冻干加热处理凝血因子类制剂的病毒灭活验证

在病毒灭活验证过程中,比较了冻干后不同加热方法对凝血因子类制剂中伪狂犬病毒(PRV)的灭活效果,包括80℃干烤72h、100℃水浴加热30min以及100℃蒸汽加热30min方法。结果表明80℃干烤72h对制品中PRV灭活较彻底,另外两种方法对制品中PRV的灭活效果均不理想。     

光学显微镜下细菌芽孢染色方法的探讨

由于细菌芽孢对水溶性染料具有较强的抗性,造成芽孢的染色较困难。加热、酸水解、机械摩擦等措施均可以提高芽孢的染色性能,对这些处理方法的优缺点进行分析,并对常规使用的Moeller法进行了改进,提出了一种更适合于微生物学实验课堂教学的细菌芽孢鉴别染色方法。     

ATP酶组织化学染色孵育方法比较

目的比较经典的ATP酶组织化学染色法中几种孵育方法优缺点,以用于临床诊断中肌纤维分型研究和肌肉疾病病理诊断。方法新鲜的肌肉组织用异戊烷-液氮冷冻,冰冻切片厚度7μm,组织化学染色采用ATP酶滴染法和浸染法两种,采用的两种孵育条件分别为37℃恒温箱(120~180)min和4℃冰箱过夜。结果 4℃过夜滴染的染色效果比37℃滴染的效果好;37℃浸染比4℃过夜浸染效果好。浸染过夜虽然容易有沉淀,但是使用前过滤ATP酶孵育液,染色效果仍然好。结论各种方法和实验条件的改变导致染色结果的不同,临床工作者可根据实际情况,在减少人力和试剂成本前提下,选择使用不同的ATP酶组织化学染色技术,使其得到更广泛的应用。     

改良高锰酸钾-草酸脱黑色素法在黑色素瘤苏木素-伊红染色和免疫组织化学检测中的应用

目的通过比较不同条件下高锰酸钾-草酸脱黑色素法在苏木素-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)和免疫组织化学检测中的应用,探讨最佳脱色条件。方法取富含黑色素的黑色素瘤组织切片,分别在40℃、45℃、50℃、55℃的0.5%高锰酸钾中脱色,每种温度下分别孵育2min、4min、6min、8min,然后1%草酸溶液处理30s×3次,水洗1min,比较HE染色效果,选取效果最好的高锰酸钾脱色条件(温度、时间)。基于HE最佳染色条件,将高锰酸钾处理时间减少2min,1%草酸溶液处理30s×3次,观察免疫组化染色效果。结果标本经0.5%高锰酸钾溶液,55℃水浴加热4min,1%草酸溶液处理30s×3次,HE染色效果最好;在此基础上,将处理时间减少到2min,免疫组织化学染色效果更好。结论改良后的高锰酸钾-草酸脱黑色素法既能彻底脱去组织内的色素颗粒,又能较完整的保留组织的抗原性,满足了临床病理对恶性黑色素瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断的需求。     

过热蒸汽处理对猪肉品质及氧化稳定性的影响

为改善猪肉食用品质,研究过热蒸汽处理对猪肉品质与氧化稳定性的影响,以确定适宜的过热蒸汽处理条件,为过热蒸汽处理肉制品提供理论基础和参考依据。以猪肉为原料,分析过热蒸汽在不同的处理温度及处理时间下对猪肉的理化性质、感官品质及氧化稳定性的影响。猪肉经过热蒸汽处理后,随着加热温度的升高和时间的延长,蒸煮损失增大,水分含量降低,pH上升,硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值增大,过氧化值呈先升高后降低的趋势。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)扫描结果显示：在同一加热时间下,随着加热温度的升高,猪肉肌纤维结构显著收缩。通过对猪肉的质构分析和感官评价可知：在同一加热时间下,随着加热温度的升高,猪肉的硬度与咀嚼性增加,弹性与回复性先增加后减小。综合感官评价与以上研究结果,猪肉在150℃过热蒸汽下处理25 min时,感官评分最高,食用效果最佳。     

介绍一种改良的油红O脂肪染色法

在日常病理诊断和科研工作中,显示组织内的脂肪常采用油红O进行染色。应用过程中发现,配制该染液所用的丙酮和异丙醇容易挥发,致使染液产生沉淀,染色时易在组织切片上留下红色的结晶,给染色结果的准确判断带来很大影响。为此,我们对染液配方进行了改进,收到较好效果。材料和方法1·标本人或动物的肝组织等,甲醛—钙液固定,冰冻切片,厚10μm。2·改良的油红O染色液油红O 0.5g,50%乙醇100m l。将油红O溶于乙醇内,且不断搅拌至完全溶解即可。配制好的染液置磨口瓶内保存备用。3·染色步骤①切片干燥后入50%乙醇稍洗;②油红O乙醇染液作用8m in…     

小肠腺三色染色法

我们采用三色染色的方法对小肠肠腺细胞进行染色,杯状细胞、潘氏细胞、胞质和肠腺基膜呈现三种不同的颜色。细胞形态清晰,对比鲜艳,收到了理想效果。材料和方法1·材料人小肠为手术切除新鲜标本。10%甲醛固定24-48h,常规脱水,石蜡包埋。2·方法石蜡切片厚4-6μm,切片脱蜡,蒸馏水洗2m in,复合染液染3-5m in,70%乙醇分色,蒸馏水洗1m in,阿利新蓝染5m in,蒸馏水轻洗;0·2%光绿复染胞质、肠腺基膜20s;70%盐酸乙醇分色;梯度乙醇脱水;二甲苯透明;中性树胶封固。3·染液配制(1)复合染液:1%伊红(1g伊红,70%乙醇100m l)40m l,2%偶氮桃红(2g偶氮桃红甲…     

HE染色细胞核灰染的处理方法比较研究

目的探讨HE染色细胞核灰染的处理方法,提高HE染色质量。方法收集10例HE染色发灰的胃粘膜、肠息肉和子宫内膜等不同类型的组织,重新切片,通过调整苏木素染色条件以及染色前对组织进行修复处理,设对照组,比较各种处理方法的染色效果。结果通过延长时间、水浴加热和微波加热等调整苏木素染色条件的方法以及水煮修复处理法能够不同程度地促进核染色,但灰染现象未能彻底解决。PBS、EDTA、柠檬酸分别采用高压和微波修复处理均能较好地改善HE染色细胞核灰染现象,以PBS微波处理法效果最佳。结论 PBS微波处理法是HE染色细胞核灰染现象的一种有效处理方法。     

网状纤维染色技术改进

目的探讨改进网状纤维染色氨银液配制方法与改进染色方法的可行性。方法改进网状纤维染色中氨银液的配制方法和染色方法,与传统染色方法比较其染色效果与脱片率。结果改进网状纤维染色方法切片背景清洁度、网状纤维清晰度、网状纤维与胶原纤维对比度3项指标的得分均显著高于传统方法;改进网状纤维染色方法切片脱片率低于传统方法。结论改进网状纤维染色氨银液配制方法、改进网状纤维染色方法,可提高氨银液配制的成功率,延长氨银液有效期,提高网状纤维的染色质量,减少网状纤维染色的脱片率。     

观察酵母菌子囊孢子及其形成过程的简易方法

以美蓝作染色亮剂,采用单染色的水浸片法观察酵母菌的子囊孢子,方法简便;观察子囊孢子形成过程中处于不同阶段的细胞形态,效果良好;可使生孢率的计算得以改进。     

Improved Coomassie Blue Dye-Based Fast Staining Protocol for Proteins Separated by SDS-PAGE

The time required to visualize proteins using Coomassie Blue dye has been significantly reduced with the introduction of fast staining protocols based on staining with a Coomassie Blue dye solution at boiling temperatures. However, fast stainings suffer from high gel backgrounds, reducing the signal-to-noise ratio and limiting the number of detectable spots in the case of 2D SDS-PAGE. The aim of this work was to eliminate the high gel background, and thus improve fast staining protocols based on Coomassie Blue dye. We show that merely replacing water with a 4 mM EDTA washing solution at boiling temperatures, results in a transparent gel background within 50 to 60 minutes of destaining. Moreover, when a combination of imidazole-zinc reverse staining and Coomassie Blue-based fast staining is used the sensitivity is improved significantly; nanogram amounts of proteins can be detected using 1D SDS-PAGE, and about 30% to 60% more spots can be detected with 2D SDS-PAGE in plasma, platelet, and rat brain tissue samples. This work represents an optimized fast staining protocol with improved sensitivity, requiring between 60 to 75 minutes to complete protein visualization.     

小麦条锈菌胞质游离钙离子动态检测方法的建立

胞质游离钙离子变化与植物病原真菌侵染寄主的动态过程具有重要的关联性。本研究以侵染小麦叶片的条锈菌31号生理小种(CYR31)为材料,以孵育法将Ca2+荧光探针Fluo-3-AM载入到小麦条锈菌细胞中,并结合激光共聚焦扫描显微技术,建立了测定侵染过程中条锈菌胞质游离Ca2+分布的试验方法。结果表明,采用10μmol/L Fluo-3-AM装载顺次进行低温4℃孵育1h,25℃孵育1h,可获得较为理想的条锈菌胞质游离Ca2+染色结果。该方法可用于检测不同侵染阶段的小麦条锈菌细胞质游离钙离子的分布变化,为进一步研究锈菌胞内钙离子动态与侵染寄主的关联性提供了技术支撑。     

Improved nuclear staining with mordant blue 3 as a hematoxylin substitute.

For progressive staining 1 g mordant blue 3, 0.5 g iron a alum and 10 ml hydrochloric acid are combined to make 1 liter with distlled water. Paraffin sections are stained 5 minutes blued in 0.5% sodium acetate for 30 seconds and counterstained with eosin. For regressive staining, 1 g dye, 9 g iron alum and 50 ml acetic acid are combined to make 1 liter with distilled water. Staining time is 5 minutes followed by differentiation in 1% acid alcohol and blueing in 0.5% sodium acetate. Counterstain with eosin. In both cases results very closely results very resemble a good hematoxylin and eosin.     

Squash Method for Meiosis in Ovules

The ordinary Feulgen or acetic-lacmoid squash tech-nic following fixation in freshly made Carnoy's fluid (alcohol, 6: chloroform, 3: glacial acetic acid, 1), provides an easy and reliable method of studying meiosis in ovules. After fixation for 1 day, the material was hardened in 95% ethyl alcohol for 1-2 days and taken to water by gradual hydration. For staining by the Feulgen method, the material was hydrolyzed 8-10 minutes in 1 N HO at 58-60°C., followed by staining in decolorized leuco basic fuchsin for 2 hours. The staining was intensified by transferring the material to water. After 15-20 minutes the water was replaced by 45% acetic acid. For staining by acetic-lacmoid, the ovules after fixation, hardening and hydration were transferred to standard acetic-lacmoid stain to which was added 1 drop of 1 N HCl to every 10 drops of stain. Gentle heat was applied till the stain started to give fumes. After allowing 20 minutes at room temperature the material was transferred to fresh acetic-lacmoid. Some 6-12 ovules were mounted either in a drop of 45% acetic acid or acetic-lacmoid, depending upon the Feulgen or acetic-lacmoid staining respectively. Gentle and repeated tapping over the cover glass by a blunt needle loosened the cells of integument and nucellus and finally left the megaspore mother cells undergoing meiosis, fully exposed to view. The process was carried out under constant observation using the low power of the microscope. The desired amount of flattening was brought about by light pressure over the cover glass and gentle heating. The preparations were made permanent by dehydrating in ethyl alcohol and mounting in Euparal.     

Luxol Fast Blue Arn: A New Solvent Azo Dye with Improved Staining Qualities for Myelin and Phospholipids

Luxol fast blue ARN (Du Pont, C.I. solvent blue 37) is a diarylguanidine salt of a sulfonated azo dye. This dye was compared with other Luxol blue and Luxol black dyes. Luxol fast blue ARN has improved staining qualities for phospholipids and myelin, and can advantageously be substituted for Luxol fast blue MBS (MBSN). Appropriate staining times for a 0.1% dye solution in 95% ethanol (containing 0.02% acetic add) at 35°-40° C range from 2-3 hr. After staining, the sections should be rinsed in 95% ethanol, rinsed in distilled water, and differentiated for 2 sec in 0.005% Li₂CO₃, rinsed in 70% ethanol, washed in water, and counterstained as required. Phospholipids and myelin selectively stain deep blue. A fixative containing CaCl₂, 1%; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, 0.5%; and formaldehyde, 10%, in water gave excellent results with brain. However, 10% formalin can be used. The staining of the phospholipids is probably due to the formation of dye-phospholipid complexes.     

Improved Nuclear Staining with Mordant Blue 3 as A Hematoxylin Substitute

For progressive staining 1 g mordant blue 3, 0.5 g iron alum and 10 ml hydrochloric acid are combined to make 1 liter with distilled water. Paraffin sections are stained 5 minutes, blued in 03% sodium acetate for 30 seconds and counterstained with eosin. For regressive staining, 1 g dye, 9 g iron alum and 50 ml acetic acid are combined to make 1 liter with distilled water. Staining time is 5 minutes followed by differentiation in 1% acid alcohol and blueing in 0.5% sodium acetate. Counterstain with eosin. In both cases results very closely resemble a good hematoxylin and eosin.     

An improved immunocytochemical procedure for high-sensitivity detection of incorporated bromodeoxyuridine

This report describes an improved immunochemical procedure to stain cells in suspension for incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and total DNA content. The procedure consists of five steps: chromatin proteins are extracted by treating with 0.1 M HCl and 0.7% Triton X-100 to facilitate DNA denaturation and to minimize nonspecific staining; cellular DNA is denatured by heating to 100 degrees C in distilled water; BrdUrd in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is stained using an immunochemical procedure; autofluorescence is reduced using sodium borohydride (NaBH4); and DNA is stained with the fluorescent dye propidium iodide. With this procedure, the BrdUrd incorporated by CHO cells during periods as short as a few seconds can be detected using flow cytometry. In addition, the stoichiometry of the immunofluorescent staining procedure is high.     

Cytochemistry for bromodeoxyuridine/DNA analysis: stoichiometry and sensitivity

This report describes an improved immunochemical procedure for staining cells in suspension for amount of incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and total DNA. In this procedure, cellular DNA is partially denatured by extracting the cells with 0.1 M HCl and then heating them to 80 degrees C in a 50% formamide solution. The cells are then immunofluorescently stained using a monoclonal antibody against BrdUrd in single-strand DNA (ssDNA) and counterstained for DNA content with propidium iodide (PI), a dye that fluoresces preferentially when bound to double-strand DNA (dsDNA). We show that the relative amounts of immunofluorescently stained BrdUrd in ssDNA and PI in dsDNA can be altered reciprocally by changing the formamide concentration, denaturation time, and denaturation temperature. We show that this new immunochemical staining procedure allows more complete DNA denaturation so that fivefold lower levels of BrdUrd incorporation can be quantified. In addition, we show that the BrdUrd-linked immunofluorescence achieved using the new denaturation procedure is more linearly related to cellular BrdUrd content than that achieved after acid DNA denaturation. However, cell loss is sufficiently severe with the thermal denaturation procedure that it may not be applicable to all cell types.     

Identification in Histological Sections of Species Origin of Cells from Mouse, Rat and Human

A simple method for identifying the species of origin of mammalian cells in tissue sections using Hoechst dye #33258 is described. This rapid procedure involves staining fresh frozen or formalin fixed paraffin sections with 4 µg/ml of Hoechst #33258 for one minute at room temperature; following one to five minutes of washing in running tap water, the slides are coverslipped using McIlvaine's buffer (pH 5.5) and sealed with clear lacquer. Sections examined by fluorescence microscopy indicate that mouse cells contain several small discrete intranuclear fluorescent bodies, which are absent in cells from either rat or human. This simple technique should be useful in studying developmental phenomena in chimeric organs.