褐飞虱越冬北界指标进行优选,最终选择1月10℃等温线作为中国褐飞虱越冬北界位置确定的指标,分析了最近60年来气候变暖背景下中国褐飞虱越冬北界年代际变化以及前后30年的变化。结果表明:在气候变暖背景下,由于暖冬年份频次的增加,使得每隔10年、30年褐飞虱越冬北界平均界限均不同程度北移,与冷冬年相比,暖冬年褐飞虱越冬北界位置可向北推移2~3个纬度;年代际变化以20世纪80年代最为明显,80年代之后的30年较之前的30年北移显著;空间北移较明显的地区为云南中部和福建南部,其中云南境内最大位移处60年约向北移动了近90km。 相似文献
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利用寄生变红卵和仔代成蜂数量作为繁殖力估计等方法,编制了稻虱缨小蜂(Anagrus nilaparvatae pang and wang)在褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens (St(a)l))卵和白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera (Horvath))卵上繁殖的实验种群生命表,测定了稻虱缨小蜂寄生褐飞虱和白背飞虱的生殖力,分析了稻虱缨小蜂对稻飞虱卵的寄生能力.结果表明:在相同的繁蜂条件下,稻虱缨小蜂寄生褐飞虱卵的净生殖力R0为10.26,内禀增长率rm为0.2213,平均单雌产仔数为14.52头;寄生白背飞虱卵的净生殖力R0为8.78,内禀增长率rm为0.1840,平均单雌产仔数为12.20头.两组生命表参数比较分析显示褐飞虱卵具有较强的室内繁蜂潜能,可利用其进行室内繁蜂.应用稻虱缨小蜂、褐飞虱及白背飞虱的生命表参数讨论了稻虱缨小蜂在稻飞虱生物防治中的应用潜能及其可能的利用途径. 相似文献
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褐飞虱与白背飞虱共栖时的互作效应 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
用笼罩试验方法,研究了褐飞虱和白背飞虱共栖时的互作效应.结果表明,在96 h内,随时间的延长,2种飞虱对不同稻株的栖息率渐趋增加,最终达21.5~25.0%,不表 现种间差异;脉冲试验使白背飞虱的雌性率和短翅率提高 22. 1%和 398. 1%;排除试验使 白背飞虱的增殖、雌性率和雌虫短翅率各下降 8. 8%、20. 8%和 48. 0%;种间作用对增殖。 性比和翅型产生正的或负的效应.文中还讨论了种间作用存在的意义和方式. 相似文献
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应用二次回归正交设计建立青翅蚁形隐翅虫对稻纵卷叶螟和白背飞虱捕食作用的数学模型分别为:Y'cm=3.5072+1.6671x1+1.7200x2-1.004x3+0.6375x1x2-0.7625x1x3-0.2625x2x3+0.6020x^21-0.3538x^22-0.0807x^23;Y'sf=3.7612+0.4015x1+0.2573x2+1.6645x3+0.1250x1x3+x2x3+0.3372x^21-0.4820x^22+0.0641x^23.结果表明,青翅蚁形隐翅虫对白背飞虱表现出更强的取食选择性.当猎物密度较低时,青翅蚁形隐翅虫对稻纵卷叶螟的捕食作用为密度制约性,当猎物密度较高时,青翅隐翅虫对白背飞虱的捕食作用为密度制约性. 相似文献
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Seasonal abundance of macropterous Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera based on presumptive macroptery in fifth-instar nymphs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract. 1. The seasonal changes in abundance of macropterous N. lugens (Stal) and S. furcifera (Horvath) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) are described based on observed numbers of adults and presumptive macroptery in fifth-instar nymphs occurring in rice crops in the Philippines.
2. Percentage presumptive macroptery in fifth-instar nymphs was correlated with nymphal density over the range of 0–20 nymphs per hill for females of both species and 5–20 nymphs per hill for male N. lugens.
3. Lunar phase had no effect on wingmorph expression in either species.
4. Comparison of the percentage macroptery in fifth-instar nymphs with subsequent percentage macroptery in N. lugens adults for one season showed net emigration occurred from 60 DAT (days after transplanting) to harvest except for a period of net immigration lasting 7–10 days at approximately 95 DAT for both sexes. 相似文献
2. Percentage presumptive macroptery in fifth-instar nymphs was correlated with nymphal density over the range of 0–20 nymphs per hill for females of both species and 5–20 nymphs per hill for male N. lugens.
3. Lunar phase had no effect on wingmorph expression in either species.
4. Comparison of the percentage macroptery in fifth-instar nymphs with subsequent percentage macroptery in N. lugens adults for one season showed net emigration occurred from 60 DAT (days after transplanting) to harvest except for a period of net immigration lasting 7–10 days at approximately 95 DAT for both sexes. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT. 1. Daily trap catches of the rice planthoppers, N.lugens Stal and S.furcifera Horvath, and associated synoptic weather patterns were analysed in Kyushu, south-west Japan, in the autumns of 1980–85.
2. Certain weather patterns which seemed to favour overseas immigration, were reflected in trap catches: of eighteen occasions in which back-tracks on 850 mbar wind fields reached central China, marked mass catches in a light trap occurred on six occasions, and peaks in catch curves were found on another seven occasions.
3. These results strongly imply overseas immigration of the planthoppers from China to Kyushu in autumn, identical to invasions by the same species in early summer. However, such autumn migration is apparently non-adaptive because migrants or their progeny are soon killed by cold weather. 相似文献
2. Certain weather patterns which seemed to favour overseas immigration, were reflected in trap catches: of eighteen occasions in which back-tracks on 850 mbar wind fields reached central China, marked mass catches in a light trap occurred on six occasions, and peaks in catch curves were found on another seven occasions.
3. These results strongly imply overseas immigration of the planthoppers from China to Kyushu in autumn, identical to invasions by the same species in early summer. However, such autumn migration is apparently non-adaptive because migrants or their progeny are soon killed by cold weather. 相似文献
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贺氏菱头蛛和食虫沟瘤蛛对稻纵卷叶螟和稻褐飞虱的捕食作用研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
应用二次正交旋转组合设计方法建立贺氏菱头蛛Bianor hotingchiehi和食虫沟瘤蛛Ummeliata insecticeps对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis和稻褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens捕食作用的数学模型分别为:Y'cm=3.9984-0.2083 x1 0.7917 x2 2.1250 x3 0.2917 x4 0.5625 x1x2-0.1875 x1x3 0.1875 x1x4 0.8125 x2x3 0.1875 x2x4 0.1875 x3x4-0.4703 x21 0.0305 x22 0.0305 x23-0.0940 x24;Y'nl=6.2832 0.2917 x1 0.5417 x2-0.1250 x3 3.625 x4-0.0625 x1x2 0.5625 x1x3 0.4375 x1x4-0.4375 x2x3 0.4375 x2x4-0.4375 x3x4-0.2299 x21-0.1047 x22 0.0250 x23 0.2709 x24 .结果表明,食虫沟瘤蛛是稻纵卷叶螟和稻褐飞虱的更为重要的捕食性天敌.贺氏菱头蛛对各种干扰作用表现更为敏感. 相似文献
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We analyzed overseas immigrations of rice planthoppers in Kyushu, Japan, based on trap data collected during June?CJuly in 2000?C2011. The immigrant density was high in 2006, whereas it was low in 2008 and 2011. To understand these annual fluctuations, we investigated the relationships among trap catches and the following three meteorological conditions: (1) the average temperature during January?CFebruary in North Vietnam (T NV), where planthoppers successfully overwinter; (2) the strong upper wind from North Vietnam to South China in April?CMay (UWVC), when the first stage of migration occurs; (3) the strong upper wind from South China to Kyushu in June?CJuly (UWCJ), when the second stage of migration occurs. In 2008 and 2011, T NV values were 2.4?C3.0?°C below the 2000?C2011 average of 17.4?°C, and there were 9?C13 fewer days with a strong upper wind (UWVC?+?UWCJ) in April?CJuly compared with the 2000?C2011 average of 25?days. This study showed that the rice planthopper immigrant density during the last 12?years correlated significantly with T NV and the number of days with a strong upper wind (UWVC?+?UWCJ) in April?CJuly. Thus, the meteorological conditions affected the immigrant density of rice planthoppers in Kyushu. 相似文献