花鳅属鱼类一新种——斑条花鳅

本文报道了作者于1982年5月、7月和11月采自浙江奉化溪口的鳅科花鳅属鱼类一新种,定名为斑条花鳅(Cobitis laterimaculata)。本文描述了该新种的形态特征,并简要记录其主要生态资料。还将该新种和近似种中华花鳅(Cobitis sinensis)就背鳍、臀鳍位置,脊椎骨数目,体色及个体大小等方面作了比较。     

封面说明

本期封面上,栖息在葡萄藤间显得十分优闲自在的是园睡鼠。它们分布于欧洲、中亚和北非。睡鼠主要分布于欧洲,亚洲仅有两种:即我国新疆的林睡鼠和日本的日本睡鼠。亚洲过去一直未发现过睡鼠化石,近年在我国內蒙古、江苏新第三纪地层中发现了两种睡鼠化石。     

始鼠化石在甘肃省党河地区上渐新统的发现

<正>始鼠科(Ｅｏｍｙｉｄａｅ)是一类已绝灭的小型的鼠类,在古近纪和新近纪时广布全北区,以北美(中始新世—晚中新世)和欧洲(早渐新世—晚上新世)发现的化石较丰富。过去在亚洲发现的始鼠化石极少。亚洲的第一个始鼠化石是１９８２年才发现的(郑绍华等,１９８２)。２０世纪９０年代以来,在亚洲陆续发现了一些始鼠化石,表明从中始新世到上新世时在亚洲已有始鼠生存过(Ｗａｎｇ ａｎｄ Ｅｍｒｙ,１９９０;Ｑｉｕ,１９９４,１９９６;Ｔｏｍｉｄａａｎｄ Ｓｅｔｏｇｕｃｈｉ,１９９４;Ｅｍｒｙ ｅｔ     

广西南宁盆地发现渐新世早—中期鳅科眼下刺化石（英文）

根据产自广西南宁盆地渐新世早-中期的鳅科鱼类眼下刺化石建立了鳅属新种:南宁鳅+Cobitis nanningensis sp.nov.。眼下刺长1.8~3.0 mm,粗细适中,刺二分叉,侧后突较中后突短而细,长度约为中后突长的1/3,侧突发育。这些眼下刺与德国晚渐新世的+Cobitis primigenus最为相似,但又以侧突更为发育而与之区别。这是迄今最早的鳅科化石记录,为了解早期鳅科鱼类的分布和眼下刺的形态特征提供了有益证据。南宁鳅及德国晚渐新世的+C.primigenus揭示,渐新世时期鳅科鱼类已广布于欧亚大陆。     

云南曲靖早渐新世真古仓鼠化石

本文记述了在云南曲靖蔡家冲地区下渐新统蔡家冲组中首次发现的真古仓鼠化石: Eucrtcetodon meridionalis sp. nov. 和 E. leptaleos sp. nov. 认为仓鼠可能在亚洲由类似 Cocomys 的祖先类型起源的; Eucricetodon 在渐新世时广布欧亚大陆;欧洲的 Eucricetodon 是在"大间断"之后由亚洲迁去的; Simimys 代表从仓鼠科基部分出的旁枝, 应归入 Muroidea.     

中国鳅属鱼类的副性征、噶氏斑纹和分类整理(鲤形目,鳅科,鳅亚科)

根据噶氏斑纹和雄性个体的副性征,对我国的鳅属鱼类进行了分类整理.一直被作为中华鳅Cobitis sinensis Sauvage et Dabry,1874同物异名的长吻鳅G.dolichorhynchus Nichols,1918和稀有鳅C.rarus Chen,1981不仅在噶氏斑纹上存在差异,而且它们雄性个体的副性征也明显有别,为有效种;而1925年Nichols命名的花斑鳅C.melanoleuca Nichols,1925与北方鳅C.granoei Rendahl,1935或中华鳅不同,也为有效种.因此,鳅属鱼类在我国共有8种,即中华鳅、黑龙江鳅C.lutheri Rendahl,1935、北方鳅、稀有鳅、沙花鳅C.arenae(Lin),1943、长吻鳅、花斑鳅和大斑鳅C.macrostigma Dabry,1872.这8种鱼类的雄性个体在胸鳍基部第1根分枝鳍条上均具有一个骨质突起(lamina circularis),且鳞片小,呈圆形或椭圆形,鳞焦大等特征;可进一步划归为鳅属中的鳅亚属Cobitis s.str..     

木兰科的化石记录

通过整理和分析木兰科植物的化石记录发现：不论是植物大化石还是花粉,迄今为止在白垩纪以前地层中尚无可靠的记录,自白垩纪以来,木兰科的许多种广泛发生于北半球,如亚洲,欧洲及北美等地,但非洲和大洋洲至今尚未发现木兰科的化石记录。该科最早的化石记录为中国东北延吉地区早白垩世大拉子组的喙柱始木兰Archimagnolia rostrato-stylose Tao et Zhang. 根据现有化石记录,并结合木兰科现代植物的地理分布,推测：1）木兰科的起源时间不迟于早白垩世Aptian-Albian期;2）木兰科起源地点可能是东亚,后来经过欧洲进入北美,再从北美迁移到达南美洲;3）在地质历史时期,木兰属的出现比鹅掌楸属早,从而支持根据形态学与分子系统学研究得出的木兰属较鹅掌楸属原始的结论。     

异珊瑚目在我国的分布及 Hexaphyllia 的微细构造

一、异珊瑚目的分布异珊瑚目是个体细小、构造较简单、地质历程较短的一类珊瑚.对其分类位置,有关学者持有不同意见,但大多数学者主张与四射珊瑚和六射珊瑚并列.自 McCoy 1849年在英国发现异珊瑚类化石以来,在世界各地陆续有所发现.据已有资料,如欧洲的英国、比利时、联邦德国、奥地利、苏联,亚洲的中国、     

在中国云南发现狒狒化石

现存狒狒类(Papionin)生活于非洲(如Papio和Theropithoan)、亚洲(如Macaca)和北非(M.sylvanas)。在上新世和更新世,Theropithecus经历了从非洲到亚洲的扩散过程,在印度发现了类似化石。这次在云南中甸金沙江附近发现的下更新世狒狒化石(Papio)证明,如同亚洲猕猴和现代人类祖先一样,非洲狒狒类(Papio和Theropithecus)在同一时期从非洲扩散到亚洲。所不同的是它们没有像猕猴和人类一样生存下来。这次化石的发现对于研究以下生物学问题提供了重要依据1)探讨旧大陆猴类在上新—更新世从非洲到亚洲的扩散过程;2)研究不同旧大陆猴类的进化和环境适应性;3)为现代人类祖先在非洲—亚大陆的扩散研究提供证据;4)由于化石产地包括有人类祖先和其他动物的化石,因此,狒狒在亚洲的生态适应研究将为探讨人类在同一时期的生态适应提供证据。     

产自中国云南下禄丰组(下侏罗统)的爬行动物不完美硕鳄的再研究(英文)

一般认为植龙类在三叠纪末期灭绝,但有研究显示它们可能在欧洲和亚洲延续到了侏罗纪最早期。来自亚洲的证据是产自中国云南下禄丰组(?赫唐阶-锡内穆阶)的不完美硕鳄(Pachysuchus imperfectus)。重新研究显示不完美硕鳄正型标本和植龙类存在许多不同点,它可能属于一个保存较差的、分类位置无法确定的蜥脚型类恐龙头骨。这一属种的归入标本也无法明确归入某一类群,因此亚洲没有可靠的晚于三叠纪的植龙类化石记录。欧洲的侏罗纪植龙类化石也存在着同样的问题。因而认为,植龙类的化石记录仅限于三叠纪晚期。     

试论长臂猿的中国起源

本文通过中国长臂猿的地理地史分布, 尤其是亚洲新第三纪(Neogene Period) 中新世(Miocene) 的上猿(Pliop ithecus)、醉猿(Diony sopithecus shuang ouensis)、池猿(L accop ithecusrobustus)、滇猿(Dianopithecus progressus) 及第四纪(Quaternary Period) 更新世(Pleistocene Epoch) 丰富的黑长臂猿(Hylobates concolor) 等化石的发现, 结合现生类群的分布和黑长臂猿的行为生态研究结果等有关资料综合论述了现生长臂猿的亚洲中国起源; 黑长臂猿则是解决这一问题的关键物种。     

European fossil fruits of Sphenotheca related to extant Asian species of Symplocos

We are compelled to sink the European fossil fruit genus Sphenotheca Kirchheimer into extant Symplocos based on newly recognized morphological and anatomical similarity with the fruits of extant Symplocos tanakae Matsum. of Japan and Symplocos henryi Brand of SW China. Recognition of Symplocos incurva (Kirchheimer) comb. nov. and Symplocos bornensis (Mai) comb. nov. increases the number of late Paleogene and Neogene European species of Symplocos to 13. The close relationship between this fossil species and extant species of the Symplocos lucida clade of eastern Asia suggests that migration of this group between Europe and Asia was facilitated by the closure of the Turgai Strait that commenced during the Oligocene.     

First macrofossil record of Icacinaceae in East Asia (early Oligocene,Wenshan Basin) and its ecological implications

Icacinaceae are well represented in the modern tropical flora of East Asia, but this family has no confirmed macrofossils from this region. Most of the unambiguous fossils (e.g., endocarps) are from the Paleogene of North America and Europe, where the family is no longer present. Here we report a fossil endocarp of the liana genus Iodes from the Oligocene Wenshan flora, southwestern China. The fossil is relatively large (ca. 20 mm length, 11 mm width) and documents a vascular bundle inside the endocarp wall, a pattern of ridges enclosing few areoles, and an asymmetrical apex and rounded base. On the basis of these characteristics, we described a new species, Iodes elliptica, which represents the first Icacinaceae fruit fossil record from Asia. This fossil, consistent with recent reports of Iodes pollen from the Eocene of Hainan, indicates a long-standing presence of the genus in SE Asia, dating back to the Paleogene. Based on the climatic data of modern Iodes, and other fossil occurrences from Wenshan, we hypothesize that the climate in the region was subtropical during the Oligocene, supporting a rainforest, with an overall mixed regional flora of subtropical and tropical elements.     

DISCOVERY OF APLODONTIDAE (RODENTIA, MAMMALIA) FROM MIDDLE OLIGOCENE OF NEI MONGOL, CHINA

<正> Today only a single species of the aplodontid rodents still survives in the humid region of western North America, but in the Oligocene time the family was widespread over the Northern Hemisphere. Fossils of the Oligocene aplodontids so far have been mainly found in North America and Europe. Their occurrence in Asia is scarce. Only a few examples are known from Kazakhstan, USSR, and Mongolia. No record was known in China until 1977, when some fossil aplodontids were collected from the Middle Oligocene in Nei Mongol.     

内蒙古中始新世一似ameghinornithid鸟类(鸟纲:Cariamae:Ameghinornithidae?)

内蒙古二连盆地额尔登敖包剖面(相当于伊尔丁曼哈组)的中始新世早期地层中新发现的一件标本显示其属于一个与ameghinornithid相似的种,代表了Ameghinomithidae在亚洲的首个记录.新标本具有外踝半圆形,缺失骨质腱桥,伸肌沟外侧具有大而平的结节,以及其他与ameghinomithid和似ameghinomithid鸟类共有的特征.内蒙古标本与欧洲最古老的ameghinomithids记录大体属同一时代(约48 Ma).与同时期内蒙古哺乳动物群主要由亚洲类群组成兼有少量与北美有关的绝灭类群不同,这类鸟类中始新世时在北美缺失,而存在于欧洲和亚洲.加上埃及法尤姆早渐新世地层中发现的似ameghinomithid鸟类,这类已经绝灭的鸟类的地理分布似乎比过去所认为的要广泛得多.     

鹅观草属的几个新组合

本文报道了禾本科鹅观草属的三个种级新组合和四个变种级新组合。即大丛鹅观草Roegneria magnicaespis (D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;新疆鹅观草Roegneria sinkiangensis(D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;阿尔泰鹅观草Roegneria altaica(D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;短芒鹅观草Roegneria glaberrima var.breviarista (D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;林缘鹅观草Roegneria mutabilis var.nemoralis (D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;多花鹅观草Roegneria abolinii var.pluriflora (D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai和曲芒鹅观草Roegneria tschimganica var.glabrispicula (D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai。     

A new species of Castanopsis (Fagaceae) from the upper Pliocene of West Yunnan,China and its biogeographical implications

Two fossil leaves identified as Castanopsis presclerophylla n. sp. collected from a diatomite bed in the upper Pliocene (3.3–2.8 Ma) in Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, Southwest China, are characterized by elliptic laminar shapes with acuminate apex, convex base, simple trichome bases and cyclocytic stomata. The cuticles of extant leaves from six selected Castanopsis species that are similar to the Pliocene fossil leaves in laminar shape were examined in detail for the comparison. Based on the analysis of leaf architecture and cuticular characteristics, the present fossil leaves most closely resemble the extant leaves of Castanopsis sclerophylla (Lindl.) Schott., which prefers a subtropical climate. The published fossil records of Castanopsis also indicate that it was once widely distributed in North America, Europe and Asia before the Pliocene, and then rapidly retreated to the East and Southeast Asia as a result of the Pleistocene glaciation.