我国林业基础研究刍议

自然科学基础研究是整个科学技术研究的重要组成部分,是应用研究及高技术研究的奠基石。作为自然科学中的一个组成部分,林业科学亦不例外,其应用研究和开发研究的成功和发展在很大程度上依赖于林业基础研究的深化,即对森林自然现象的认识和了解。林业基础研究在宏观方面,主要是揭示森林发生、发育的客观规律及原理,包括森林生物间相互依存、相互制约的机理研究,森林生物多样性的研究,森林生态系统的研究,森林群体遗传规律的研究,林业基本科学数据的收集、整理及分类研究,森林病虫害发生规律的研究,森林与外界环境的相互关系研究,森林资源动态变化规律以及森林经营活动中的自然规律研究。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

正《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,月刊,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

正《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,月刊,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国微生物学会和中国科学院微生物研究所主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

正《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,月刊,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

<正>《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,     

青蒿素生物合成机理研究现状

本文总结了目前有关青蒿素生物合成机理方面的研究,主要包括青蒿素生物合成中生理因子的影响,青蒿素生物合成中间体及前体,青蒿素生物合成细胞定位等。指出了存在的一些问题及今后的研究发展前景。     

Analysis of evolution of exon-intron structure of eukaryotic genes

The availability of multiple, complete eukaryotic genome sequences allows one to address many fundamental evolutionary questions on genome scale. One such important, long-standing problem is evolution of exon-intron structure of eukaryotic genes. Analysis of orthologous genes from completely sequenced genomes revealed numerous shared intron positions in orthologous genes from animals and plants and even between animals, plants and protists. The data on shared and lineage-specific intron positions were used as the starting point for evolutionary reconstruction with parsimony and maximum-likelihood approaches. Parsimony methods produce reconstructions with intron-rich ancestors but also infer lineage-specific, in many cases, high levels of intron loss and gain. Different probabilistic models gave opposite results, apparently depending on model parameters and assumptions, from domination of intron loss, with extremely intron-rich ancestors, to dramatic excess of gains, to the point of denying any true conservation of intron positions among deep eukaryotic lineages. Development of models with adequate, realistic parameters and assumptions seems to be crucial for obtaining more definitive estimates of intron gain and loss in different eukaryotic lineages. Many shared intron positions were detected in ancestral eukaryotic paralogues which evolved by duplication prior to the divergence of extant eukaryotic lineages. These findings indicate that numerous introns were present in eukaryotic genes already at the earliest stages of evolution of eukaryotes and are compatible with the hypothesis that the original, catastrophic intron invasion accompanied the emergence of the eukaryotic cells. Comparison of various features of old and younger introns starts shedding light on probable mechanisms of intron insertion, indicating that propagation of old introns is unlikely to be a major mechanism for origin of new ones. The existence and structure of ancestral protosplice sites were addressed by examining the context of introns inserted within codons that encode amino acids conserved in all eukaryotes and, accordingly, are not subject to selection for splicing efficiency. It was shown that introns indeed predominantly insert into or are fixed in specific protosplice sites which have the consensus sequence (A/C)AG|Gt.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

山黧豆叶片蛋白质双向电泳技术的建立

以山黧豆叶片为材料,比较分析了蛋白质的不同提取方法,在此基础上着重于样品制备。对IPG胶条的选择,第一向等电聚焦和第二向SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的电泳程序及参数、染色方法等相关技术进行了比较和条件优化。结果显示：采用TCA-丙酮沉淀法提取蛋白质,裂解液中加入Tris-base作为蛋白酶抑制剂,等电聚焦电泳时延长低电压的电泳时间（30V、12h,500V、1h,1000V、2h）以促进盐离子泳出的方法对山黧豆叶片蛋白质进行双向电泳,并用考马斯亮蓝和银染复合染色法进行凝胶染色,能够获得蛋白点清晰的双向电泳图谱,说明用优化后的方法建立起的山黧豆叶片蛋白质双向电泳技术,蛋白质样品制备质量好,电泳分辨率高,完全适合于进一步的蛋白质组学研究。     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

激光联合注射曲安奈德治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的疗效分析

目的：分析激光联合注射曲安奈德治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的疗效。方法：将120例处于增殖期血管瘤患儿分成观察组和对照组各60例,观察组给予激光联合注射曲安奈德治疗,对照组采用激光治疗,比较两组患者的治疗疗效。结果：观察组和对照组的总有效率分别为96．7％和66．7％,两组比较具有显著差异,P〈0．05;对于表浅病灶,观察组治疗的有效率为96．8％,对照组为84．8％,两组之间无差异,P〉0．05;对于深部病灶,观察组和对照组的总有效率分别为96．6％和44．4％,具有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：激光联合注射曲安奈德治疗婴幼儿血管瘤具有较好的疗效,尤其对深部增殖期的血管瘤具有较好的效果,适合在临床推广应用。     

作物分枝的分子调控研究进展

分枝的数量及角度是决定作物株型的重要农艺性状.有效分枝数决定着作物的穗数或荚果数,进而决定着作物的产量;而分枝角度与光合效率、种植密度和抗病性密切相关,不仅影响作物的产量,也会影响作物的品质.由于分枝在作物生产中具有十分重要的作用,吸引了越来越多的研究者的注意,多个与分枝性状相关的关键基因被鉴定,分枝数目调控的分子机制...     

Areography of the Gymnosperms of China (1) Distribution of the Pinaceae of China

Nine of 10 genera and 119 of approximately 240 species of the Pinaceae occur in China, including 67 endemic species and two endemic genera. In this paper, the distributional maps of all the genera of the Pinaceae are presented (fig. 1-8). The horizontal and vertical distributions of species in each genus are discussed. The analysis of the distribution patterns of the genera indicates that some genera, such as Keteleeria, Tsuga, Pseudotsuga, Cathaya and Pseudolarix, are restricted to the area south of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River, and the others, i. e. Picea, Abies, Larix and Pinus, extend northward to northeastern China. However, all of the genera except Keteleeria and Pinus are not found in very dry areas and tropical mountainous regions of China. The monotypic genera, Cathaya and Pseudolarix, are distributed in eastern and central China. The genus Keteleeria consists of 10 species, 7 of which are concentrated in southern Guizhou, northern Guangxi, southwestern Hunan and easternmost Yunnan. The distribution of the remaining 6 genera shows the maximum concentration in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan. (Figs. 2-8). Furthermore, more than third of species of the Pinaceae (37.8%) are also concentrated in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan. where a great variety of habitats and different topographic features occur. It is apparent that to conduct our systematic and evolutionary studies on this family in these region is especially needed. The relations between the areal size and the tolerance of species are discussed. The distributions of macrofossils and microfossils of the genera of the Pinaceae ia China are given, and it has been proved that areas of most genera of the family were considerably larger in the past. than at present.     

Evaluation of new biomarkers of stress in saliva of sheep

Some routine handling procedures can produce stress in farm animals, and an adequate control of these stressors is important to avoid the negative effects on animal health and production. The measurement of biomarkers in saliva can be a suitable tool for the evaluation and control of stress. In this report, lipase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), total esterase (TEA) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in the saliva of sheep were evaluated as biomarkers of stress. For this purpose, they were measured after inducing stress by facing a dog (experiment 1) and shearing (experiment 2), and comparing them to other stress salivary biomarkers such as α-amylase (sAA) and cortisol, as well as heart rate (HR). Each analyte was measured at the basal time, and during and just after the end of the stressful stimulus, and at various times for the first hour after the period of stress induction. Values were compared with those obtained from a control group. Lipase was the only analyte that showed significant changes between the stress and the control group in both experiments. Although TEA and ADA increased after stress, no significant differences were seen compared with the control group. Lipase was correlated highly with sAA and HR, in experiment 1; and correlated moderately with cortisol and HR in experiment 2. Lipase showed the greatest percentage increase after the stressful stimuli and less overlap with the control group in the two experiments. From the results of this study it can be concluded that lipase, TEA, BChE and ADA are enzymes present in the saliva of sheep and that they can be measured by using simple and fast colorimetric methods. Further studies should be undertaken with regard to the possible application of lipase as a biomarker of stress in sheep.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。