用RAPD检测华山新麦草自然居群的遗传结构和居群分化

华山新麦草特产于我国陕西华山,为国家一级重点保护植物。应用RAPD技术,用2 0条随机引物对黄埔峪、仙峪、华山峪3个居群不同海拔的13个亚居群共2 6 6个华山新麦草取样个体进行扩增,共得12 2个扩增片段。平均每个引物得到的扩增片段数为6 .1(2～10 )。实验数据的统计分析表明:黄埔峪居群的多态性位点比率为6 0 .6 6 % ,仙峪居群的多态性位点比率为90 .98% ,华山峪居群的多态性位点比率为95 .0 8% ,总的多态性位点比率为95 .0 8% ,说明华山新麦草具有较高的遗传变异性。Shannon多样性指数(0 .330 6 )和基因分化系数(GST=0 .32 6 3)揭示了华山新麦草居群遗传变异多存在于亚居群内。华山新麦草亚居群间的基因流N m=1.0 32 2 ,低于一般风媒传粉植物(N m=5 .2 4 )的基因流水平。亚居群间平均的遗传距离为0 .15 71(变化范围:0 .0 0 2 2～0 .2 90 1) ,最大的遗传距离值出现在黄埔峪亚居群(hp1)和华山峪高海拔亚居群(h8)之间,仙峪亚居群与华山峪高海拔亚居群之间以及华山峪高海拔亚居群与低海拔亚居群之间的遗传距离值也较大。遗传距离与海拔垂直距离之间的相关性分析表明二者有显著的相关性(p<0 .0 1)。聚类分析和主成分分析也显示华山新麦草自然居群已发生明显分化,主要表现为黄埔峪居群、仙峪居群与华山峪居群     

祁连山区特有物种黑虎耳草的居群遗传多样性研究

利用叶绿体基因(rbcL和trnS-G)及核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS),对祁连山区狭域分布的特有物种黑虎耳草8个居群(115个个体)进行遗传多样性研究,旨在揭示黑虎耳草的居群遗传结构及其历史进化过程。结果表明:(1)所有取样个体共检测到4个cpDNA单倍型和9个ITS单倍型,其中祁连山东南部的居群固定较多的单倍型和特有单倍型,而西北部居群只固定少数几个广泛分布的单倍型,且遗传多样性普遍较低。(2)基于cpDNA数据和ITS数据的分子变异分析(AMOVA)显示,遗传变异主要来源于居群内。(3)基于cpDNA数据的中性检验表明,Tajima’s D(-1.012 30,P> 0.05)和Fu&Li’s D*(-2.066 77,P> 0.05)均为负值,均不显著;歧点分布分析结果显示,黑虎耳草居群经历过近期的扩张事件。根据物种现有遗传分布格局推测,黑虎耳草在第四纪冰期时退缩到祁连山东南部的边缘避难所,间冰期或冰期后回迁到祁连山西北部地区,在回迁过程中由于奠基者效应导致祁连山西北部的居群仅固定少数广泛分布的单倍型,并呈现出较低的遗传多样性;由于居群较小且相互隔离,该...     

Genetic structure and differentiation of Psathyrostachys huashanica populations detected with RAPD markers

Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng is a perennial grass and belongs to genus Psathyrostachys under Triticeae. sathyrostachys is found in the center of Middle Asia and the Caucasus Mountain, while P. huashanica, a species endemic to China, is only located in Mt. Hua in the Shaanxi province, China. At present, the population of this species is decreasing, and reaching the edge of extinction. Due to the limitation in distribution and the importance as breeding material for germplasm storage, it has been considered as first class among the national protected rare plants. For this reason, the present study is significant in probing plant flora, origin and evolution of Triticeae, and crop breeding. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze the genetic structure and differentiation of P. huashanica populations sampled in three valleys (Huangpu, Xian, and Huashan Valleys) in Mt. Hua. One hundred and twenty-two RAPD fragments were obtained in all 266 individuals with 20 primers with a mean of 6.1 (2–10) fragments per primer. The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB) was 60.66% in Huangpu Valley, 90.98% in Xian Valley, 95.08% in Huashan Valley, and the total PPB was 95.08%, which indicated a highly genetic variability of P. huashanica. The Shannon’s Information index and G _ST were 0.3306 and 0.3263, respectively, indicating that there were more genetic variations within the subpopulations than those among the subpopulations. The gene flow among the subpopulations of P. huashanica (Nm = 1.0322) was much less than that of the common anemophytes (Nm = 5.24). Mean genetic distance is 0.1 571 (range: 0.0022–0.2901). The highest value of genetic distance was found between the subpopulation (hp1) of Huangpu Valley and the highest altitude subpopulation (h8) of Huashan Valley. Correlation analysis detected significant correlation between genetic distance and vertical distance of altitude. Clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed the genetic differentiation among the populations of P. huashanica. Differentiation mainly occurred between the higher altitude subpopulations and the lower altitude subpopulations, suggesting that altitude might be the major factor that restricted the gene flow between different altitude subpopulations and resulted in differentiation of subpopulations. Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(4): 719–726 [译自: 生态学报]     

肋果沙棘北缘居群的遗传多样性与遗传结构

该研究利用SSR分子标记,对肋果沙棘(Hippophae neurocarpa)分布区北缘青海祁连地区5个自然居群进行分析,旨在了解小地理尺度下肋果沙棘北缘居群的遗传多样性和片段化分布居群的遗传结构,为肋果沙棘居群的资源保护提供了依据。采用6对微卫星引物对107个样本DNA进行扩增,共检测到27个等位变异,变幅为2~9个,平均每个位点有4.67个,平均观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.142和0.230,Shannon信息指数(I)的变幅介于0.280~0.567之间,平均值为0.374,说明肋果沙棘北缘居群的遗传多样性较为丰富。遗传分化系数Fst=0.483,分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明肋果沙棘有48.33%的变异存在于居群间,51.67%存在于居群内。对5个居群之间的遗传距离与地理距离做Mental检验,结果表明遗传距离与地理距离相关性不显著,对基因流检测发现居群间的Nm为0.328,推测遗传漂变是居群分化的关键因素之一。Structure分析把5个居群分为2组。UPGMA聚类分析表明5个居群聚为2个分支,其中居群ARX为单独的一支,与主坐标分析的结果一致。基于分布区北缘青海祁连肋果沙棘自然居群的遗传结构分析,建议应尽可能多地保护不同的地方居群。     

同域分布垂穗披碱草和达乌力披碱草遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

披碱草属(Elymus L.)是禾本科(Poaceae)小麦族(Triticeae)中的一个多年生属,该属在青藏高原地区有广泛分布,多数物种是草原和草甸的组成成分,许多种类为品质优良的牧草.垂穗披碱草(E.nutans)和达乌力披碱草(E.dahuricus)同为禾本科小麦族披碱草属异源六倍体物种,染色体组组成皆为St...     

真鲷自然群体和人工繁殖群体的遗传多样性

采用RAPD技术对真鲷野生群体及人工繁殖群体各23个个体进行了DNA多态性检测。实验选取OPK组16个10 bp随机引物用于两群体的遗传多样性分析。在野生群体和人工繁殖群体中分别获得131和123条扩增片段,两群体的多态片段比例分别为62.60%和54.47%,平均杂合度分别为0.4786和0.3633,可见真鲷野生群体及人工繁殖群体的遗传多样性较为丰富,在选择育种和遗传改良方面具有较大的潜力。人工繁殖群体的多态片段比例和平均杂合度都低于野生群体,意味着在生产过程中要采取行之有效的管理保护措施以避免或减少遗传多样性水平的降低,确保真鲷增养殖业的可持续发展。     

内蒙古地区短花针茅（Stipa breviflora）种群遗传多样性

短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)属亚洲中部荒漠草原种,分布范围极其广泛,为荒漠草原地带重要的牧草资源.在内蒙古地区,短花针茅群落类型复杂多样,与本氏针茅(S.bungeana)、小针茅(S.klemenzii)和克氏针茅(S.krylovii)均能共同建群,具有很广的生态幅和很强的适应能力.研究以8个不同的短花针茅地理种群为对象,随机采集健康、无锈短花针茅叶片样本,通过RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA,RAPD)分析,研究短花针茅种群的遗传多样性,丰富人们对短花针茅生物多样性的认识,也为合理利用短花针茅草原提供依据.结果表明,(1)从102条10碱基随机引物中筛选出28条有效引物,共扩增出308条DNA带,多态性DNA带151条,占49.03%,特异性DNA带45条,占14.61%.(2)遗传多样性较为丰富,多态性位点百分率为49.03%,但低于同种方法获得的大针茅(54.75%)和克氏针茅(74.67%)的遗传多样性.(3)等级聚类、PCA分析和UPGMA聚类3种不同方法都将8个不同地理种群分为同样的两类:暖温性种群和中温性种群,热量差异是主导因素,而且,与种群的空间分布相吻合.(4)经Mantel检验发现,遗传距离与地理距离存在显著相关性(r=0.534,P＜0.05).(5)Pearson相关分析表明,特异性位点百分率与≥10℃积温、干燥度和年平均降水量之间均无显著相关性.     

野生和近交稀有Ju鲫的遗传多样性

用ＲＡＰＤ技术对稀有Ｊｕ鲫近交１０代及３个野生群体的遗传多样性和群体间差异进行了研究。无论从多态位点的比例,个体间的共带率还是多样性指数来看,近交１０代的遗传多样性极低。在２２６个ＲＡＰＤ位点中,野生群体有近半数的位点是多态的,Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ多样性指数在０．２９１１－０．３２３５间,表明自群本保持了较丰富遗传多样性。近交１０代与野生群体间遗传差异十分明显。野生群体间在１１－１９个位点上的表型频率存     

Genetic structure and phylogeography of European catfish (Silurus glanis) populations

The genetic structure of Silurus glanis (Europe's largest freshwater fish species) across most of its natural distribution was investigated using 10 microsatellite loci. The revealed levels of genetic diversity were much higher than previous allozyme and restriction fragment length polymorphism mitochondrial DNA analyses had shown; relative levels of variability among populations were however, in good agreement with the previous studies. Populations from large basins (Volga and Danube rivers) were the most polymorphic, while samples from the smaller Greek rivers, which are more prone to genetic bottleneck, exhibited the lowest levels of genetic diversity. Microsatellite multilocus genotyping permitted the assignment of individual fish to their population of origin with a score as high as 98.3%. Despite the great genetic differentiation of S. glanis populations, no consistent pattern of geographical structuring was revealed, in contrast to previous studies of European freshwater fish species. A model of isolation by distance seems more probable and a hypothesis of recent dispersion from only one glacial refugium is proposed. The discovery of the highest levels of microsatellite and mitochondrial diversity in the Volga sample and the presence of river connections, during the Pleistocene, between this area and all major areas of the present catfish distribution, place this refugium around the Ponto-Caspian region. Combining these data with those from previous studies, a number of markers are now available to monitor wild and hatchery populations even at the individual level.     

Genetic diversity and dispersal of the moss Sarconeurum glaciale on Ross Island, East Antarctica

The extent of genetic variation and dispersal mechanisms were investigated over short distances of 1–100 m, and up to 3 km, by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, for the moss Sarconeurum glaciale , at three locations on Ross Island, Antarctica. At Arrival Heights, genetic variation occurred within single colonies, and the relationships between clumps indicated that they were dispersed down small, meltwater drainage channels by water. The genetic similarities between the colonies from Arrival Heights and others from Scott Base and Crater Hill, a few km away, together with the prevailing wind direction and absence of this moss in the intervening snow-covered area, suggested longer-distance dispersal by wind. Overall, the Ross Island samples appeared to form a single, polymorphic population that was distinct from another population at Canada Glacier, 110 km distant. Somatic mutation, rather than immigration of genetically different propagules from elsewhere, appeared to be the most probable cause of genetic variability in these haploid, vegetatively reproducing Antarctic moss populations. Initiation of recolonization of S. glaciale across a dirt track at Arrival Heights was also investigated by RAPDs, to investigate how regrowth of mosses in disturbed areas occurred in the extreme environment of Antarctica.     

海南岛宽额鳢(Channa gachua)群体遗传变异与生物地理过程

为了解海南岛宽额鳢(Channa gachua)的群体遗传分化和亲缘生物地理过程,采集了云南元江和海南岛5个水系(昌化江、陵水河、藤桥河、万泉河及南渡江)共6个种群168个宽额鳢个体,基于线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因全序列(1142 bp)对其遗传多样性和遗传分化程度进行了评估,并探讨了地质和气候等因素如何塑造了这一物种的亲缘地理结构及演化历史。基于Cyt b序列构建的系统树结果将所有个体分成两个主要谱系(A和B),谱系A包括海南岛所有种群,其中,部分昌化江个体形成独立的亚支(A2),其余个体聚为另一亚支(A1),谱系B为云南元江的全部个体,各谱系间的遗传分化指数均较高。种群历史动态分析表明,各谱系均没有发生种群扩张,但A1亚支与谱系B曾在约1万年前发生过有效种群数量减小的事件。根据研究结果推测,更新世冰期期间,北部湾因海平面下降而暴露,大陆和海南岛的水系发生接触,越南北部水系(包括元江/红河)通过一条联系雷州半岛和海南岛的古河道流入南海,因而冰期期间宽额鳢有机会从元江(红河)扩散至海南岛西南部,随后在海南岛内部,宽额鳢进一步扩散,并以五指山为种群间基因交流的重要地理障碍,各水系间种群发生基因交流和遗传分化。     

Disturbance by mowing affects clonal diversity: the genetic structure of Ranunculus ficaria (Ranunculuaceae) in meadows and forests

To study the impact of disturbance by mowing on clonal variation, we compared the genetic structure of Ranunculus ficaria (Ranunculaceae) in meadows and forests located in southeast Germany. We applied random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to investigate the clonal and genetic diversity and analysed a total of 117 samples from three study plots in each habitat type. Polymerase chain reaction with six primers resulted in 57 fragments. Clonal diversity differed clearly between the two analysed habitat types and was significantly higher in the study plots from meadows than in those from forests. The mean percentage of distinguishable genotypes (PD) was 0.80 in meadow plots and 0.36 in forest plots, and the detected genets were smaller in meadow plots than in forest plots. Mean genetic diversity measured as percentage of polymorphic bands, Shannon’s information index and Nei’s gene diversity was also higher in meadows (44.4, 0.22 and 0.14) than in forests (25.1, 0.09 and 0.05). The higher level of clonal diversity in meadow plots is most likely due to the effects of disturbance by mowing, which increases the dispersal of bulbils and promotes the establishment of new plants in meadows compared to forests.     

The structure of morphometric and allozyme variation in relict populations of Gypsophila fastigiata (Caryophyllaceae) in Sweden

Patterns of variation and the structuring of diversity in seed phenotype and allozymes were investigated in Sweden Gypsophila fastigiata, a perennial herb with a disjunct ‘Late Glacial relict’ distribution in eastern and northern Europe. The overall patterns of variation in allozymes and seed morphology are congruent and are significantly correlated with geographic distance. However, most of the congruence between the distance matrices based on allozymes and seed morphology is attributable to regional differentiation between the isolated Öland and Dalarna metapopulations. On a local scale, within the two metapopulations, seed shape variation is partially correlated with geography whereas allozyme variation is unrelated to the geographic disposition of the sampling sites. Despite the fact that regional metapopulations can be discriminated on the basis of seed shape and allozyme frequencies, relatively little of the total diversity in seed morphology and allozymes is due to differentiation between regions. Partitioning of diversity into its within- and among-regional, site and individual components, showed that the majority of diversity (52% for seed shape and 91% for allozymes) is stored within sites. Seventy-three percent of the variation in allozymes is due to variation within individuals (i.e. heterozygosity) whereas phenotypic variation in seed shape within individuals is low (0.4% of the total diversity). The events that led to the large scale disjunction of the Late Glacial distribution of G. fastigiata may have shaped the pattern of differentiation observed among the regional isolates of the species. However, the species' history of local population disjunction during post-glacial and historic times has not had a substantial impact on the spatial organization of allozyme and morphometric diversity within regions. Extensive local gene flow may have allowed the regional metapopulations to have functioned as extended effective populations–on a time scale of tens or hundreds of years–and may have hindered the loss of within-site diversity.     

Genetic structure of two Thalassia testudinum populations from the south Texas Gulf coast

The south Texas Gulf coast is a unique ecosystem that contains a number of different bay systems. We used random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to assess genetic diversity, differentiation and genetic distance between populations from two different bays that differed significantly in terms of flowering rate and disturbance. We found that while each bay contained a number of unique RAPD profiles, the average genetic diversity in each population was low. Genetic distance between the two populations was also low (F_st = 0.084) and the majority (92%) of the genetic variation was attributed to differences between individuals within populations. The population from the Laguna Madre location, however, was polymorphic for a larger number of markers, had a higher average genetic diversity and a larger number of unique RAPD profiles. The higher level of flowering at this location most likely accounts for the higher diversity.     

Genetic structure of insular Mediterranean populations of the house mouse

The genetic structure of six western Mediterranean island populations of Mus musculus domesticus were investigated by means of an electrophoretic analysis at 34 loci and compared to that of five neighbouring mainland populations. No reduction in variability (H = 0.09 for both island and mainland samples) was observed in the island populations except for a very small island (6 ha), in which one-third of the variability was lost. Patterns of colonization inferred from a Wagner cluster analysis and the distribution of rare variants suggest that, although these island populations are clearly related to European mainland mice, their genetic structure is the result of multiple founding events from sources dispersed throughout the Mediterranean Basin. Furthermore, the presence of the same rare alleles in Sardinia, Corsica and Piana, suggest that the three islands share a common history of colonization.
Estimates of genetic distance and gene flow indicate that the level of genie differentiation is greater between island and mainland populations that between the latter due to geographic isolation. Multiple founder events and post-colonization evolution are the factors that best explain the observed levels of genie variability and differentiation in these Mediterranean islands.     

Genetic structure and differentiation of Psathyrostachys huashanica populations detected with RAPD markers

Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng is a perennial grass and belongs to genus Psathyrostachys under Triticeae.sathyrostachys is found in the center of Middle Asia and the Caucasus Mountain,while P.huashanica,a species endemic to China,is only located in Mt.Hua in the Shaanxi province,China.At present,the population of this species is decreasing,and reaching the edge of extinction.Due to the limitation in distribution and the importance as breeding material for germplasm storage,it has been considered as first class among the national protected rare plants.For this reason,the present study is significant in probing plant flora,origin and evolution of Triticeae,and crop breeding.Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)markers were used to analyze the genetic structure and differentiation of P.huashanica populations sampled in three valleys (Huangpu,Xian,and Huashan Valleys)in Mr.Hua.One hundred and twenty-two RAPDfragments were obtained in all 266 individuals with 20 primers with a mean of 6.1 (2-10)fragments per primer.The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB)was 60.66%in Huangpu Valley,90.98%in Xian Valley,95.08%in Huashan Valley,and the total PPB was 95.08%,which indicated a highly genetic variability of P.huashanica.The Shannon's Information index and GST were 0.3306 and 0.3263,respectively,indicating that there were more genetic variations within the subpopulations than those among the subpopulations.The gene flow among the subpopulations of P.huashanica (Nm=1.0322)was much less than that of the common anemophytes (Nm=5.24).Mean genetic distance is 0.1571(range:0.0022-0.2901).The highest value of genetic distance was found between the subpopulation (hp1)of Huangpu Valley and the highest altitude subpopulation (h8)of Huashan Valley.Correlation analysis detected significant correlation between genetic distance and vertical distance of altitude.Clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed the genetic differentiation among the populations of P.huashanica.Differentiation mainly occurred between the higher altitude subpopulations and the lower altitude subpopulations,suggesting that altitude might be the major factor that restricted the gene flow between different altitude subpopulations and resulted in differentiation of subpopulations.     

Genetic diversity of Ranunculus acris L. (Ranunculaceae) populations in relation to species diversity and habitat type in grassland communities

Correlates between genetic diversity at intra- and interpopulation levels and the species diversity in plant communities are rarely investigated. Such correlates may give insights into the effect of local selective forces across different communities on the genetic diversity of local plant populations. This study has employed amplified fragment length polymorphism to assess the genetic diversity within and between 10 populations of Ranunculus acris in relation to the species diversity (richness and evenness) of grassland communities of two different habitat types, 'seminatural' and 'agriculturally improved', located in central Germany. Within-population genetic diversity estimated by Nei's unbiased gene diversity (HE) was high (0.258-0.334), and was not correlated with species richness (Pearson's r = -0.17; P = 0.64) or species evenness (Pearson's r = 0.15; P = 0.68) of the plant communities. However, the genetic differentiation between R. acris populations was significantly correlated with the difference in species evenness (Mantel's r = 0.62, P = 0.02), but not with difference in species richness of plant communities (r = -0.17, P = 0.22). Moreover, we also found that populations of R. acris from the 'seminatural' habitat were genetically different (amova, P < 0.05) from those in 'agriculturally improved' habitats, suggesting that gene flow between these habitat types is limited. The results reported in this study may indicate that habitat characteristics influence the genetic diversity of plant species.     

金钱槭属植物的遗传多样性与保护策略

金钱槭属包括2个种:金钱槭(Dipteronia sinensis Oliv.)和云南金钱槭(Dipteronia dyeriana Henry),均为珍稀濒危植物,主要分布于中国的中部和南部。该研究应用18种随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)引物、8对扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)引物和10种多态性叶绿体微卫星基因(cpSSR)引物,获得金钱槭和云南金钱槭的遗传多样性与种群结构的相关信息。结果表明,在物种水平上,由RAPD(金钱槭:H=0.386 4,Hsh=0.556 3;云南金钱槭:H=0.304 7,Hsh=0.445 0)和AFLP(金钱槭:H=0.331 9,Hsh=0.488 0;云南金钱槭:H=0.304 7,Hsh=0.4450)2个核标记的遗传多样性具有可比性,而cpSSR标记(金钱槭He=0.603 2,云南金钱槭He=0.671 1)的遗传多样性高于AFLP和RAPD标记的遗传多样性,遗传分化系数(GST)也显示出相似的结果,由此揭示2个种均拥有相对较高的遗传多样性和遗传分化。研究认为,人类活动破坏植物栖息地是造成2种物种处于濒危状态的主要原因;从长远来看,保护2种金钱槭属植物的主要策略是保护植物栖息地,同时应加强扩大种群规模以维持现有遗传变异水平。     

我国锈色棕榈象遗传多样性及遗传结构分析

【目的】外来入侵种锈色棕榈象是全国林业检疫性有害生物。本研究旨在探讨锈色棕榈象在我国的种群遗传结构和分化规律,旨在为今后锈色棕榈象传播蔓延控制提供一定依据。【方法】基于微卫星技术测定12个锈色棕榈象中国地理种群在9个微卫星位点上的序列,使用PopGen32、BOTTLENECK、STRUCTURE等软件对锈色棕榈象种群间的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行分析。【结果】12个地理种群中,有9个种群具有较高的遗传多样性(Nei''s平均值>0.5);瓶颈效应的检测结果显示,除云南蒙自的锈色棕榈象种群在近期遭遇了瓶颈效应以外,其他种群近期均未经历瓶颈效应;广西和江西的锈色棕榈象种群在大多数位点符合哈迪温伯格平衡,其他种群在9个微卫星位点中基本都偏离该平衡;12个地理种群在9个SSR位点的F_st值大部分都小于0.18,平均值为0.1769,基因流N_em为0.4332~2.1130;Structure和主坐标分析法(PcoA)将12个地理种群划分为3支。【结论】锈色棕榈象种群间主要的遗传变异发生在种群内部,种群间遗传变异的变化并不明显,大部分种群间存在频繁的基因交流;新入侵地江西新余和四川崇州的地理种群可能由福建传入。中国锈色棕榈象种群可能存在多个入侵源和入侵路径。     

基于COI和ND5序列的中国南部唇鱼骨和间鱼骨群体遗传结构

唇鱼骨和间鱼骨均为分布较广的初级淡水鱼类,是理想的亲缘地理研究材料;且两者形态特征较为相似,不易鉴别,故两者的分布记述和物种有效性存在争议.为了解我国南部唇鱼骨和间鱼骨的群体遗传结构并探讨两者的物种有效性,本研究对8条水系的唇鱼骨和9条水系的间鱼骨共130尾个体的COI和ND5基因序列片段进行了测定,并对这两个基因的组合序列(2151 bp)进行了分析.结果表明: 在130尾个体的COI和ND5基因组合序列中,共有196个核苷酸变异位点,共检测出50个单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.964,核苷酸多样性为0.019,遗传多样性较高.基于COI和ND5基因组合序列构建的 NJ 树显示,所有种群可分为两支,支系Ⅰ包含了韩江和九龙江的全部单倍型以及瓯江的部分单倍型,余下的单倍型组成了支系Ⅱ.两支系间的遗传距离为0.036,而唇鱼骨与间鱼骨之间的遗传距离为0.027.单倍型网络图表明,韩江、九龙江种群和其他水系种群分化较大;漠阳江种群由海南岛种群扩散而来;海南岛各种群及漠阳江种群的单倍型分支与珠江水系单倍型的分支之间的亲缘关系较近,与长江水系单倍型分支之间的亲缘关系则较远;湘江、桂江和柳江之间的亲缘关系较近.AMOVA分析结果显示,地理区之间的变异约占71.2%,地理区内种群间变异约占16.6%,种群内的变异占12.2%,表明其遗传分化主要来自地理区之间.错配分析及中性检验结果显示,全部种群、唇鱼骨种群、间鱼骨种群、支系Ⅰ和支系Ⅱ在历史上均没有发生过明显的扩张.