Welternährung zu Beginn des 21.Jahrhunderts: Die globale Ernährungssituation

At the beginning of the 21st century the global nutrition situation is characterized by hunger and undernutrition on the one hand and overnutriton and obesity on the other hand. The global food production is more than sufficient to cover the nutritional needs of all people. The causes of hunger and undernutrition are an insufficent food consumption due to poverty, which is worsened by natural catastrophes and ecological damages. The consequences of undernutrition are marasmus, kwashiorkor, lindness, goiter and a reduced mental development. For the improvement of the nutrition situation various measures are appropiate, which should be employed specific for target groups and as aid to self‐help. The world‐wide existing overweight can be avoided or reduced by proper food selection and preparation of meals. The globalisation of our nutrition system increases ecological damages. A careful handling of our nutrition basis is necessary to sustain life.     

Rechnergestützte Führung von Fermentationsprozessen,Teil 4

In parts 1–3 of the publication exceptionally stationary processes were used as information sources. In this fourth part the application of transition states for the adaption of the static model is investigated. A solution on the basis of a simple disturbance model is proposed and an evaluation of this procedure is given.     

Die Gesellschaften der Klasse Festuco-Brometea im westlichen Teil des böhmischen Xerothermgebietes 1. Teil

The lowland part is the centre of the hollow, which is formed by the territory of Bohbmia. There and in the part of contigues hills are concentrated xeroterm species out of which xeroterm and subceroterm association are formed (Czech xeroterm territory). Part of them, rock and meadow steppes, belong to the class Festuco-Brometea. The centre of the occurance of these xeroterm associations in Bohemia is excentrically shifted, owing to Krušné hory (Erzgebirge) mountains rain shade. Only limited choice of them are concentrated in the western part, which stands in the centre of attention of the translated study. By the analysis of the Festuco-Brometea inside the investigated territory I found out only one order, Festucetalia valesiacae with two unions, Festucion valesiacae (in which subunions Festucenion valesiacae and Astragalo-Achilleenion can be distinguished) and Cirsio-Brachypodion, I present 19 associations of them. The associations are floristically characterised and their ecology and extension in Bohemia are designated. Some of them are subdividet into lower syntaxonomic units. Syntaxonomic units of the corresponding syntaxonomic range presented from Bohemia and the nearest xeroterm territories are compared with the published material. The units, which are nomenclatoricaly used are standardized. For chorological and synchorological purposes the subdivision of the Czech xeroterm territory into five fytogeographical districts was used. The North Bohemia forest-steppe district is the centre of the Festuco-Brometea class occurance. There is the centre of Cirrdo Brachypodion unions occurance. The occurance of the subunion Astragalo-Achilleenion is nearly limited to this territory too. The mein centres of the occurance of the subunion Festucenion valesiacae are the hollow parts of Czech xeroterm territory, Milezovka highlands and Vltava-Beroun district.     

Entwicklung von Berechnungsmodellen für Enzymreaktoren (Teil 1)

It has been developed a model for a continuous working enzyme-reactor to determine the deviation of temperature and concentration in axial and radial direction. It's based on Partial Differential Equations for mass and enthalpy transfer. The model regards the specialities of kinetics of enzyme-catalytic processes with respect to the reaction rate. A difference method had been choosen which provided applicable results with respect to characteristic quantities of the substance under corresponding initial and boundary conditions. Some pictures show the deviation of temperature and concentration.     

Gerhard Heberer (1901–1973) Sein Beitrag zur Biologe im 20. Jahrhundert.; Evolutionsbiologie von Darwin bis heute.; Die Entdeckung der Evolution. Eine revolutionare Theorie und ihre Geschichte.

Gerhard Heberer (1901-1973) Sein Beitrag zur Biologe im 20. Jahrhundert. Uwe Hossfeld. Berlin: VWB—Verlag fur Wissenschaft und Bildung, 1997. 209 pp.
Evolutionsbiologie von Darwin bis heute. Rainer Brömer. Uwe Hossfeld. and Nicolaas A. Rupke. eds. Berlin: VWB. Verlag flir Wissenschaft und Bildung, 2000. 425 pp.
Die Entdeckung der Evolution. Eine revolutionare Theorie und ihre Geschichte. Thomas Junker and Uwe Hossfeld. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2001. 264 pp.     

A case of Alagille's syndrome with translocation (4;14) (q21;q21)

This paper reports a case of Alagille's syndrome, in association with a translocation 46,XY,t(4;14)(q21;21). The possible relationship between this autosomal dominant syndrome and the apparently balanced chromosomal rearrangement is discussed.     

Unkräuter in Leinfunden von der Spätlatenezeit bis zum 12. Jahrhundert

Funde verkohlter Leinsamen (Spätlaténe bis zum 12./13. Jahrhundert), denen Unkräuter in reichlicher Menge beigemischt waren, gaben den Anlaß, der Frage des Ursprungs und des Alters der spezifischen Unkrautvegetation des Leins nachzugehen. Um gesicherte Aussagen darüber geben zu können, ist das dafür zur Verfügung stehende Material noch zu gering. Die Auswertung des Fundgutes, der wichtigsten Literatur über die linicolen Unkräuter sowie von Vegetationsaufnahmen aus den Jahren 1956 bis 1968 läßt vermuten, daß die linicolen Unkrautarten unterschiedlich alt sind. So fehlen beispielsweise aus ur- und frühgeschichtlicher Zeit bisher Nachweise von Lolium remotum, Silène Unicola u. a. Der seit dem vergangenen Jahrhundert immer stärker an Bedeutung gewinnende Saatguthandel dürfte wesentlich zur Formierung und Verbreitung der heute für Mitteleuropa typischen Unkrautvegetation der Leinäcker beigetragen haben. Herrn Dr. Jage , Kemberg, gilt mein besonderer Dank, denn er stellte für diese Auswertung nicht veröffentlichte Vegetationsaufnahmen zur Verfügung (Tab. 2) und half mir durch Literaturhinweise und Diskussionen.     

An enzymatically produced novel cyclomaltopentaose cyclized from amylose by an alpha-(1-->6)-linkage, cyclo-{-->6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->}

A bacterial strain AM7, isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus circulans, produced two kinds of novel cyclic oligosaccharides. The cyclic oligosaccharides were produced from amylose using a culture supernatant of the strain as the enzyme preparation. The major product was a cyclomaltopentaose cyclized by an alpha-(1-->6)-linkage, cyclo-{-->6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->}. The other minor product was cyclomaltohexaose cyclized by an alpha-(1-->6)-linkage, cyclo-{-->6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->}. We propose the names isocyclomaltopentaose (ICG5) and isocyclomaltohexaose (ICG6) for these novel cyclic maltooligosaccharides having one alpha-(1-->6)-linkage. ICG5 was digested by alpha-amylase derived from Aspergillus oryzae, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from Bacillus stearothermophilus, and maltogenic alpha-amylase. On the other hand, ICG6 was digested by CGTase from B. stearothermophilus and B. circulans, and maltogenic alpha-amylase. This is the first report of enzymatically produced cyclomaltopentaose and cyclomaltohexaose, which have an alpha-(1-->6)-linkage in their molecules.     

Poliert (Pol), Eine Neue Augenmutante im 4. Chromosom bei Drosophila melanogaster Meig

Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine neue Mutation poliert=pol im 4. Chromosom bei Drosophila melanogaster berichtet. Sie bewirkt glänzende Augen und wird einfach rezessiv vererbt. Die Penetranz beträgt 100%.Ursache der Glanzaugen ist ein Herausgleiten der Retinulazellen aus der Augenanlage am 2. Tag nach der Verpuppung. Dadurch kommt es zu Störungen in der Ausbildung der Pseudoconi und der Kornealinsen, so daß die Augenoberfläche vollkommen glatt ist.Mit 5 Textabbildungen.     

Acute myeloid leukemia with translocation (1;21)

Advancement in genetic and molecular biology techniques has greatly helped our understanding of various diseases, especially hematological disorders. We describe a case of primary myelofibrosis (PMF) that transformed into acute myeloid leukemia with a very rare and unusual genetic translocation of (1;21). There are only five reported cases of this translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome but none of them transformed from PMF. This case not only highlights the importance of rare genetic translocations but also provides the natural history of the disease and its poor prognosis. To the best of our knowledge our patient is the first reported case of AML transformed from PMF to have this unique translocation of (1;21).