Stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression and fatty acid composition in milkfish (Chanos chanos) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) during cold acclimation

Desaturation of fatty acids is an important adaptation mechanism for fish to maintain membrane fluidity under thermal stress. To comprehend the temperature adaptation mechanism in fish, we investigated the difference in the changes of stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression and fatty acid composition between milkfish and grass carp under cold acclimation. We find that in both fish the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids at 15 degrees C are all higher than those at 25 degrees C. In milkfish Delta(9)-desaturation index (ratios of 16:1/16:0 and 18:1/18:0) increases significantly in the beginning of cold acclimation at 15 degrees C and decreases afterward, but in grass carp it increases slightly in the beginning of cold acclimation followed by a sustained dramatic increase. Similarly, activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase in milkfish increases significantly in the beginning, peaks at day 4, and then decreases constantly, but in grass carp it increases gradually in the first week, rises dramatically afterward, and then maintains a very high level. The change of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity is parallel to the change of Delta(9)-desaturation index in both milkfish and grass carp, but it is one day earlier than Delta(9)-desaturation index in milkfish. The difference of adaptation capability between milkfish and grass carp under cold stress is further evidenced by RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis of stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene expression.     

草鱼与鲢鱼肥胖基因克隆与序列分析

肥胖基因产物leptin是调节哺乳动物摄食、能量代谢等生命活动的重要细胞因子。 应用RT-PCR和RACE法获得了草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和鲢鱼(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) leptin基因的全长cDNA序列分别为1 096 bp和1 176 bp,编码173和172个氨基酸。氨基酸序列同源性分析表明,草鱼和鲢鱼的leptin序列与其它鲤科鱼类leptin的同源性较高,而与其他鱼类的leptin同源性很低,但所有鱼类的leptin均含有用于形成二硫键的高度保守的半胱氨酸。系统进化树分析显示,草鱼和鲢鱼leptin与其他鱼类leptin聚于一进化分支。应用PCR和Genome Walker方法,进一步获得了草鱼和鲢鱼leptin基因的内含子和5′侧翼区序列。结果表明,获得的草鱼和鲢鱼leptin基因长度分别为2 129 bp和2 192 bp,含有与其他脊椎动物leptin相似的基因结构（含三个外显子和两个内含子）。本研究为深入研究鱼类肥胖基因结构功能关系与鱼类抗肥胖品系定向遗传选育奠定了良好的基础。     

草鱼瘦素受体基因片段序列的克隆及其组织表达分析

根据斑马鱼、大西洋鲑和人等物种巴知的瘦素受体基因核苷酸保守区序列设计一对简并引物,通过RT-PCR法从草鱼肝胰脏中首次克隆获得草鱼瘦素受体基因的片段序列.该片段序列长713 bp,编码237个氨基酸,氨基酸序列分析表明草鱼瘦素受体基因片段氨基酸序列与其他物种的相似性在35％ -86％之间.通过邻接法(Neighbor Joining,NJ)构建系统进化树显示,鱼类的瘦素受体独立聚成一支,草鱼与金鱼、斑马鱼聚成一支,再与日本青鳉、黑点青鳉、红鳍东方鲀和大西洋鲑聚成一支.通过实时荧光定量PCR分析草鱼瘦素受体基因的组织差异表达,结果表明,草鱼瘦素受体基因在肝胰脏、肌肉、脑、心脏、脾和肠系膜脂肪组织中均有表达,其中在脾脏组织中表达量最多,显著高于其他组织(P＜0.05),其次是心脏、脑、肌肉和肠系膜脂肪组织,在肝胰脏组织中表达量最低,且显著低于其他组织(P＜0.05).     

草鱼生肌因子5基因的克隆及其组织表达谱分析

目的:获得草鱼生肌因子5(Myf-5)基因序列,分析其在草鱼不同组织和不同发育阶段中的表达规律。方法:根据鲤鱼Myf-5基因序列设计引物,用草鱼肌肉组织总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增其Myf-5基因序列;利用半定量RT-PCR分析草鱼Myf-5基因在草鱼不同组织和不同发育阶段的mRNA表达特性。结果:获得了草鱼Myf-5基因开放读框序列723 bp,GenBank登录号为GU290227;该基因编码由240个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白,具有MyoD家族基因的典型性碱性螺旋-环-螺旋(bHLH)结构,其氨基酸序列与斑马鱼、鲤鱼、虹鳟、大西洋鲑等的同源性较高(74%~97%),与哺乳动物和禽类如人、小鼠、大鼠、猪、牛和鸡的同源性较低(56%~60%);在草鱼红肌、白肌、肝胰脏、肾脏、脑和肠中均检测到Myf-5基因的表达,红肌、白肌和脑组织中Myf-5基因mRNA的表达量显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);草鱼Myf-5基因的表达随着其生长发育呈下降趋势,在较大规格试验鱼(500 g)中的表达显著低于其他2种规格(50~60 g、120~130 g)的试验鱼(P<0.05)。结论:获得了草鱼Myf-5基因序列,其在红肌、白肌和脑组织中的表达量显著高于其他组织,并随生长发育呈下降趋势,为研究Myf-5在草鱼肌肉发育过程中的作用提供了基础资料。     

草鱼免疫相关基因Prkrip1的克隆和表达分析

随着草鱼养殖规模的扩大, 草鱼的病毒性疾病极大地影响着草鱼的产量。开展鱼类病毒免疫反应相关功能基因的研究意义重大。研究首先通过同源克隆的方法从草鱼中克隆到了一段Prkrip1基因的EST序列, 进一步通过RACE、长片段PCR和Genome walking的方法获得了该基因的全长cDNA序列、基因组DNA序列和启动子区序列。氨基酸序列分析显示, Prkrip1含有3个核定位信号和一个双链RNA结合区, 并具有与PKR结合的保守N端区; 荧光报告基因的表达证实我们所克隆到的启动子区是有活性的, 可用于后续该基因的转录调控分析; Real-time PCR分析发现, Prkrip1 基因在草鱼的肝和血中表达量最高, GCRV感染后在大部分免疫组织中均上调表达, 说明该基因确实与病毒感染相关。研究结果为Prkrip1基因在硬骨鱼类的功能研究提供了线索, 也为鱼类天然免疫反应中调控PKR信号通路的系统研究提供了理论依据。       

草鱼腺苷酸基琥珀酸裂解酶克隆及序列分析

腺苷酸基琥珀酸裂解酶(Adenylosuccinate lyase,ADSL)是嘌呤核苷酸合成过程中的关键酶.研究以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肠道cDNA文库为基础,应用PCR、RT-PCR和RACE技术,成功获得了草鱼肠道组织腺苷酸基琥珀酸裂解酶基因的cDNA全长和基凶组DNA全长.该基因全长1584 bp,包含一个1449 bp的开放阅读框,编码482个氨基酸,与其他脊椎动物比对显示,其序列具有较高的保守性.草鱼腺苷酸基琥珀酸裂解酶基因组DNA由13个外显子和12个内含子组成,其外显子拼接位点非常保守.遵循GT-AG原则.     

Molecular cloning of ribosomal protein L26 (RPL26) cDNA from Ailuropoda melanoleuca and its potential value in phylogenetic study

The cDNA fragment of ribosomal protein L26 (RPL26) was cloned from Ailuropoda melanoleuca using RT-PCR method. The cDNA fragment is composed of 475 bp, containing an open reading frame of 145 amino acids. Alignment analyses indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence showed high identity to other known RPL26 sequences from vertebrates and invertebrates. The cDNA sequence was used to construct phylogenetic trees with other known vertebrate and invertebrate RPL26 sequences, and the obtained trees demonstrated similar topology with the classical systematics, indicating the potential value of RPL26 gene in phylogenetic analysis.     

Temperature-dependent expression patterns of grass carp fast skeletal myosin heavy chain genes

Three types of myosin heavy chain cDNA clone named 10 °C, intermediate and 30 °C types were isolated from fast skeletal muscles of thermally acclimated grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Three clones encompassing parts of 3′-translated and entire 3′-untranslated regions showed high heterogeneities in their nucleotide sequences in the 3′-untranslated region. The comparison in the deduced amino acid sequence of the 10 °C-type clone with those of the intermediate- and 30 °C-type clones showed 88% and 89% identities, respectively. By contrast, the deduced amino acid sequence of the intermediate-type clone shared much higher identity of 97% with its 30 °C-type counterpart. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the 10 °C- and 30 °C-type clones were predominantly expressed in grass carp acclimated to 10 and 30 °C, respectively. The intermediate type was expressed both in grass carp acclimated to 20 and 30 °C. Furthermore, expression patterns of the three myosin heavy chain genes were altered in accompaniment with seasonal temperature fluctuation. In autumn and winter grass carp expressed the 10 °C-type gene almost exclusively, whereas it was completely replaced by the intermediate- and 30 °C-type genes in spring and summer.These results suggest that tetraploid grass carp also undergo an adaptation to fluctuating environmental temperatures by selectively expressing fast skeletal myosin heavy chain isoforms as do diploid common carp previously reported.     

银鲫肌酸激酶M3-CK cDNA的克隆及其表达特征

用抑制性差减杂交结合SMART cDNA合成和RACE—PCR技术克隆到雌核发育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)肌酸激酶M3-CK基因的全长cDNA。银鲫M3-CK cDNA全长1551bp，编码380个氨基酸，与普通鲤鱼(cyprinus carpio)M3-CK的氨基酸序列同源性高达95％。种系分析表明，银鲫M3-CK与其它脊椎动物的肌肉型肌酸激酶聚为较近的一支，与鲤鱼的M3-CK聚在一起，与脑特异型肌酸激酶及线粒体型肌酸激酶分歧较大。虚拟Northern杂交显示银鲫M3-CK基因在胚胎发育中差异表达。RT—PCR表明，银鲫M3-CK基因在成熟卵母细胞和胚胎发育早期可检测到少量的转录产物，在胚胎发育期间从肌肉效应期开始转录，并一直持续表达。组织RT—PCR表明，银鲫M3-CK基因只在心脏和肌肉表达。     

草鱼α1-抗胰蛋白酶基因cDNA全长克隆与表达分析

采用RACE技术获得α1-抗胰蛋白酶基因cDNA全长序列为1 469 bp,开放阅读框为1 329 bp,可编码442个氨基酸。5′非编码区长19 bp,3′非编码区长121 bp。核苷酸序列分析表明,在N端可能存在一个由1～21位氨基酸残基组成的信号肽;与斑马鱼的同源性最好,其次是虹鳟;在系统进化上,与在斑马鱼、虹鳟共聚为一个大支。用半定量RT-PCR分析正常及细菌诱导下草鱼α1-抗胰蛋白酶基因在不同组织中的表达分布。结果显示:正常情况下,草鱼α1-抗胰蛋白酶在肝脏表达最丰富,在脾脏、前肾、前肠、中肠、后肠和也有少量表达;细菌诱导下,肝脏中表达最强,前肾、脾脏、肠道中表达均明显提高,心脏和后肾中也出现较高表达。提示α1-抗胰蛋白酶可能参与了机体对嗜水气单胞菌感染的免疫应答。     

Structure, organization and expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) SLP-76 gene

SLP-76 is an important member of the SLP-76 family of adapters, and it plays a key role in TCR signaling and T cell function. Partial cDNA sequence of SLP-76 of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was isolated from thymus cDNA library by the method of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Subsequently, the full length cDNA of carp SLP-76 was obtained by means of 3' RACE and 5' RACE, respectively. The full length cDNA of carp SLP-76 was 2007 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 285 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 240 bp, and an open reading frame of 1482 bp. Sequence comparison showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of carp SLP-76 had an overall similarity of 34-73% to that of other species homologues, and it was composed of an NH2-terminal domain, a central proline-rich domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated the existence of a Gads binding site R-X-X-K, a 10-aa-long sequence which binds to the SH3 domain of LCK in vitro, and three conserved tyrosine-containing sequence in the NH2-terminal domain. Then we used PCR to obtain a genomic DNA which covers the entire coding region of carp SLP-76. In the 9.2k-long genomic sequence, twenty one exons and twenty introns were identified. RT-PCR results showed that carp SLP-76 was expressed predominantly in hematopoietic tissues, and was upregulated in thymus tissue of four-month carp compared to one-year old carp. RT-PCR and virtual northern hybridization results showed that carp SLP-76 was also upregulated in thymus tissue of GH transgenic carp at the age of four-months. These results suggest that the expression level of SLP-76 gene may be related to thymocyte development in teleosts.     

一个鼻咽癌相关EST的鉴定及其全长cDNA序列分析

鼻咽癌是我国南方及东南亚地区常见的恶性肿瘤之一.通过对鼻咽癌染色体高频率杂合性丢失区域3p21的表达序列标签(expressedsequencetag,EST)进行同源性比较分析,运用逆转录聚合酶链式反应的方法,筛选到一个在41.18%(14/34)的鼻咽癌活检组织及20.0%(1/5)的鼻咽癌细胞系中表达下调的ESTBG772301;并用Northern杂交方法,检测了该EST在多种正常成人组织中的表达状况及其所代表基因的转录本大小.在此基础上,对该EST来源的cDNA克隆(IMAGE:4839190)进行直接测序,获得了一个全长为2377bp的新cDNA序列;经生物信息学分析,发现它与已知基因序列无明显同源性,属于一个新基因,定位于染色体3p21.3,被命名为鼻咽癌表达下调基因(NPCEDRG,GenBank登录号:AF538150).其编码的蛋白质含169个氨基酸,与一个已报道的在进化上相对保守、功能未知的人类蛋白Nicolin1(简称NICN1)N端170个氨基酸残基的序列同源性为97%,但缺少NICN1蛋白C端43个氨基酸残基,可能是nicolin1基因不同剪接本的编码产物.     

鲤鱼肝胰脏cDNA 文库的表达序列标签分析及Lb-Fabp mRNA的特征

本文构建了鲤鱼肝胰脏cDNA 文库,共获得了1016条有效的表达序列标签。拼接组装成115 个contigs和282 个singletons。其中215个拼接序列在GenBank公共数据库中寻找到相对应的基因。对它们进行功能性分类和比较分析为鲤鱼肝胰脏的研究提供了基因表达信息的基础。文库中1016条表达序列标签有11条代表了鲤鱼肝基本型脂肪酸结合蛋白(Lb-FABP)。通过序列比较我们获得了两个具有相同开放阅读框长度的Lb-Fabp cDNAs。开放阅读框全长381bp,编码126个氨基酸。半定量RT-PCR结合Southern blot技术研究了Lb-Fabp mRNA 在成鱼不同组织以及早期发育不同时期的表达图式。结果表明,Lb-Fabp mRNA 在肝胰脏、中肠和后肠中表达量较高。同时在精巢和皮肤中有低水平的表达。脑、肌肉、卵巢、肾脏、脾脏、鳃和心脏等组织中其表达量更低。而在脂肪和前肠中则没有检测到Lb-FabpmRNA表达。Lb-Fabp mRNA 最早在胚体形成期检测到有低水平表达,随后的发育阶段中表达量逐渐升高。鲤鱼Lb-Fabp基因的表达图式提示在肝脏和肠等器官开始发育后,它可能在脂肪代谢中具有重要作用。     

鲤鱼肌肉生长抑制素基因(MSTN)的克隆及其组织表达特征

肌肉生长抑制素(Myostatin,MSTN)是动物肌肉发育和生长过程中的负调控因子,对MSTN的研究将有助于促进动物生产。鲤鱼是我国的主要淡水养殖对象之一。因此,我们采用RT-PCR方法克隆了鲤鱼MSTN cDNA(No.EF551058)的部分序列,长度为921bp,编码306个氨基酸残基。鲤鱼MSTN具有MSTN的共同特征,有蛋白酶水解位点RIRR和9个保守的半胱氨酸残基。多重序列比较发现其与斑马鱼GDF8有极近的亲缘关系,96.7%的氨基酸序列同源。不同组织的RT-PCR分析发现鲤鱼MSTN主要在肌肉和脑部表达,而其他所检测组织未见表达。鲤鱼MSTN不仅在肌肉生长发育中发挥作用,可能在神经系统发育中也有其作用。     

Molecular cloning and characterization of complementary DNA encoding for the gonadotropin α-subunit of yellowfin porgy (Acanthopagrus latus)

Recombinant phage clones containing the complementary DNA (cDNA) coding for the a-subunit of gonadotropin (GTH) were isolated from a pituitary gland cDNA library of yellowfin porgy ( Acanthopagrus latus ) by using a degenerate oligonucleotide based on the conserved amino acids sequence of GTH from other species as a probe. This section of 735 base pairs (bp) cDNA contained a 351 bp open reading frame with 20 bp and 345 bp flanking regions at the 5'- and 3'-ends, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a 23 amino acid signal peptide and a 94 amino acid mature α-subunit of GTH polypeptide. The latter polypeptide showed 66, 62 and 61% amino acid identity with chum salmon, pike eel and carp GTH peptide hormone α-subunit, respectively.