东北与华北大黑鳃金龟分类地位的研究（鞘翅目：鳃角金龟科）

采用RAPD技术和杂交方法对东北大黑鳃金龟（Holotrichia diomphalia Bates1888)和华北大黑鳃金龟（H.oblita(Faldermann1935)的分类地位进行了研究。作者应用40条引物,采用UPDGA法对华北大黑的南京和文登种群。东北大黑的沈阳种群。以及其外群矮臀鳃金龟（H.ernesti Reitter)进行了RAPD分析。所建立的系统发育树显示,东北大黑具有与华北大黑两个地理种群相同的分类地位。同时,作者对两种金龟甲进行了正反交的杂交试验。试验共得到21头正交F1代成虫,3头反交F1代成虫,F1代生活正常,采用东北大黑与F1代回交的方法研究F1代的可育性,2001年6月10日的检查结果显示,四个处理均得到大量回交杂种一龄幼虫和少量二龄幼虫,F1代的雌雄虫均具有正常的生殖力。以上结果表明;两种金龟的次异名。为无效名。     

重要地下害虫东北大黑鳃金龟研究进展

东北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia diomphalia是我国东北地区重要的蛴螬类地下害虫,主要危害麦类、玉米、豆类等大田作物,以及薯类、花生等经济作物。华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita和江南大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia gebleri是华北及江南地区的主要蛴螬类害虫。近年来,传统分类学、杂交实验以及分子生物学的研究都证明,3种鳃金龟是同一个物种的不同地理种群,这些研究成果使东北大黑鳃金龟从一个区域性害虫转变成为分布范围从东北到长江流域的广布害虫。本文综合介绍了东北大黑鳃金龟(包括华北大黑鳃金龟、江南大黑鳃金龟)近二十年来的研究成果,包括分类学、发生规律、防治措施,以及生理生化及分子生物学等,并对东北大黑鳃金龟的综合治理研究进行了展望。     

四个齿爪鳃金龟类群分类地位的RAPD分析

本应用RAPD技术对齿爪鳃金龟属（Holotrichia)的四个类群进行了分类地位的研究,结果表明,不同类群间的平均遗传距离分别为：华北大黑鳃金龟的登种群与南京种群间为0．346,登种群与东北大黑锶金龟间为0．375,南京种群与东北大黑鳃金龟间为0．359,矮臂锶金龟与登种群,南京种群和东北大黑鳃金龟间分别为0．552,0．545和0．534。对RAPD指纹图谱进行UPGMA聚类分析,系统发育树将以上四个类群分为了差异显的两大类,综合各项研究指标,东北大黑鳃金龟与华北大黑鳃金龟之间的差异为种群水平的变化,东北大黑鳃金龟与华北大黑鳃金龟属同种昆虫,按照动物命名法规,东北大黑鳃金龟应为华北大黑鳃金龟的同物异名。     

几种主要蛴螬(金龟子)的测报办法及应用的探讨

<正> 近年来,我们在开展花生蛴螬的综合防治研究中,对暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallelaMotschulsky(以下简称暗黑)、华北大黑鳃金龟H.oblita(Faldermann)(以下简称大黑)、铜绿丽金龟Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky(以下     

东北大黑鳃金龟幼虫近似种区分研究

大黑鳃金龟属Holotrichia Hope,是我国北方农、林,牧区最重要的为害优势类群,它们种类多、分布广、为害重。在辽宁初步查明有9种,其中最常见的是4种。即:东北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia diomphalia(Bates),远东大黑鳃金龟H.ernesti Reitter,小黑鳃金龟H.picea Waterhouse和暗黑鳃金龟H.parallela(Motschulsky)。     

土壤含水量对华北大黑鳃金龟生长发育的影响

室内试验研究土壤含水量对华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita Faldermann生长发育的影响。结果表明,土壤含水量对华北大黑鳃金龟的影响因其发育阶段的不同而异。卵期适宜土壤含水量为10%～20%,幼虫期、蛹期适宜土壤含水量分别为10%～15%和15%～20%。土壤含水量为10%～15%时,成虫性比接近1∶1。土壤含水量为15%时,世代存活率最高。     

四种鳃金龟对不同植物挥发物的触角电位反应

华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita Falderman、暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky、小黄鳃金龟Metabolus flavescens Brenske和福婆鳃金龟Brahmina faldermanni Kraatz有不同的寄主范围.本研究采用溶剂提取法...     

酵母双杂交筛选华北大黑鳃金龟触角均一化cDNA文库

昆虫错综复杂的嗅觉系统在昆虫寻找寄主、 交配、 产卵以及逃避行为中起到了至关重要的作用。因此, 对昆虫嗅觉感受机理的研究将有助于揭开昆虫感受和识别环境中的气味物质并引起相关行为反应的秘密。为了更多地了解华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita Faldermann 嗅觉相关蛋白互作机制, 本实验利用DUALhunter Starter Kits酵母双杂交筛选试剂盒, 构建了华北大黑鳃金龟气味结合蛋白OBP2诱饵载体, 筛选了华北大黑鳃金龟触角酵母双杂交系统均一化的cDNA文库。通过β-半乳糖苷酶活性检测以及GenBank中Blast比对分析, 以OBP2为诱饵鉴定出6个阳性互作物。我们推测其中的一种较强的阳性互作物凝固酶原可能是华北大黑鳃金龟在嗅觉识别过程中的相关蛋白。     

四种金龟成虫触角的板形感器和腔锥形感器形态对比

板形感器(placodea sensilla)和腔锥形感器(coeloconica sensilla)是金龟子类害虫最重要的两种嗅感器.本文运用扫描电子显微镜分别对铜绿丽金龟Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky、华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita Fald.、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis Reitter和暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky的雌雄成虫触角的板形感器和腔锥形感器进行了对比观察.结果表明,四种金龟成虫触角的板形感器和腔锥形感器形态既有相似性,但也存在显著差异,表现出较高的形态多样性,如铜绿丽金龟板形感器表面特化形成龟纹、华北大黑鳃金龟的梭形腔锥形感器等.研究结果丰富了四种金龟的比较形态学理论,也为金龟子的系统分类学研究积累了资料.     

华北大黑鳃金龟成虫对三种植物的取食选择及趋性行为反应

【目的】本研究旨在明确华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita成虫对3种植物的趋向选择性与取食偏好性的关系及其成因。【方法】利用Y型嗅觉仪和叶面积仪等分别测定华北大黑鳃金龟成虫对榆树Ulmus parvifolia、苘麻Abutilon theophrasti和蓖麻Ricinus communis 3种植物的趋向性和取食量,采用GC-MS分析鉴定这3种植物挥发物的成分,观测其对主要成分的嗅觉反应。【结果】华北大黑鳃金龟成虫对蓖麻的趋向性显著强于对苘麻和榆树的趋向性(P0.05),对苘麻和榆树的趋向程度相当;但对榆树叶片的取食量最大(P0.05),对苘麻和蓖麻叶片的取食量相近,雌虫与雄虫的取食量没有显著差异(P0.05)。通过GC-MS分析鉴定发现,3种植物挥发物主要成分有明显差异。嗅觉反应结果显示,在10μg/μL浓度下,顺-3-己烯基异丁酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯、芳樟醇、苯酚、水杨酸甲酯和β-石竹烯等化合物对华北大黑鳃金龟的吸引力都显著强于对照(正己烷);但3-蒈烯、反-2-壬烯醛和α-水芹烯对华北大黑鳃金龟的吸引力弱于对照,并呈显著差异(P0.05)。【结论】华北大黑鳃金龟成虫对榆树、苘麻和蓖麻的趋向选择性不等同于取食偏好性。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism