用体内叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学鉴定番茄的抗冷性

研究了冷害温度对具有不同抗冷性品种的番茄叶片的体内叶绿素a荧光诱导动力曲线的影响。实验结果指出,在低温处理(8℃,5℃,2℃下,暗中24小时)后,番茄叶片的体内叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学曲线有了明显的改变,Fv／Fo值、Rfd值降低了,光系统II原初光能转换效率和潜在的光合活力均受到抑制。我们在苗期和开花期得到的实验结果均表明,在番茄叶片的叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学曲线和这些荧光参数改变的程度与该品种的已知抗冷性之间呈现较好的相关性。我们认为,体内叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学方法是鉴定番茄抗冷性的一个快速、灵敏和可靠的方法,并可用于其他绿色植物的抗冷性鉴定中。     

水分胁迫对小麦旗叶某些体内叶绿素a荧光参数的影响

研究了水分胁迫对京冬６号品种小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）的旗叶（于杨花期）的体内（ｉｎｖｉｖｏ）叶绿素ａ荧光诱导动力学及几种叶绿素ａ荧光参数的影响,以探究水分胁迫损伤光合作用的机理。通过将离体叶片放置于干燥器中不同时间以得到三种干旱的情况（失水叶片的ＲＷＣ分别为５０．９％,３１．５％和１７．５％。对照叶片的ＲＷＣ为７３．５％）。体内叶绿素ａ荧光特性是用ＰＡＭ叶绿素荧光计测定的。我们观察到水分胁迫显著地改变了小麦旗叶的重复饱和光脉冲激发的调制叶绿素ａ荧光诱导动力学的图形。对从这种荧光动力学的实验数据得到的四种重要的体内叶绿素ａ荧光参数：Ｆｍ／Ｆｏ值（最大荧光与基础荧光的比值）、（ｇ－ｈ）值（饱和光脉冲诱导的荧光尖峰信号高度）、ｑＰ值（光化学淬灭系数）和ｑＮ值（非光化学淬灭系数）,水分胁迫都有抑低的作用。并且我们注意到,在水分胁迫的严重程度与这四种荧光参数被抑低的程度之间,存在着正相关关系。我们的实验数据指出,水分胁迫抑制了光系统Ⅱ的氧化侧,并且也降低了光合膜的能量化作用     

杂交水稻及其亲本光合特性的研究 Ⅰ．功能叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素－蛋白复合物及诱导荧光动力学

研究了杂交水稻青优１５９和广优四号及其亲本功能叶片的光合速率、叶绿素含量、叶绿素－蛋白复合物及诱导荧光动力学特性．这二个杂交水稻的光合速率分别高于其亲本,其超亲优势分别为１８．７２％和１８．２％,平均优势分别为２９．６％和２６．２％．杂交水稻功能叶片的叶绿素－蛋白复合物在６５０ｎｍ和６７５ｎｍ处光密度扫描峰面积具有明显的杂种优势,并与光合速率之间有较密切的正相关关系;叶绿素诱导荧光动力学特征参数Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ和Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ比值超过其高值亲本,具有杂种优势;杂交水稻功能叶片的叶绿素含量没有明显的杂种优势,光合速率与叶绿素含量之间没有明显的相关关系。而杂交水稻功能叶片的叶绿素ａ／ｂ比值均低于其亲本,并且叶绿素ａ／ｂ比值与光合速率呈较为密切负相关．     

基于叶绿素荧光参数的小麦叶片叶绿素相对含量估算方法

叶绿素含量是植物学和农业相关研究领域常用的生理指标.叶绿素含量和叶片光合功能密切相关,但是现有的叶绿素含量的测定方法无法实现叶绿素含量和光合功能的同步测定和关联分析.为解决该问题,本研究通过测定35个小麦品种旗叶的SPAD值和叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线,分别使用不同时间的快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线的荧光值,以及33个常用荧...     

西瓜幼苗10℃和15℃低温处理下相关生理指标的比较分析

以四叶一心期的西瓜幼苗为材料,研究了10℃和15℃低温处理下西瓜幼苗的叶绿素荧光强度、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、POD和APX的变化规律。结果表明,4、6号品种的相对光化学反应活性值低于同时期的2、5号品种,前者在15℃低温处理的初期就积累了大量的可溶性糖和脯氨酸,而后者在10℃低温处理较长时间后体内才积累大量可溶性糖和脯氨酸,并且它们的增加幅度小于前者。POD和APX呈现15℃比25℃(对照)增加,10℃又下降的一般趋势,后者的变化幅度小于前者。综合实验中各项指标可以认为,2、5号品种是耐冷性品种,4、6号品种是相对敏感品种,同时叶绿素荧光强度、可溶性糖、脯氨酸可作为评价品种耐冷性的主要指标。     

盐胁迫对不同抗盐性小麦叶片荧光诱导动力学的影响

以不同抗盐性小麦为材料,研究了ＮａＣｌ胁迫对叶片叶绿素ａ荧光诱导动力学的影响。指出１５０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ使小麦幼苗生长降低,叶绿素含量下降,同时使光系统Ⅱ的潜在光化学活性和原初光能转化率降低,使光反应受到抑制。     

氮素形态对烤烟光合特性影响的研究

１９９６～１９９７年连续二年进行了固定氮素用量,改变铵态、硝态氮肥的施用比例试验,对烤烟的一些光合生理特性进行了研究。试验结果表明,在烤烟生长前、中期,增施铵态氮施用比例,烤烟的叶绿素含量增加,但达１００％铵态氮时,叶绿素含量反而下降,低于施用５０％和７５％铵态氮的处理;在烤烟生长后期,功能叶片叶绿素含量基本上与施用铵态氮比例高低一致,以１００％铵态氮处理的叶绿素含量最高。另外增加铵态氮施用比例,烤烟功能叶片的希尔反应活性及光合磷酸化活性有所提高,但Ｐ／Ｏ比值基本不变。从叶绿素诱导荧光动力学特征参数及比值情况来看：增加铵态氮施用比例,Ｆｍ和Ｆｖ值升高;几种荧光参数的比值如Ｆｄ／Ｆｓ、Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ、Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ比值有所上升,但均以２５％硝态氮＋７５％铵态氮的处理最高;并且其烤后烟叶的产量最高、品质最好。     

华山松叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数的地理变异及其与树高生长的…

利用叶片体内荧光测定技术,检测了南北５个地区华山松种源的荧光诱导动力学参数。结果表明,南方种源具有较强的最大荧光（Ｆｍ）和可变荧光（Ｆｖ）,其光系统Ⅱ（ＰＳⅡ）的潜在活性（Ｆｖ／Ｆ０）与原初光能转换效率（Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ）也明显高于种源,并与其树高生长成正相关。另一方面,北方种源的非光化学荧光猝灭系数（ＱＮ）比南方种源要大,与它们的树高长生成正相关,而与纬度成正相关。这些实验结果说明,利用荧光诱导动力学     

低温下水稻幼苗抗冷性动力学指标的研究

本文首次用动力学模拟方法研究抗冷性指标．根据对3个不同抗冷性品种,对存活率和叶绿素含量的抗冷动力学指标的研究结果认为用固有频率ω_n或周期T都可以正确反映不同品种之间、不同生育期之间,以及不同性状之间的抗感之间的差异．结果认为动力学模拟方法很可能是一个可靠的方法,拟进一步深入研究．     

一种新型植物动力学荧光仪

当植物从暗中转到光下时 ,其体内叶绿素 (Ｃｈｌ)荧光强度会随照光时间产生有规律的变化 ,这就是植物荧光诱导现象。由于它能够灵敏、快速、简便和无损伤地探测植物体内光合生理状况及环境因子对植物的影响 ,近年来在植物生理、植物生态、农业、林业、环境污染和遥感等领域得到重视和应用［１,２,３］。植物动力学荧光仪有调制式和非调制式两类 ,非调制式荧光仪特别适合于荧光诱导上升曲线及曲线中偏转荧光 (ＦＩ)和荧光上升互补面积 (ＣＡ)的研究 ,其中ＦＩ 是快速简便地探测体内ＰＳＩＩ无活性中心相对含量的重要途径 ,后者与光合激发能…     

CHROMOSOME MUTATIONS IN A FERN POPULATION GROWING IN A POLLUTED ENVIRONMENT: A BIOASSAY FOR MUTAGENS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS

A population of royal ferns, Osmunda regalis, which is periodically submersed by the waters of the Millers River was found to have a very high frequency of chromosome mutations. The Millers River is located in western Massachusetts and is heavily polluted with industrial wastes. Approximately 43 % of meiotic samples collected in 1973 from the Millers River population were heterozygous for mutations such as paracentric inversions or reciprocal translocations, whereas less than 1 % of meiotic samples from nearby non-polluted control populations were such heterozygotes. Cytological analysis within royal fern clones indicate that practically all of the chromosome mutations were post-zygotically induced and that at least 64 % were induced since 1969. In the course of this study over 26,000 spore mother cells were analyzed for chromosome aberrations.     

MUTATIONAL LOAD IN A FERN POPULATION GROWING IN A POLLUTED ENVIRONMENT

The Osmunda regalis sporophyte is well organized for the storage and perpetuation of post-zygotic mutations. Techniques have been developed to detect sporophytes in which such mutations have occurred. Two populations were screened for sporophytes which are chimeras for gametophytic or recessive sporophytic lethals. The populations had different ecologies; one was in a pristine lake side bog and the other was growing in the waters of a river heavily polluted with industrial wastes. Post-zygotic mutations were detected only in the polluted river population. The level of mutational damage approximated that previously documented from chromosome studies.     

A MASTER CLASS IN UNDERSTANDING VARIATIONS IN HEALTHCARE

That there is wide-spread variation in healthcare outcomes cannot be denied. The question is what does the variation mean and what can we do about it? Using a series of well-known case-studies, which include data from the Bristol and Shipman Inquiries, fundamental limitations of traditional methods of understanding variation will be highlighted. These methods, which include comparison with standards, league tables and statistical testing, have flaws and they offer little or no guidance on how to re-act to the variation. Fortunately, there is a theory of variation that overcomes these limitations and provides useful guidance on re-acting to variation, which was developed by Walter Shewhart in the 1920s in an industrial setting. Shewhart's theory of variation found widespread application and won him the accolade 'Father of modern quality control'. His work is central to philosophies of continual improvement. Application of Shewhart's theory of variation, also known as Statistical Process Control (SPC), to case-studies from healthcare will be demonstrated, whilst highlighting the implications and challenges for performance management/monitoring and continual improvement in the healthcare.
References:  1. M A Mohammed, KK Cheng, A Rouse, T Marshall. "Bristol, Shipman and clinical governance: Shewhart's forgotten lessons" The Lancet 2001; 357: 463–7.
2. P Adab, A Rouse, M A Mohammed, T Marshall. "Performance league tables: the NHS deserves better" British Medical Journal 2002; 324: 95–98     

DIVERGENCE IN SYMBIOTIC COMPATIBILITY IN A LEGUME-BRADYRHIZOBIUM MUTUALISM

Geographic variation in the mutualism between the legume Amphicarpaea bracteata and its nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteria (Bradyrhizobium sp.) was analyzed by sampling genotypes from 11 sites separated by distances ranging from 0.6 km to more than 1000 km. Cross inoculation experiments revealed that plants were genetically differentiated in traits determining compatibility with mutualist partners from different sites. Combinations of plant and bacterial genotypes native to the same local habitat yielded 26% higher plant growth relative to non-native combinations (range across 4 experiments; 9% to 48%). Among non-native symbioses, plant growth was unrelated to the geographic distance between sites of plant and bacterial origin. However, compatibility varied significantly with the genetic distance among host populations (inferred by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis): genetically similar plants from separate sites showed superior growth with each other's mutualist partners. Nevertheless, the tree structure of population genetic similarity was not congruent in plants versus bacteria. This implies that adaptive variation in symbiotic compatibility has evolved without strictly parallel divergence in the two species.