响应面法优化波赛链霉菌JMC 06001发酵培养基

采用响应面法对产生抑菌活性物质的波赛链霉菌（Streptomyces peucetius）菌株JMC 06001的发酵培养基进行优化。首先采用Minnimum Run Equireplicated Res IV设计对初始发酵培养基的8个营养因素进行筛选,获得影响产生抑菌活性物质的3个主要影响因素：葡萄糖、大豆粉和NaCI;然后用最陡爬坡实验快速逼近最大响应区域;最后,结合Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析,确定主要影响因素的最佳浓度,得出该菌株产抑菌活性物质的最优发酵培养基配方为：葡萄糖1．2％,麦芽糖0．7％,蛋白胨0．9％,大豆粉1．4％,NaCl3．7％,CaCO3 0．1％,复合盐A液2．0％,复合盐B液0．1％,起始pH值7．0。用优化后的培养基发酵所得发酵液对敏感指示菌藤黄八叠球菌的抑菌圈直径达31．5mm,与预测值的相对偏差仅为1．59％,与用初始发酵培养基发酵所得发酵液的抑菌效果（抑菌圈直径26．5mm）相比提高了18．9％。     

灰色变异链霉菌2507抑菌活性成分的研究

以枯草芽孢杆菌为指示生物进行活性跟踪,通过对灰色变异链霉菌2507发酵液的初步分离纯化,得到两个化合物,由波谱数据解析鉴定其结构分别为香草酸和丁香酸。这两个化合物为首次从这种微生物代谢产物中分离得到。     

星海链霉菌抑菌活性物质的分离纯化

星海链霉菌(Streptomyces xinghaiensis)是从大连星海湾海泥样品中分离的海洋链霉菌新种,其发酵液具有广谱抗菌活性。研究该菌株的发酵液对临床分离的耐药菌的抑制活性,发现星海链霉菌发酵液对鲍曼不动杆菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌菌株具有抑制活性。采用SPE、大孔吸附树脂HP-20、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、HPLC、TLC等对抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的物质进行了活性追踪,发现活性物质为弱碱性水溶性成分,无特征紫外吸收,可被茚三酮显色,推断活性物质可能为氨基糖苷类化合物。对星海链霉菌基因组序列进行初步分析,发现一个与核糖霉素生物合成基因簇相似性较高的基因簇,但TLC分析结果表明,活性化合物与核糖霉素不同。     

来自海洋的链霉菌抑菌活性与其培养条件的关系

研究培养条件对来自海洋的12株链霉菌抑菌活性的影响。结果表明,用海水（含3．5％NaCl）制备的高氏1号培养基（pH72）、22℃培养时,能表现抑菌活性的菌株数最多;但减少培养基的营养成分、改变氮源、NaCl浓度、pH和培养温度,部分菌株可表现新的抑菌活性,或使原有的抑菌活性有较大提高;新表现或提高的抑菌活性绝大部分都是针对革兰氏阳性菌和白色假丝酵母。本文结果提示在海洋放线菌抗生素产生菌的筛选中,应注意培养条件的选择。     

链霉菌M-1菌株所产抑菌活性物质特性的初步研究

用链霉菌M-1菌株所产的抑菌物质进行稳定性试验和极性试验,稳定性试验表明该菌株连续传代10次后遗传性稳定,且发酵液在100℃处理60 min,紫外线照射3 min和在碱性条件下处理后其对病原指示菌的抑菌活性基本不减。极性试验表明该物质属于弱碱性水溶性抗生素。本研究为进一步对该抑菌活性物质分离提取工艺和其在实践上的应用,提供了有益的试验数据。     

利迪链霉菌K2对灰霉病菌的抑菌效果及抑菌物质鉴定

灰霉病是多种经济作物生产过程以及果蔬储藏运输中常见的病害,链霉菌能产生丰富的次级代谢产物,对灰霉病菌具有较好的抑制效果。【目的】筛选出更高效、功能更多的链霉菌,为针对灰霉病的生防菌剂的研发提供优良菌种。【方法】采用管碟法对菌株K2进行液体培养基的筛选及培养液活性的测定;双皿对峙等2种方法进行产挥发性物质对灰霉病菌的抑菌活性测定;通过16S rRNA基因序列分析进行菌株K2鉴定;高效液相色谱及液相色谱-质谱2种方法对培养液活性成分进行定性验证;顶空固相微萃取-气质联用对菌株K2产生的挥发性物质成分进行检测及鉴定。【结果】菌株K2在液体培养基A中产生的次级代谢物对苹果腐烂病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、核盘菌、杨树溃疡病菌和烟草赤星病菌等多种植物病原真菌均具有较强的抑制作用;K2产生的挥发性物质对灰霉病菌的抑制率达100%,且抑制效果与挥发性物质的量有关;菌株K2与利迪链霉菌(Streptomyces lydicus)亲缘关系非常接近,相似性为99%;培养液活性成分中含有谷氏菌素、丰加霉素和纳他霉素;在挥发性物质成分中发现了烯类、醇类、酯类及烷烃类等30种挥发性物质,其中含量较多的物质分别是2-met...     

复合诱变选育绿色产色链霉菌抑菌高活性菌株

以一株绿色产色链霉菌xzte06菌株为出发菌株,依次通过软X射线、低能离子束诱变、紫外线照射和微波诱变手段对菌株进行复合诱变,得到一株对产气荚膜梭状芽胞杆菌具有较强抑制活性的菌株W26菌株,且该菌株的遗传特性稳定。对菌株进行抑菌试验发现,该菌株液体深层发酵菌丝体的内酮提取物的抑菌活性与出发菌株相比提高了101.42%。     

链霉菌H03发酵液提取物的抗菌活性研究

以常见的病原细菌和植物病原真菌为指示菌研究了链霉菌发酵液提取物的抗菌活性,测定了发酵液提取物的抗菌谱和最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明:与青霉素、链霉素相比,该菌发酵液提取物的抗菌范围更广,对植物病原真菌棉花黄萎病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、油菜菌核病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌、甜菜褐斑病菌、稻瘟病菌,以及常见病原细菌大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、绿脓杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都具有明显的抑制作用。利用试管二倍稀释法测定发酵液提取物对上述诸菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),结果分别为0.125、0.062 5、0.125、0.25、0.015、0.03、0.015、0.015、0.03、0.250、.015 mg/mL。其中对植物病原真菌中的黄瓜炭疽病菌、甜菜褐斑病菌、稻瘟病菌,以及病原细菌中的大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌抑制效果最佳。将发酵液提取物置于100℃下加热处理10 min后,其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性不变,说明该发酵液提取物具有较好的热稳定性。     

一株链霉菌21-1的分离鉴定及其对禾谷镰刀菌的抑菌活性

【背景】由禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)引起的小麦赤霉病严重威胁我国的小麦生产。【目的】筛选对禾谷镰刀菌具有拮抗能力的链霉菌菌株,为生防菌剂开发提供理论基础。【方法】利用平板对峙法筛选对禾谷镰刀菌具有拮抗能力的链霉菌;通过形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列分析对其进行鉴定;通过病原菌菌丝生长、孢子产生及萌发抑制试验分析其发酵液的抑菌活性;利用人工接种试验测定该菌株发酵液的防病效果。【结果】筛选到一株对禾谷镰刀菌具有较强拮抗活性的链霉菌21-1,抑菌率为59.5%。依据形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为黄三素链霉菌(Streptomycesflavotricini)。菌株21-1发酵液能够抑制禾谷镰刀菌的菌丝生长、孢子产生及萌发过程,而且可以降低禾谷镰刀菌菌丝中可溶性蛋白质的含量,并增加丙二醛的含量。菌株21-1可以产生蛋白酶及纤维素酶。菌株21-1菌液10倍稀释液对小麦赤霉病的防效最佳,为70.1%。此外,菌株21-1发酵液对其他8种植物病原菌均有较好的抑制作用。【结论】菌株21-1对禾谷镰刀菌有较好的抑菌活性,具...     

链霉菌科分类的研究III．链霉菌科中的一个新属

从我国云南省西双版纳热带植物研究所的土壤中分离到二株菌,编号80—56、80 57。该菌株气丝形成非轮生的孢子链,基内菌丝体不断裂,形态与培养特征与链霉菌属基本相似。但由于细胞壁水解物中含有…o一二氨基庚二酸、甘氨酸。全细胞水解物中含有半乳糖,与链霉菌属胞壁组分含LL二氨基庚二酸、甘氨酸,不含特征性糖有明显区别。故菌株80—56、80一57不能归人到过去任何一个放线菌属中,因此建立新属——类链霉菌属(Streptomycoides n.gen．),此二菌株为该新属的代表种,定名为青黄类链霉菌(Streptomycoides glaucoflavus n.sp．),典型菌株80—56。     

Enhanced doxorubicin production by Streptomyces peucetius using a combination of classical strain mutation and medium optimization

Abstract

Doxorubicin (DXR), which is produced by Streptomyces peucetius, is an important anthracycline-type antibiotic used for the treatment of various cancers. However, due to the low DXR productivity of wild-type S. peucetius, it is difficult to produce DXR by one-step fermentation. In this study, a DXR-resistance screening method was developed to screen for DXR high-producing mutants. Then, S. peucetius SIPI-11 was treated several times with UV and ARTP (atmospheric and room temperature plasma) to induce mutations. Treated strains were screened by spreading on a DXR-containing plate, isolating a mutant (S. peucetius 33-24) with enhanced DXR yield (570?mg/L vs. 119?mg/L for the original strain). The components of the fermentation medium, including the carbon and nitrogen sources, were optimized to further enhance DXR yield (to 850?mg/L). The pH of the fermentation medium and culture temperature were also optimized for effective DXR production. Finally, DXR production by S. peucetius 33-24 was investigated in flask culture and a fermenter. The yield of DXR was as high as 1100?mg/L in a 5-L fermenter, which is the highest DXR productivity reported thus far, suggesting that S. peucetius 33-24 has the potential to produce DXR by direct fermentation.     

New Antimicrobial Substances against Streptomyces scabies from Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

New antimicrobial substances against Streptomyces scabies, rosmic acid and rosmanol-related compounds, were isolated from leaves of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The active compounds were separated in pure form by a combination of gel permeation chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. Their structures were determined by two-dimensional NMR experiments and HR-MS analyses.     

The DrrC protein of Streptomyces peucetius, a UvrA-like protein, is a DNA-binding protein whose gene is induced by daunorubicin

DrrC, a daunorubicin resistance protein with a strong sequence similarity to the UvrA protein involved in excision repair of DNA, is induced by daunorubicin in Streptomyces peucetius and behaves like an ATP-dependent, DNA binding protein in vitro. The refolded protein obtained from expression of the drrC gene in Escherichia coli was used to conduct gel retardation assays. DrrC bound a DNA segment containing the promoter region of a daunorubicin production gene only in the presence of ATP and daunorubicin. This result suggests that DrrC is a novel type of drug self-resistance protein with DNA binding properties like those of UvrA. Western blotting analysis with a polyclonal antiserum generated against His-tagged DrrC showed that the appearance of DrrC in S. peucetius is coincident with the onset of daunorubicin production and that the drrC gene is induced by daunorubicin. These data also showed that the DnrN and DnrI regulatory proteins are required for drrC expression. The level of DrrA, another daunorubicin resistance protein that resembles ATP-dependent bacterial antiporters, was regulated in the same way as that of DrrC.     

Immobilization and properties of carminomycin 4-O-methyltranferase, the enzyme which catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of daunorubicin in Streptomyces peucetius

The carminomycin 4-O-methyltransferase enzyme from Streptomyces peucetius was covalently immobilized on 3M Emphaze ABI-activated beads. Optimal conditions of time, temperature, pH, ionic strength, enzyme, substrate (carminomycin), and cosubstrate (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) concentrations were defined for the immobilization reaction. Protein immobilization yield ranged from 52% to 60%. Including carminomycin during immobilization had a positive effect on the activity of the immobilized enzyme but a strongly negative effect on the coupling efficiency. The immobilized enzyme retained at least 57% of its maximum activity after storage at 4 degrees C for more than 4 months. The properties of the free and immobilized enzyme were compared to determine whether immobilization could alter enzyme activity. Both soluble and bound enzyme exhibited the same pH profile with an optimum near 8.0. Immobilization caused an approximately 50% decrease in the apparent K(m) (K'(m)) for carminomycin while the K'(m) for S-adenosyl-L-methionine was approximately doubled. A 57% decrease in the V(max) value occurred upon immobilization. These changes are discussed in terms of active site modifications as a consequence of the enzyme immobilization. This system has a potential use in bioreactors for improving the conversion of carminomycin to daunorubicin. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Short Note: Streptomyces peucetius converts anthracycline intermediates efficiently in culture media containing oil cake as carbon source

Alternative media constituents like carbon sources and buffers were evaluated for the large scale production of daunorubicin. Streptomyces peucetius cultivated on the media containing sesamum oil cake as carbon source with HEPES or phosphate buffer showed good yield of the antibiotic and the intermediates were also converted into the final product more efficiently.     

Production of Antimicrobial Substances by Bacteria Isolated from Fermented Table Olives

Summary The production of antimicrobial substances was studied among 195 bacterial isolates from retail table olives. A total 86 isolates tested positive, and they clustered in 10 groups according to their inhibitory spectra. Many isolates (38.37%) produced strong inhibition against all bacteria tested (Listeria innocua, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus cereus, B. megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli). The selected bacterial isolates were Gram-positive bacteria with rod morphology (62.67%), short rods (26.65%) or cocci (10.67%). Isolates producing antimicrobial substances may be useful as starters to enhance control of table olive fermentation and improve the safety of retail table olives.     

枯草芽孢杆菌SN-02发酵液的抑菌谱及稳定性研究

目的:研究枯草芽孢杆菌SN-02发酵液的抑菌谱及稳定性。方法:以28种植物病原菌为供试菌,杯碟法测定SN-02菌发酵液的抑菌谱;以烟草靶斑病菌为指示菌,杯碟法测定发酵液的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性及传代稳定性。结果:SN-02菌发酵液对28种供试菌株的抑菌圈直径在20mm以上。将发酵液于120℃处理2.5h,-20℃处理25d抑菌活性没有明显变化;发酵液在pH 4~9时抑菌活性无明显变化,在pH 1~3和pH 10条件下抑菌活性明显下降;连续培养10代,发酵液抑菌活性没有下降。结论:SN-02菌发酵液抑菌谱较广,耐高温和低温,传代稳定性好,但在强酸和强碱条件下稳定性较差。     

微白黄链霉菌G-1发酵液抗真菌特性研究和发酵条件优化

为明确微白黄链霉菌(Streptomyces albidoflavus)G-1发酵液抗真菌特性和较优发酵条件,本研究采用平板对峙法、生长速率法、单因素试验、RDA分析和响应面CCD设计分别对其抗真菌特性、产抗菌物质关键限制因子和发酵条件较优组合进行了探究.结果 表明:S.albidoflavus G-1发酵液对马铃薯早...