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我国公立医院改革在初步阶段已经取得一定成效。如在公立医院服务体系建设、县级公立医院改革、惠民便民措施推广以及多元化办医格局推进等方面取得一定进展。基于我国公立医院治理与改革的政策背景,从法人治理、协同治理、医药服务价格体系、激励机制以及基于多元化治理理念的公立医院监管五个方面,分析了公立医院治理与改革中面临的主要挑战,并对公立医院治理与改革的未来趋势作出判断与展望。 相似文献
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建立管理者有效激励机制,化解公立医院法人治理结构下的委托代理问题是公立医院体制改革的重要保障。该激励机制通过弥合管理者与所有者的价值及行为取向差异,促使管理者自觉自愿地履行并实现公共利益。但由于机制建立过程中存在效益目标不明晰、绩效水平难于考量等难题。为此,需以公共利益为导向设置董事机构,加强效益评价指标体系和外部监管制度建设,同时创新激励手段,从而提高公立医院法人治理结构下的整体绩效。 相似文献
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??????? 改革模式的选择关系到县级公立医院改革结果的成败。重点探讨县级公立医院绩效型行政化改革模式的基本假设、制度安排及逻辑错误、主要弊端,并依此主张县级公立医院选择治理型市场化改革模式。 相似文献
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为了弄清什么是公立医院的管理体制,公立医院管理体制改革的对象是什么等问题,通过系统阅读和整理若干文献, 认为:公立医院管理体制改革不是简单的“管办分开”,其本身并非改革的目的,而只是完善公立医院管理体制的手段;也不等于单纯地建立医院管理理事会。改革我国公立医院陈旧落后的管理体制就是要做到:在公立医院的外部治理上,转变政府职能,实现政府的宏观规划监管职能与微观经营管理职能分开,让医院获得经营管理的自主权;在公立医院的内部治理上,建立以医院管理理事会为核心的法人治理结构,在公立医院拥有充分自主权的前提下,实现公立医院的决策权、执行权与监督权的独立与相互制衡。 相似文献
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从公益性角度分析并结合我国公立医院公共服务的实践,提出公立医院确保基础医疗服务、提高扶持基层医疗的水平、开展公共卫生和卫生应急服务、控制成本和提供针对弱势群体的医疗服务的公共服务职能,推动公立医院切实履行公益性,为人民群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务。 相似文献
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Ross S. Federman 《The Yale journal of biology and medicine》2014,87(4):417-422
Though once a discovery greatly celebrated by the nation, the vaccine has come under fire in recent decades from skeptics, critics, and a movement set into motion by fraudulent scientists and fueled by frustrated parents looking for answers to the autism conundrum. There is enough denialist resistance to vaccination to bring upon renewed fear of young children and infants becoming infected with diseases, the threats of which had been functionally eradicated from the United States. In more recent years, the surge in independent online journalism and blogging has invited many to rapidly share their opinions with millions of readers and, importantly, has appeared to open the door for opinion to be portrayed as fact. As a result, many parents are inundated with horror stories of vaccine dangers, all designed to eat away at them emotionally while the medical and scientific communities have mounted their characteristic response by sharing the facts, the data, and all of the reliable peer-reviewed and well-cited research to show that vaccines are safe and effective. It has become clear to me that facts are no match for emotion, but perhaps an understanding behind vaccine methodology will help parents overcome these fears of vaccinating. By helping those who doubt vaccines better understand what vaccines really are and how they work in such an incredibly engineered fashion, we may have a stronger weapon than we realize in battling the emotional arsenal that comes from the fear and skepticism of vaccinating. 相似文献
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财政补偿机制改革关系到公立医院改革目标的实现。在深入理解医院公益性内涵的基础上,针对财政补偿对医院公益性的影响,结合当前补偿思路存在的问题,以解决“看病难、看病贵”问题为目标,提出了基于时序比较的财政补偿机制,给出了相应的财政补偿方法。 相似文献
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在市场经济背景下,公立医院公益性日益淡化,其原因是多方面的,而政府规制俘获是其中最根本的原因之一。政府规制俘获是政府失灵的表现,政府规制部门与公立医院之间信息不对称是政府规制俘获产生的前提,政府多重委托代理所造成的规制主体多元化是政府规制俘获产生的条件,规制主体的自身利益诉求且缺乏公益性是规制俘获产生的必然。针对政府规制俘获产生的现实,应建立信息披露机制,组建卫生大部制,增加规制者的俘获成本,促进规制政策制定的科学性,从制度层面阻止政府规制俘获的产生,保证公立医院的公益性。 相似文献
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结合当前卫生体制改革思路,明确医院公益性的定位与职能,
探讨保障医院公益性的制度安排与机制设计原则,研究保障医院公益性运行机制的基本框架,为进一步建立医院公益性保障机制模型奠定基础,为政府有关决策部门制定医院改革与发展的政策与法规提供理论支撑和决策依据。 相似文献
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《Anthrozo?s》2013,26(4):475-490
ABSTRACTA number of attitudinal studies have examined support for the use of animals in research. However, on the whole they have come to rather different conclusions. In our research, which is based on focus group discussions held in Denmark, we attempted to explain this variation by examining the way the relevant attitudes are formed. Although our participants had only limited knowledge of, and interest in, animal use in research, they were perfectly capable of developing reasoned attitudes to it by drawing on evaluative considerations concerning animal use in general. Furthermore, the evaluation of animal research involves a distinct experience of value conflict—between the possible human benefits, on one hand, and a concern for costs to the animal, on the other. Different ways of dealing with this conflict gives rise to different attitudinal stances on animal research: Disapprovers, Reserved, and Approvers. These stances, and their supporting lines of argument, are rather robust, as they are grounded in stable underlying values. However, at the same time they leave room for variable evaluations of different types of animal experiment. This facilitates shifts between disapproval and approval, especially for the Reserved who experience ambivalence. Future quantitative analyses should take into consideration that attitudes in the field of animal experimentation can be viewed (and measured) both at an underlying value-based level and at a context-specific level. 相似文献