阿奇霉素联合克拉霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效分析

目的探讨阿奇霉素联合克拉霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效,为临床提供参考。方法选取90例小儿支原体肺炎的患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组给予阿奇霉素进行治疗,治疗组给予阿奇霉素联合克拉霉素进行治疗,比较两组患者经治疗后的临床疗效、主要生理指标复常时间及不良反应等。结果经治疗后,对照组总有效率为72.1%,治疗组为95.3%,治疗组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组在体温复常时间、咳嗽消失时间、症状好转时间及住院时间较对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者均未出现其他严重的不良反应。结论阿奇霉素联合克拉霉素用于治疗小儿支原体肺炎,可显著缩短生理指标复常时间,提高临床疗效,安全性较好,具有较大的临床借鉴意义。     

不同抗生素序贯疗法治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床分析

目的：探讨不同抗生素组合（红霉素＋阿奇霉素,阿奇霉素＋阿奇霉素）序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效及其安全性。方法：将82例诊断为小儿支原体肺炎的患者分为红霉素＋阿奇霉素组（Erythromycin＋Azithromycin,E＋A组）和阿奇霉素＋阿奇霉素组（Azithromycin＋Azithromycin,A＋A组）,E＋A组患者41例,先给予红霉素静滴治疗,后给予阿奇霉素口服治疗,A＋A组患者41例,先给予阿奇霉素静滴,后给予阿奇霉素口服治疗;治疗后观察和比较两组的l临床疗效、平均退热时间、用药疗程、住院时间及不良反应的发生率。结果：两组患者的临床疗效上比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）;但两组患者的用药时间（15．3±4．0VS17．9±5．4天）、平均退热时间（4．0±2．2VS5．2±2．4天）、平均住院时间（8．9±3．0Vs10．8±3．4天）均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。两组不良反应的发生率比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：红霉素静滴后给予阿奇霉素口服的序贯疗法治疗小儿支原体肺炎可显著缩短患者的疗程、退热时间和平均住院时间,值得临床推广。     

阿奇霉素与红霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎临床效果分析

分析阿奇霉素与红霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法:从我院2013年1月~2014年1月收治的小儿支原体肺炎患儿中抽取64例作为本次研究的对象;分为两组,阿奇霉素组和红霉素组,分别给予其阿奇霉素和红霉素治疗,并对两组临床治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果:治疗后,阿奇霉素组体温恢复正常的时间、肺部湿啰音消失的时间、咳嗽消失时间、平均住院天数以及总有效率等,均优于红霉素组,比较差异显著存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的效果优于红霉素治疗的效果,值得在临床上推广应用。     

阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的效果观察和安全性分析

目的观察大环内酯类抗生素阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效,并对用药安全性进行评价。方法选择我院2012年6月至2014年10月呼吸科收治的96例小儿支原体肺炎患者,随机平均分为观察组和对照组。观察组给予阿奇霉素治疗,对照组给予红霉素治疗,观察两组的临床疗效和不良反应。结果观察组患者治愈37例,显效8例,无效3例,总有效率为93.75%;对照组治愈30例,显效9例,无效9例,总有效率为81.25%,治疗组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者平均退热、止咳、平喘、肺部啰音消失时间均短于对照组,平均住院时间和住院花费均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组均偶见局部皮疹、注射部分疼痛等轻度不良反应,差异无统计学意义;观察组无胃肠道反应,对照组有4例胃肠道反应。结论阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎能有效改善临床症状,较红霉素能提高治疗效果,缩短病程,且无严重不良反应,安全可靠,值得推广应用。     

阿奇霉素序贯治疗支原体肺炎的临床疗效分析

目的探讨阿奇霉素序贯疗法用于治疗支原体肺炎的效果,为临床提供参考。方法选取116例肺炎支原体感染的患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,两组均给予常规治疗,同时对照组使用罗红霉素颗粒进行治疗,治疗组用阿奇霉素序贯疗法进行治疗,观察两组患者主要生理指标变化、临床疗效及不良反应等。结果经治疗后,对照组临床总有效率为72.4%,治疗组为94.8%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组在体温复常时间、咳嗽消失时间、症状好转时间及住院时间较对照组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者均未出现其他严重的不良反应。结论采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法用于治疗支原体肺炎,可显著改善临床症状,缩短住院时间,提高临床疗效,且安全性较好,具有较大的临床借鉴意义。     

阿奇霉素联合布地奈德治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效分析

目的探讨阿奇霉素联合布地奈德治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法选取90例支原体肺炎患者,随机分为对照组和观察组(每组45例),两组均常规给予药物进行对症治疗,在此基础上,对照组采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法进行治疗,观察组采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法联用布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入治疗,两组均连续治疗14天,观察两组患者主要指标变化时间,临床疗效及不良反应等。结果治疗后,观察组的临床总有效率为95.6%,显著高于对照组的80.0%;观察组的体温复常时间、咳嗽消失时间、症状好转时间及住院时间分别为(2.1±0.9)、(10.1±2.3)、(6.9±1.6)和(12.1±2.4)天,对照组分别为(4.6±1.6)、(12.3±3.1)、(8.4±2.4)和(15.8±3.7)天,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阿奇霉素联合布地奈德用于治疗小儿支原体肺炎,可显著缩短主要指标复常时间,提高临床疗效,且安全性较好。     

阿奇霉素治疗成人支原体肺炎临床疗效观察

目的探讨阿奇霉素治疗成人支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法选取我院于2014年2月至2015年2月收治的支原体肺炎患者128例作为临床研究对象,随机将患者分为观察组(64例)和对照组(64例)。对照组患者给予红霉素进行治疗,观察组患者给予阿奇霉素进行治疗。治疗结束后将两组患者的疗效进行对照分析。结果观察组患者的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,平均退热时间和平均止咳时间明显低于对照组,比较结果具有显著差异性(P0.05)。结论阿奇霉素治疗成人支原体肺炎的临床效果良好,值得推广使用。     

小儿难治性支原体肺炎应用喹诺酮类进行治疗的研究

目的:探讨喹诺酮类药物治疗小儿难治性支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法:选取我院2010年2月-2013年12月诊断为难治性支原体肺炎的患儿20例,随机平均分为两组,对照组使用阿奇霉素,治疗组使用左氧氟沙星,两组患儿均用其他抗生素,抗病毒、糖皮质激素及其他药物对症支持,观察两组患儿临床疗效、住院时间、肺CT等改变的情况,并进行比较。结果:治疗组患者发热、咳嗽、喘憋、干湿罗音等症状体征持续时间和平均住院天数等均较对照组明显缩短(P0.05),有统计学意义,治疗组总有效率为92.3%,高于对照组的80.0%,两组比较差异显著(P0.05),有统计学意义,治疗组患儿肺CT显示肺部病变好转的情况,CRP,血沉恢复正常的时间与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05),有统计学意义,且未发现明显的不良反应。结论:应用喹诺酮类药物治疗小儿难治性支原体肺炎的临床疗效显著,值得临床尝试。     

阿奇霉素连续与间歇注射给药治疗支原体肺炎的疗效与耐药性比较

为了比较阿奇霉素连续与间歇注射两种给药方式治疗支原体肺炎的临床疗效及耐药性,选取120例支原体肺炎患者,随机分为连续给药组(A组)与间歇给药组(B组),两组患者均连续治疗1个疗程(14d),比较临床疗效及耐药性情况。结果显示,两组患者在临床疗效、症状及体征消失时间方面均无明显差异(p>0.05),但治疗7d、14d后A组的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值均明显低于B组(p<0.05)。结果表明,阿奇霉素的两种不同给药方式治疗支原体肺炎效果类似,但间歇给药法可减轻因连续给药带来的耐药性,对提高抗生素用药安全有一定价值。     

小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素对肺炎支原体肺炎患儿肺功能和炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素对肺炎支原体肺炎患儿肺功能和炎性因子的影响。方法:选取2016年1月～2017年12月期间我院收治的175例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=87,阿奇霉素治疗)和研究组(n=88,小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素治疗),比较两组患儿临床疗效、临床症状消失时间、肺功能指标[第1s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC]、炎性因子指标[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)],记录两组患儿不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组患儿治疗后临床总有效率为94.32%(83/88),高于对照组患儿的80.46%(70/87)(P0.05)。研究组患儿咳嗽、发热、湿啰音、哮鸣音的消失时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗后FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗后IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平均降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿不良反应发生率对比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素治疗肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的疗效优于单用阿奇霉素,且可有效改善患儿肺功能和炎性因子水平,快速缓解临床症状,促进患儿恢复。     

The effect of clenbuterol on body composition in spontaneously eating tumour-bearing mice

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a selective ₂-adrenoceptor agonist, clenbuterol, on body composition in tumour-bearing adult and growing mice. Therefore, adult female C57/BL6 mice (n=20) were inoculated subcutaneously with a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma and divided into two identical groups. One group received injections twice a day of clenbuterol corresponding to 1 mg/kg body weight, the other group received sham injections. Growing mice (n=20) were similarly divided after tumour inoculation into one study group with clenbuterol injections and one control group. The growing animals were sacrificed on day 11 after commencement of treatment, the adult mice on day 16.Clenbuterol treatment had no statistically significant effect on accumulated food intake or body composition in the adult mice. However, fooe intake in these animals increased numerically compared to control animals after day 12 of the study. Tumour growth was also unaffected. The growing animals displayed an increased carcass dry weight with borderline significance (p=0.06) and an increased quadriceps muscle fat free dry weight after clenbuterol treatment. Tumour growth was not affected. Food intake measured on a daily basis was significantly increased in the growing clenbuterol treated animals and accumulated food intake was increased with a trend towards statistical significance (p=0.06). The results support the suggestion that treatment with a selective ₂-adrenoceptor agonist does not improve body composition in tumour-bearing adult mice relying on spontaneous food intake while growing animals may benefit from such treatment.     

贞芪扶正颗粒对去甲氧柔红霉素联合阿糖胞苷方案治疗成人急性髓系白血病疗效及毒副反应的影响

目的:研究贞芪扶正颗粒对去甲氧柔红霉素联合阿糖胞苷方案治疗成人急性髓系白血病疗效及毒副反应的影响。方法:选取我院2006年2月~2012年8月期间收治的成人急性髓系白血病患者134例,并将其随机分为对照组与观察组。对照组采用去甲氧柔红霉素+阿糖胞苷方案规范诱导缓解治疗,观察组在对照组治疗方案上加用贞芪扶正颗粒,观察和比较两组的临床疗效及不良反应的发生情况。结果:对照组与观察组的完全缓解率(CR)分别为73.2%(41/56)和79.5%(62/78),中位OS分别为13.9个月和14.6个月,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组III级以上的骨髓抑制现象的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05),粒细胞最低值显著高于对照组(P0.05),粒细胞缺乏和血小板降低持续的总体时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05);观察组各主要感染部位的发生率及感染总体发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组各种主要非血液学毒副反应包括呕吐、腹泻、肝毒性、肾毒性、神经毒性、心率失调、口腔炎症、皮疹及发热等的发生率显著低于对照组(73.1%vs.100%,P0.05)。结论:贞芪扶正颗粒能够有效改善去甲柔红霉素联合阿糖胞苷方案治疗成人急性髓系白血病的毒副反应,且不影响其临床疗效。     

外源保幼激素对中华通草蛉滞育解除及滞育后发育的影响

[目的]本研究旨在明确外源保幼激素(juvenile hormone,JH)在中华通草蛉Chrysoperla sinica滞育快速解除过程中的使用剂量及最佳使用时期.[方法]测定点滴不同剂量(0,5,15,25和35 μg/成虫)外源JH后中华通草蛉滞育成虫的产卵前期、产卵历期、雌虫寿命及单雌产卵量,以及15 μg/...     

芳香疗法联合产后康复按摩对产褥期心理状态的改善作用

目的:探讨芳香疗法联合产后康复按摩对产褥期产妇心理状态的改善作用。方法:将2010年8月至2012年8月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心分娩的产妇204例随机分为对照组及实验组,其中对照组99例,采取常规产后处理,实验组105例,给予产后康复精油按摩治疗。应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对两组产妇在产前两天及产后一周的心理状态进行测评,将所得数据与全国常模相比,并进行组间比较。结果:实验组与对照组产前心理状况无显著性差异(P0.05);两组产妇产前SCL-90测试结果在抑郁、焦虑等因子得分显著高于全国成人常模,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),产后实验组与对照组相比,抑郁倾向明显减少,焦虑得分明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:分娩对产妇的心理状态会产生明显影响,芳香疗法联合产后康复按摩能明显改善产妇的产褥期心理状态。     

注射小针刀联合奥施康定治疗癌性疼痛的临床疗效研究

目的:观察注射小针刀联合奥施康定治疗癌性疼痛的临床疗效。方法:选择我院收治的66例癌性疼痛患者,根据随机方法将入选病例分为注射针刀组(针刀配合奥施康定)、奥施康定组(单纯西药奥施康定),每组各33例。针刀组每日给予口服药物、隔日给予针刀治疗;奥施康定组每日给予口服药物,14日为1个观察周期。治疗前后测定疼痛程度(NRS)并分析疼痛缓解度(PAR)。结果:治疗组临床总有效率为90.9%,对照组为84.9%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组NRS评分均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组比对照组改善更为显著(P0.01)。结论:注射小针刀联合奥施康定对癌性疼痛的治疗疗效较单用奥施康定更好。     

Effects of maternal leptin treatment during lactation on the body weight and leptin resistance of adult offspring

We investigate whether leptin treatment to lactating rats affects food intake, body weight and leptin serum concentration and its anorectic effect on their adult offspring. Lactating rats were divided into 2 groups: Lep-single injected with recombinant rat leptin (8 microg/100 g of body weight, daily for the last 3 consecutive days of lactation) and control group (C) that received the same volume of saline. After weaning all pups had free access to the control diet, their body weight and food intake were monitored at each 4 days until 180 days of age, when they were tested for its food intake and response to either leptin (0.5 mg/kg body wt, ip) or saline vehicle. The offspring of the leptin-treated dams gained more weight and had higher food intake from day 37 onward (p<0.05), higher amount of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RPWAT) (37%, p<0.05) and higher leptin serum concentration (40%, p<0.05) at 180 days of age compared to control group. The food intake at 2, 4, 6 and 24 h was unaffected after acute injection of leptin in these animals, suggesting resistance to the anorectic effect of leptin. The maternal leptin treatment during lactation makes their adult offspring more susceptible to overweight with resistance to the anorectic effect of leptin.     

大鼠成年前异常生活环境对其成年后恐惧记忆的影响

为了探讨早期饲养环境对成年后大鼠条件化恐惧的影响,实验采用巴氏恐惧条件化的方法对不同饲养环境下的大鼠进行了行为检测.具体操作为:把断奶后的大鼠饲养在3个不同的人工控制的环境中(丰富环境、社群环境和贫瘠环境);8周后进行恐惧条件化训练和测试(指标为僵直百分比),以及检测不同饲养环境下的大鼠的体重、自发活动和足部电击敏感性.结果显示:与社群组相比,丰富组的大鼠条件化僵直水平明显增加,而贫瘠组的明显减少;丰富和贫瘠环境明显的影响了大鼠的体重;不同环境对自发活动和足部电击敏感性没有影响.这些结果说明幼年期的丰富环境能提高成年后大鼠的由声音诱发的条件化恐惧反应,而贫瘠环境则削弱了这种反应.     

Culture-Independent Detection and Genotyping of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Clinical Specimens from Beijing,China

A duplex real-time PCR assay was designed for simultaneous detection and genotyping of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae). The detection/typing performance of this duplex PCR method, targeting specific genes for M. pneumoniae type 1 (mpn 459) and type 2 (mpna 5864), was compared to that of the previously published MpP1 real-time PCR assay and the genotyping method for the adhesin P1 gene (mpn 141). A total of 1,344 throat swab specimens collected from patients in Beijing, China were tested for M. pneumoniae by bacterial culture, MpP1 real-time PCR assay, and our duplex PCR assay, and positive detection rates of 26.9%, 34.4%, and 33.7%, respectively, were obtained. The duplex PCR method demonstrated high sensitivity and accuracy for detecting and genotyping M. pneumoniae, and significant differences in genotyping ability were observed when compared to the conventional P1 gene-based method. M. pneumoniae type 1 was the predominate genotype from 2008 to 2012 in Beijing, and a shift from type 1 to type 2 began to occur in 2013. To our knowledge, this is the first reported incidence of a type shift phenomenon of M. pneumoniae clinical isolates in China. These genotyping results provide important information for understanding recent changes in epidemiological characteristics of M. pneumoniae in Beijing.     

Evaluation of the possible direct effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues on the monkey (Macaca mulatta) testis

In Exp. 1, the effect of treatment with a GnRH agonist on basal concentrations of serum testosterone and peak values of serum testosterone after administration of hCG was determined. One group of adult male monkeys was treated with a low dose (5-10 micrograms/day) and a second group with a high dose (25 micrograms/day) of a GnRH agonist for 44 weeks. Basal and peak testosterone concentrations were both significantly reduced by GnRH agonist treatment in all groups compared to untreated control animals, but the % rise in serum testosterone above basal values in response to hCG administration was unchanged by agonist treatment. In Exp. 2, the GnRH agonist (100 or 400 ng) or a GnRH antagonist (4 micrograms) was infused into the testicular arteries of adult monkeys. The agonist did not alter testosterone concentrations in the testicular vein or testosterone and LH values in the femoral vein. In Exp. 3, testicular interstitial cells from monkeys were incubated with three concentrations (10(-9), 10(-7) and 10(-5)M) of the GnRH agonist or a GnRH antagonist with and without hCG. After 24 h, neither basal nor hCG-stimulated testosterone production was affected by the presence of the GnRH agonist or antagonist. The results from all 3 experiments clearly suggest that GnRH agonist treatment does not directly alter steroid production by the monkey testis.     

The effect of HIV on filarial-specific antibody response before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine in Wuchereria bancrofti infected individuals

The effect of HIV on filarial-specific antibody response before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was analysed by comparing two groups of Wuchereria bancrofti-infected adult individuals (positive for circulating filarial antigen) who were positive (n = 15) or negative (n = 21) for HIV co-infection. Prior to DEC treatment there was no significant difference in filarial-specific IgG1, IgG2, IgG4 and IgE antibody response between the HIV negative and the HIV positive group, while a five times (statistically significant) higher filarial-specific IgG3 response was observed in the HIV positive than in the HIV negative group. At 12 weeks after treatment with DEC, a significant decrease in filarial-specific IgG4 was observed in the HIV positive but not in the HIV negative group, indicating that DEC treatment had a stronger antifilarial effect in individuals co-infected with HIV. DEC treatment had no significant effect on the other classes of filarial specific antibodies, neither in the HIV negative or the HIV positive group.