云南叶螨属二新种记述(蜱螨目:叶螨科)

在鉴定云南叶螨标本时,发现叶螨属二新种,兹记述如下。模式标本保存于上海农学院。(文内量度单位均为微米)。 野葵叶螨Tetranychus malvae新种(图1—7) 雌螨 体长(包括喙)556,体宽344。体椭圆形,红色。 须肢端感器圆柱形,长6.2,宽4.2。背感器棒形,长6.7。两刺状毛长度约等,为8.5。口针鞘前端圆钝。气门沟U形弯曲。 背表皮纹纤细,在第三对背中毛间和内骶毛间为纵向,形成菱形纹。背毛12对(缺臀毛),刚毛状,具细茸毛,不着生在结节上。背毛长于横列间距。背毛长度如下:第1—3     

中国始叶螨属四新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:叶螨科)

始叶螨属(Eotetranychus Oudemans,1931)是叶螨科中较大的一个属。自1931年建属以来,种数不断迅速增加,目前已知种数达150余种,仅次于叶小爪属(OligotetrangchusBerlese)。国内自60年代开始研究,迄今已发现30种。作者在研究华东园林叶螨时,发现了该属叶螨四新种,兹记述如下。模式标本保存于上海农学院植保系。文中测量单位     

华东叶螨—新属—新种（蜱螨目：叶螨科）

作者在研究园林叶螨时,在安徽黄山发现了属于叶螨族Tetranychini Reck,1950的一新属新种,属订名为忻叶螨属Xinella gen.nov.,,以示作者对复旦大学忻介六教授的崇高敬意和感谢。忻叶螨属Xinella Ma et Wang,新属 模式种:黄山忻叶螨Xinella huangshanensis,新种。     

中国叶螨科一新纪录

墨西哥叶螨Tetranychus mexicanus (McGregor)中国新纪录。墨西哥叶螨隶属于叶螨属、叶螨亚属、突叶螨种团(The Tumidus Group)。该种团中各个种的爪间突背面均具有一大型背距。墨西哥叶螨与该种团中其他种类的鉴别特征是：阳具端锤与柄部平行，前侧突短而尖，远侧突也尖，但明显地长于前侧突。     

新疆岩螨属一新种：蜱螨目：叶螨科

岩螨属Petrobia Murray,1877至今全世界已知32种。我国曾报道过4种(王慧芙,1981)。本文记述1新种。测量单位为μm。新疆岩螨Petrobia xinjiangensis Tan et Wang,新种(图1—13) 雌螨:体长467,包括喙591,宽364;卵圆形,褐红色。 须肢跗节长为宽的2倍,背感器棒形,具明显横纹;端感器和刺突均为刺状,等长。口针鞘前端圆钝;气门沟末端缠结,个体间形状、大小有差异。 前足体背中央部位光滑,侧面表皮纹纵向;后半体背表皮纹横向。背毛粗壮,近末     

基于形态和分子数据的山东梨园新成灾害螨柑橘全爪螨的鉴定

【目的】本研究旨在准确鉴定山东梨园一种新成灾害螨,为其进一步研究和有效防控奠定基础。【方法】采用体视显微镜直接观察雌成螨的形态特征,制作雄成螨的侧面观玻片标本,观察其阳茎形态特征,进行形态鉴定。从单头雌成螨中提取基因组总DNA,以螨类特异性引物扩增线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ, COⅠ)基因及核糖体DNA第一内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer 1, ITS1)和第二内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer 2, ITS2)基因并测序,所得序列在NCBI网站上进行Blastn比对,下载与其一致性高的相关基因序列构建系统发育树和计算遗传距离,进行分子鉴定。【结果】结果表明,梨树上害螨的雌成螨背部有粗大突起,可确定为全爪螨属Panonychus害螨。雄螨阳茎特征与柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri的很相似,其COⅠ, ITS1和ITS2基因序列均与柑橘全爪螨的相应序列具有很高的同源性(核苷酸序列一致性在99%以上),基于COⅠ, ITS1和ITS2基因序列计算的其与柑橘...     

中国叶螨科─新纪录

中国叶螨科─新纪录程立生（华南热带作物学院植保系海南儋州５７１７３７）关键词中国，叶螨科，叶螨属，新纪录ＡＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＯＦＣＨＩＮＥＳＥＴＥＴＲＡＮＹＣＨＩＤＡＥ￥ＣｈｅｎｇＬｉｓｈｅｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ...     

中国广叶螨属二新种：蜱螨亚纲：叶螨科

本文记述广叶螨属２新种,武夷广叶螨Ｅｕｒｙｔｅｔｒａｎｙｃｈｕｓ ｗｕｙｉｓｈａｎｅｎｉｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和青刚广叶满Ｅ．ｃｙｃｌｂａｌａｎｏｐｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

新疆苔螨属一新种：（蜱螨目：叶螨科）

在鉴定新疆叶螨科苔螨属标本时,发现一新种。模式标本保存在石河子农学院标本室。白刺苔螨Bryobia nitrariae,新种(图1-9) 雌螨:体长435μm,包括喙475μm,宽326μm。体椭圆形,褐色。须肢跗节圆柱形,长为宽的1.5倍。端感器杆状,两侧刺状毛稍长于端感器,略呈弧形;背感器杆状,与刺状毛等长。口针鞘前端微凹。气门沟不甚发达,端部有小室。     

中国单头螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲：叶螨科)

中国单头螨属一新种（蜱螨亚纲：叶螨科）谭瑞成,鲁素玲（湖南省林业科学研究所长沙４１０００４）（新疆石河子农学院新疆８３２００３）单头螨属ＡｐｌｏｎｏｂｉａＷＯｍｅｒｓｌｅｙ,１９４０前足体背毛３对,后半体背毛１０对,全部或部分背毛着生在明显结节Ｌ,背...     

Restriction fragment length polymorphism catalog for molecular identification of Japanese Tetranychus spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Species identification is a basic issue in biosecurity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a useful molecular diagnostic tool for species identification. However, the lack of transferability of data has been a serious shortcoming of this method. A RFLP catalog, i.e., a graph of PCR-RFLP patterns expected from sequence data, was devised as a tool to facilitate PCR-RFLP data sharing among laboratories. Twelve species of Tetranychus spider mites have been recorded in Japan to date. In this study, we analyzed DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in nuclear ribosomal DNA of 11 Tetranychus species. For the species identification using PCR-RFLP, we chose six candidates from 131 restriction endonucleases and developed an RFLP catalog of all known Japanese Tetranychus species except Tetranychus neocaledonicus André. The RFLP catalog revealed that most Tetranychus species had diagnostic restriction fragments. The RFLP catalog is transferable and simple molecular diagnostic tool, and it has the ability to add more species and newly found intraspecific variations. Therefore, we believe that the RFLP catalog will contribute to biosecurity as a practical diagnostic tool for species identification of spider mites.     

Genetic affinities between adjacent populations of spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch)

The interbreeding potentials of nine populations of spider mites were examined. The populations were gathered from horticultural crops in different glasshouses in a limited area of Aalsmeer. A great variety of genetic incompatibilities between these populations was found. In most crossing a partial sterility of the hybrids, as measured by egg hatchability, occurred. Some crosses showed reciprocal differences. It was suggested that genetic divergence of these adjacent populations arises especially from the haplo-diploid nature of spider mites.

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Zusammenfassung Die Kreuzbarkeit von neun Spinnmilben-Populationen wurde untersucht. Die Populationen wurden von Gartenpflanzen verschiedener Gewächshäuser in einem bestimmten Gebiet von Aalsmeer gesammelt. Es zeigte sich eine große Variabilität in der genetischen Verträglichkeit zwischen diesen Populationen. Bei den meisten Kreuzungen trat, gemessen an der Schlüpffähigkeit der Eier, eine partielle Sterilität der Hybriden auf. Einige Kreuzungen wiesen reziproke Unterschiede auf. Es wird vermutet, daß die genetische Divergenz dieser aneinandergrenzenden Populationen speziell auf der haplo-diploiden Natur der Spinnmilben beruht.

     

Behavioural response of spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) to induced resistance of cotton plants

ABSTRACT.

• 1 Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) given a choice between a cotton plant previously damaged by mites and an undamaged control preferentially moved to the control plant.
• 2 This host-choice behaviour was seen in adult female mites but not in immatures.
• 3 Adult females were not found to be significantly more fecund on control plants than on previously damaged plants, but the duration of this choice experiment precluded full assessment of effects on fecundity.
• 4 Mites responded very quickly, choosing previously undamaged plants without contacting or feeding on the test plants. This suggests that an olfactory response to a chemical substance(s) is involved.

     

Sexual selection and mating behavior in spider mites of the genus Tetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

As sexual selection is a coevolutionary process between males and females, various morphological and behavioral traits have evolved in each sex. In the tetranychid mites Tetranychus urticae Koch and T. kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae), males can mate repeatedly, whereas females normally accept only the first copulation for fertilization. Since early times, it had been reported that males engage in precopulatory mate guarding and combat against conspecifics for females to enhance their reproductive success. On the other hand, it was believed that females do not have opportunities to choose their mates. In the last 10 or so years, however, several new findings related to mating behavior were reported. Some of the findings reinforce our established knowledge, whereas some of them explode it. Here, I review the mating behavior of T. urticae and T. kanzawai by incorporating recent findings and then propose a new direction for future research.     

Desiccation tolerance in diapausing spider mites Tetranychus urticae and T. kanzawai (Acari: Tetranychidae)

We investigated the effects of changes in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on the survival of diapausing (winter form) and non-diapausing (summer form) spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae). Adult females of both species were kept without food at VPDs of 0.0, 0.4, 0.7, 1.5, 1.9, or 2.7 kPa for 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 days at 25 °C. Diapausing females of both species kept at a VPD of ≥0.4 kPa for ≥6 days clearly tolerated desiccation. Under water-saturated conditions (VPD = 0.0 kPa), in which no desiccation occurred, diapausing females showed high starvation tolerance: 90 % survived for up to 15 days. No interspecific differences in tolerance to desiccation or starvation were observed under most conditions. These results indicate that diapause functions increase tolerance to desiccation and starvation. Such multiple tolerances to harsh environments might support winter survival in spider mites.     

截形叶螨分子鉴定技术的建立及其应用

叶螨体型微小,田间种群变异较大,传统的形态鉴定方法耗时长,技术难以掌握。为了寻找截形叶螨Tetranychus truncatus Ehara的快速分子鉴定技术,本研究筛选RAPD扩增条带中截形叶螨的特异性引物,并由此转化为稳定的SCAR标记。结果表明,由引物OPB-04扩增截形叶螨出现了一条717 bp的特异性条带(GenBank登录号为JF816665),基于此片段设计了一对特异性的SCAR引物(Tt-303F和Tt-303R),优化PCR扩增条件和程序,从截形叶螨的不同发育阶段中均可成功扩增出一条特异性的303 bp的DNA条带,而在其它近似叶螨种类中未扩增到该条带,且该SCAR引物对在北京地区茄子和菜豆寄主上采集的截形叶螨田间种群上也成功得到了验证。     

Genetic fine structure and complementation at the albino locus in spider mites (Tetranychus species: Acarina)

Two mutations inTetranychus urticae and nine inTetranychus pacificus, all originating spontaneously, block the production of red and yellow carotenoid pigments in these spider mite species. Inter-mutant crosses were carried out to study complementation and recombination relationships between the mutations. InT. urticae, the two albino mutants complement one another completely, i.e., crosses between them produce wild-type hybrid females; while they recombine with a frequency of 0.05%. Of the nine mutants inT. pacificus, fivep mutants in general are complementary to a high degree with foura mutants.p mutants fail to complement one another, while somea mutants are mutually complementary to a slight degree. Scoring the degree of complementation produced by all possible combinations of mutants permits the construction of a linear complementation map. Certain combinations, however, are exceptional to such a representation. Moreover, marked reciprocal differences in complementation indicate that maternal effects are involved, implying that the albino locus may control more than one enzymatic step. Attempts to derive a genetic map were impeded by the absence of suitable linked markers, by a pronounced maternal effect (high pigmentation) in the haploid F₂ males, and by the appearance of pseudowild type F₂ males. The given genetic sequence, although comparable in a limited fashion to the complementation map, is considered tentative. Pink types appeared in crosses with certainp mutants. These were due to mutation at a separate locus, called rose, and seem to involve the production of pink pigments in an alternative or substitute pathway. A scheme attempting to orientate the present state of understanding of pigmentation in spider mites is presented.This work forms part of a thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph. D. degree at the University of Amsterdam (1969).     

Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of spider mites (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) of Turkey

The family Tetranychidae includes many agriculturally important species known as spider mites. Their morphological identification is quite difficult due to the tiny size of their taxonomic characters and the requirement for high-level expertise. This may lead to pest misidentification and thus failure in pest management. DNA-based species identification seems to offer an alternative solution to overcome these issues. In the present study, two common molecular markers—Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2)—were used to identify 10 spider mite species from Turkey. Furthermore, genetic distances for several of them were assessed. Panonychus ulmi and Bryobia kissophila had the lowest (1.1%) and highest (4.5%) intra-specific genetic distances, respectively. In addition, integrative taxonomy allowed to identify Eotetranychus quercicola in Turkey as a new record. The sequences herein obtained will allow rapid species identification using molecular techniques and will contribute to resolve the phylogenetic history of spider mites.

     

Electrophoretic detection of enzyme variation among Japanese red-coloured spider mites of the genus Tetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The genetic variation in phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was studied in red-pigmented Japanese spider mites of the genus Tetranychus by means of poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The analysis revealed (1) that Tetranychus kanzawai possesses five and three alleles for PGI and MDH, respectively and that PGI allele frequencies clearly differ between the Hokkaido and the Honshu populations (2) that Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus pueraricola, two closely related species, have different alleles for PGI and (3) that two populations of Tetranychus piercei, a species which had only been found on the islands of Okinawa, were obtained from Honshu and that the PGI locus is fixed for different alleles in the two populations. The two enzyme systems are apparently useful not only for discrimination of spider mite species but also for the detection of intraspecific variation. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998