AFLP analysis of the genetic diversity of Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax, major agricultural pests

M. chitwoodi and M. fallax populations are clustered and separated from the other species studied. The genetic diversity observed for M. incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica, M. hapla, and M. mayaguensis correlates well with the previously validated species. Two main groups can be identified within the M. chitwoodi/M. fallax cluster, the first group comprises only M. chitwoodi populations whereas the second group is made of M. chitwoodi and M. fallax populations. Moreover, M. chitwoodi displays a higher genetic diversity than M. fallax and is characterised by the presence of several clusters.     

Les “ Mésentéripores ” (Bryozoaires cyclostomes) du Néocomien du Jura suisse et Français

Study of new and important collections of bryozoa in Neocomian of the French and Swiss Jura improve the knowledge of these Bryozoa, especially the “mesenteripores” (Tubuloporina with bilamellar structure) of which almost all the species types proceed from the Jura. These species are here redefined, for example M. campicheana which was poorly known until now. One new species, Mesonopora uniordinata, is described. To this superior delimitation of species, is added extensed geographical distribution and also more precise stratigraphical position. The fauna of mesenteripores varies according to lithostratigraphy, that is to say, with variations of paleoenvironment. Among these, modification of substratum, sedimentary deposition, depth, are the easiest to envisage.     

Une espèce géante de MuscardinusKaup, 1829(Gliridae,Rodentia, Mammalia) dans le gisement karstique de Cala Es Pou (Miocène supérieur de Minorque,Baléares)

In this paper, Muscardinus cyclopeus nov. sp., from the locality of Cala Es Pou, in Menorca (Balearic Islands)), is described. M. cyclopeus is close to M. viretiHugueney & Mein, but shows a greater size. This species belongs to a new phase of insularity in the Balearic Islands, different from the classical Myotragus-Hypnomys-Nesiotites faunas. This phase may be due to variations in the sea level within the Messinian. Other elements belonging to this phase are: Geochelone gymnesicaBate, cf. Alilepus nov. sp. and Rhinolophus cf. grivensis (Deperet).     

Civettictis braini nov. sp. (Mammalia: Carnivora), a new viverrid from the hominin-bearing site of Kromdraai (Gauteng,South Africa)

A new Plio-Pleistocene viverrid species is described based on two newly discovered maxillae (KW 10141 and KW 10383) from the recent excavations at the hominin-bearing site of Kromdraai (Gauteng, South Africa). This major site allows us to address the conundrum of Paranthropus and Homo origins in South Africa and presents a highly diverse carnivore spectrum (at least 22 species) including herpestids and viverrids. Civettictis braini nov. sp. is a viverrid species comparable in size to the extant African civet Civettictis civetta (Schreber, 1776). However C. braini nov. sp. differs significantly from the extant species in its dental proportions. Its canine and three premolars (P1–P3) are relatively robust, while its carnassials (P4) and two molars (M1, M2) are extremely reduced. This new species supplements our knowledge on carnivore taxonomic diversity and paleoecology in Southern Africa about 2 millions of years ago.     

Foraminifères du Lias moyenet supérieur d'Obon: Chaînes ibériques,Province de Teruel,Espagne

The Obon sections in the central Iberian ranges, thestratigraphy of which is well established, have a rich microfauna of Foraminifera from Upper Domerian and Toarcian. It is partly original (4 new species are described, and 4 are left as open nomenclature).The plentifulness of the material has allowed thestructures of some of the populations to be shown up, some of the forms to be grouped up into spectrums and precisions brought in about the notion of the Lenticulina genus and its systematics.A part of the Iberian species is also to be found in the rest of Western Europe and Morocco. The Poitou species created by J.M. Payard (1947) are the objects of critical comparison. The later appearance of the marly-calcareous facies in Poitou may explain the differences in stratigraphic repartition fairly constantly observed.     

A new kogaionid multituberculate mammal from the Maastrichtian of the Transylvanian Basin,Romania

The Latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) terrestrial sedimentary sequences of the Haţeg Basin in Transylvania are well known for the so-called “Haţeg Island” vertebrate faunas, which evolved in endemic (insular?) conditions. In addition to frogs, lizards, turtles, crocodilians, birds and dinosaurs, peculiar multituberculate mammals have been recorded, all belonging to the family Kogaionidae. Here, a new species of the genus Barbatodon is reported from the Maastrichtian Şard Formation in the Transylvanian Basin (Alba County, Romania). Barbatodon oardaensis n. sp. is characterized by M1 cusp formula 3:4:2 and is much smaller than the two other Maastrichtian kogaionids from Transylvania, Barbatodon transylvanicus and Kogaionon ungureanui. The origin and paleobiogeography of kogaionids are discussed.     

Cretaceous and Paleogene Bourgueticrinina (Echinodermata,Crinoidea) of the USSR

The theca and the columnals of twenty-two lateCretaceous species of the genus Bourgueticrinus (including two new species), of one species of the genus Democrinus, of four species of the genus Conocrinus (including one new species) and of one species of the genus Paleobathycrinus known from USSR are figured and shortly described. Biometric reconstructions of stems for B. aequalis, B. bellus, B. danicus, B. fischeri and C. tauricus nov. sp. are given. A new index is used to suggest the relative flexibility of stem. Decrease in dimension and flexibility of the arms in several species take place simultaneously with an increase of stem flexibility. This fact seems to be closely related to environmental changes.     

中国纩蚜属研究及新种新亚种记述(同翅目:纩蚜科)(英文)

通过对中国纩蚜属的研究,作者提出纩蚜属的现代地理分布呈岛状分布的格局;并推测该属的起源中心可能在欧洲,现代分化中心可能在中国的横断山脉地区。从动物地理的角度,探讨了该属内的系统发育关系。同时,发现一新种,即云杉纩蚜Mindaurspiceasuctusspnov.。正模为无翅孤雌蚜,副模为5只有翅孤雌蚜和8只无翅孤雌蚜,分布在云南省昆明市,辽宁省沈阳市和熊岳县。一新亚种,即冷杉纩蚜三圈亚种M.abietinustriprimesensorissp.nov.,正模为有翅孤雌蚜,副模为3只有翅孤雌蚜,分布在云南省丽江市玉龙山。一新纪录种,即冷杉纩蚜指名亚种M.abietinusabietinusKoch1856。并且给出种的检索表,模式标本存放在中国科学院动物研究所标本馆。     

Host-parasite associations of Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa:Eimeriidae) in kangaroos and wallabies of the genus Macropus (Marsupialia:Macropodidae)

Faecal samples from 514 kangaroos and wallabies representing 12 species of the genus Macropus were examined for oocysts of Eimeria spp. Six species of Eimeria were redescribed from their type hosts, and on the basis of finding homologous oocysts in the faeces of other Macropus spp., host ranges for these coccidia were extended. Eimeria hestermani Mykytowycz, 1964 is redescribed from M. giganteus (eastern grey kangaroo) and is described from M. fuliginosus (western grey kangaroo), M. rufogriseus (red-necked wallaby), M. dorsalis (black-striped wallaby), and M. eugenii (tammar wallaby). E. toganmainensis Mykytowycz, 1964 is redescribed from M. rufus (red kangaroo) and the host range is extended to M. giganteus, M. fuliginosus, M. rufogriseus and M. eugenii. E. wilcanniensis Mykytowycz, 1964 is redescribed from M. rufus, and the host range is extended to M. giganteus, M. fuliginosus and M. robustus (euro or wallaroo). E. macropodis Wenyon & Scott, 1925 is redescribed from M. rufogriseus, and is described from M. giganteus, M. fuliginosus, M. rufus, M. irma (western brush wallaby), M. parryi (whip-tailed wallaby), M. dorsalis, M. eugenii, and M. parma (parma wallaby). E. fausti Yakimoff & Matschoulsky, 1936, E. cunnamullensis Mykytowycz, 1964 and E. purchasei Mykytowycz, 1964 are synonymized with E. macropodis. E. marsupialium Yakimoff & Matschoulsky, 1936 is redescribed from M. giganteus, and from M. fuliginosus. E. gungahlinensis Mykytowycz, 1964 is redescribed from M. fuliginosus, and from M. giganteus. Seven new species of Eimeria are described. E. flindersi, new species, is described from M. eugenii, M. rufogriseus, and M. antilopinus (antilopine wallaroo). E. prionotemni, new species, is described from M. eugenii, M. parryi, M. rufogriseus, M. agilis (agile wallaby) and M. dorsalis. E. mykytowyczi, new species, is described from M. agilis, M. antilopinus, and M. parryi. E. parryi, new species, is described from M. parryi. E. yathongensis, new species, is described from M. fuliginosus and M. giganteus. E. parma, new species, is described from M. parma, and E. desmaresti, new species, is described from M. rufogriseus. E. kogoni Mykytowycz, 1964, and E. rufusi Prasad, 1960 are considered species inquirendae. The host-parasite associations of these coccidia, and of similar species of Eimeria in other genera of Macropodoid marsupials, are discussed in relation to the postulated phylogeny of the hosts.     

贵州蓑藓属一新种

ＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆＭａｃｒｏｍｉｔｒｉｕｍｉｎＧｕｉｚｈｏｕｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅＣｈｉｎａ .Ａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｍ ,2ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓａｒｅｅｎ ｄｅｍｉｃｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ,Ｍ .ｃａｖａｌｅｒｉｅｒＣａｒｄ＆Ｔｈｅｒ .ａｎｄＭ .ｆｏｒｔｕｎａｔｉｉＣａｒｄ＆Ｔｈｅｒ .Ｄｕｒｉｎｇａｒｅｃｅｎｔｒｅ -ｅｘａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｍｅＭａｃｒｏｍｉｔｒｉｕｍｓｐｅｃｉｍｅｎｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｉｓｒｅｇｉｏｎ .ＡｔａｘｏｎｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＭ .ｆｅｒｒｉｅｉＣａｒ…     

Truyolsodontos estauni n. gen., n. sp., Truyolsodontidae,a new family of lamniform sharks from the Cenomanian of northern Spain

Truyolsodontos estauni n. gen., n. sp. is described based on fossil teeth from the middle and upper Cenomanian of northern Spain. The species Protoscyliorhinus magnusLandemaine, 1991 is withdrawn from the genus Protoscyliorhinus and placed in this new one. For the new genus, the new family Truyolsodontidae is proposed.     

Prominatherium dalmatinum from the late Eocene of Grancona (Vicenza,NE Italy). The oldest terrestrial mammal of the Italian peninsula

So far, the oldest terrestrial mammal associations in Italy dates to the beginning of the Oligocene, with Anthracotheriidae being the most represented taxon. Sites from northern Italy yielded remains of the genus Anthracotherium that spread from Asia to western Europe after the Grande Coupure. A finding at Grancona, which is Priabonian in age, implies that Anthracotheriidae family reached the Italian Peninsula before the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. Thus, the dispersal of this family in northern Italy is anterior than previously believed. The fossil consists of a poorly preserved right hemi-maxilla with well-preserved P4 and M3. The shape and the size of the teeth are not compatible with the genus Anthracotherium. On the contrary, the closer affinities with the Croatian species Prominatherium dalmatinum suggest a connection between the Balkan area and the Italian peninsula and a possible new way of dispersal for this family.     

The cave population of Chaerilus Simon, 1877 from Palawan,Philippines, and description of a new species (Scorpiones: Chaerilidae)

The study of an important collection of scorpions, belonging to the genus Chaerilus, recently collected from a cave in the Palawan Island, Philippines, allows the clarification of the identity of this population, often misidentified with Chaerilus chapmani Vachon & Lourenço, 1985 known from caves in the Gunong Mulu National Park in Sarawak (Borneo). Chaerilus agnellivanniorum sp. n. is described from the Puerto Princesa Underground River Cave in Palawan Island based on 14 specimens, males, females, and juveniles. The new species is totally distinct morphologically from Chaerilus chapmani, a true troglobitic species. Chaerilus agnellivanniorum sp. n. may also be a true troglobitic element, but with a less marked degree of regression for several characters. Some comments on the ecology of the new species and on regional biogeography of Borneo and Palawan islands are also proposed.     

Musa chunii Hakkinen, a new species (Musaceae) from Yunnan,China and taxonomic identity of Musa rubra

The center of diversity of the genus Musa (Musaceae) is in Southeast Asia, a region not studied in detail and where new species and varieties continue to be reported. A new wild banana species, M. chunii Hakki-nen from Yunnan, China is described and illustrated based on observed morphological characteristics in the field. This extremely rare new species was only found in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, Dehong District, West Yunnan. A key to M. chunii and related taxa is provided. In addition, critical notes regarding M. rubra Kurz identity are given.     

A multilocus gene genealogy concordant with host preference indicates segregation of a new species, Magnaporthe oryzae, from M. grisea

Magnaporthe oryzae is described as a new species distinct from M. grisea. Gene trees were inferred for Magnaporthe species using portions of three genes: actin, beta-tubulin, and calmodulin. These gene trees were found to be concordant and distinguished two distinct clades within M. grisea. One clade is associated with the grass genus Digitaria and is therefore nomenclaturally tied to M. grisea. The other clade is associated with Oryza sativa and other cultivated grasses and is described as a new species, M. oryzae. While no morphological characters as yet distinguish them, M. oryzae is distinguished from M. grisea by several base substitutions in each of three loci as well as results from laboratory matings; M.oryzae and M. grisea are not interfertile. Given that M. oryzae is the scientifically correct name for isolates associated with rice blast and grey leaf spot, continued use of M. grisea for such isolates would require formal nomenclatural conservation.     

Mollugo viscosa sp. nov. (Molluginaceae), a segregate of M. brasiliensis from Minas Gerais in eastern Brazil

The new species Mollugo viscosa Thulin & Harley is described from Minas Gerais in eastern Brazil. It was previously part of the recently published M. brasiliensis Thulin & Harley, a species that was found to be non‐monophyletic in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Mollugo brasiliensis is here divided into a northern species (M. brasiliensis s.str.) in Bahia and a southern species (M. viscosa sp. nov.) in Minas Gerais. The new species differs from M. brasiliensis in its denser and more viscous indumentum, and in its distinctly smaller seeds with smaller tubercles and a smaller hilar peg, and from its sister species M. ulei by being a perennial herb with bisexual flowers.     

中国叉丝壳属分类研究——Ⅴ.忍冬科上的新种和已知种

本文报道寄生于我国忍冬科植物上的叉丝壳属白粉菌5个种:双盾叉丝壳Microsphacra dipeltae Yu et Lai sp. nov., 二郎山叉丝壳M. erlangshanensis Yu sp. nov.,忍冬叉丝壳M. lonicerae(DC.)Winter,万布叉丝壳M. van-brunctiana Gerard和荚蒾叉丝壳M.viburni(Duby)Blumer,前二者为新种;对新种作了汉文和拉丁文描述,并附有形态图。每一个种都列有寄主种类和国内外分布,并讨论了它们与邻近种之间的区别。     

A New Species of Genus Microhyla(Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from Zhejiang Province,China

We described a new species, Microhyla beilunensis sp. nov., from Zhejiang Province of China. Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial 12 S, 16 S and CO1 gene sequences suggested that the new taxon was distinctly separated from its congeners and closed to M. mixtura and M. okinavensis. Morphologically, the new species could be identified from its congeners except M. mixtura by several characters:(1) rudimentary webs on toe base;(2) absence of disks and dorsal median longitudinal grooves on finger tips;(3) presence of disks and dorsal median longitudinal grooves on toe tips. As well, the new species could be identified from topotype M. mixtura by the combination of characters:(1) apart from the stripes, bar-shaped and oval-shaped patterns, the rounded spots present on the dorsum of body and legs;(2) the outer metacarpal tubercles prominently larger than the inner one;(3) of males, the ratios of HW, IND, UEW and LAW to SVL of the new species were significantly larger than those of M. mixtura(P 0.01), and the ratios of SL, IOD, LAHL, HLL, TL, TFL and FL to SVL of the new species were significantly less than those of M. mixtura(P 0.05).     

Phylogenetic position and description of a new species of subgenus Mus (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Thailand

Molecular, chromosomal and morphometric analyses of wild-caught mice of subgenus Mus from the central plain of Thailand are presented. These specimens are distinct from all species previously described in the literature. This has led to the characterization of Mus fragilicauda sp. n., a new member of the set of closely related species encompassed by the subgenus . While this species may be considered as a sibling and sympatric species of the Asian M. cervicolor , M. fragilicauda sp. n. is phylogenetically closer to the M. musculus complex of species and to the other European species of Mus .     

A new species of Mimulus endemic to copper mines in California

MACNAIR, M. R., 1989. A new species of Mimulus endemic to copper mines in California . The distribution and morphology of Mimulus cupriphilus , a new species restricted to two small copper mines in Calaveras County, California, is described. A comparison of flowers collected in the wild of M. guttatus and the new taxon shows that they differ considerably. These two species and three other species from the M. guttatus complex, M. nasutus, M. laciniatus and M. nudatus were grown in a glasshouse and compared. The five species were all clearly distinct. The distribution of M. cupriphilus is consistent with it having evolved comparatively recently on one or both of the two copper mines on which it is found.