Synthesis of a hexasaccharide,the repeating unit of O-deacetylated GXM of C. neoformans serotype A

beta-D-GlcpA-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Xylp-(1-->2)]-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)[-beta-D-Xylp-(1-->2)]-alpha-D-Manp, the repeating unit of the exopolysaccharide from Cryptococcus neoformans serovar A, was synthesized as its allyl glycoside. Thus, 3-O-selective acetylation of allyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-mannopyranoside afforded 2, and subsequent glycosylation of 2 with 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-D-xylopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate furnished the beta-(1-->2)-linked disaccharide 4. Debenzylidenation followed by benzoylation gave allyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3-O-acetyl-4,6-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (5), and selective 3-O-deacetylation gave the disaccharide acceptor 6. Coupling of 6 with 2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate yielded the trisaccharide 8, and subsequent deallylation and trichloroacetimidation gave 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-4,6-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (9). Condensation of the trisaccharide donor 9 with the disaccharide acceptor 6 gave the pentasaccharide 10 whose 2-O-deacetylation gave the acceptor 11. Glycosylation of 11 with methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronate trichloroacetimidate and subsequent deprotection gave the target hexasaccharide.     

Synthesis of a hexasaccharide fragment of the O-deacetylated GXM of C. neoformans serotype B

beta-D-Xylp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Xylp-(1-->2)]-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Xylp-(1-->2)]-alpha-D-Manp, the fragment of the exopolysaccharide from Cryptococcus neoformans serovar B, was synthesized as its methyl glycoside. Thus, acetylation of allyl 3-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (1) followed by debenzylidenation and selective 6-O-benzoylation afforded allyl 2-O-acetyl-3,6-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (4). Glycosylation of 4 with 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-D-xylopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (5) furnished the beta-(1-->4)-linked disaccharide 6. Deallylation followed by trichloroacetimidate formation gave the disaccharide donor 8, and subsequent coupling with allyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-4,6-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (9), produced the tetrasaccharide 10. Reiteration of deallylation and trichloroacetimidate formation from 10 yielded the tetrasaccharide donor 12. The downstream disaccharide acceptor 18 was obtained by condensation of 5 with methyl 3-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, followed by debenzylidenation, benzoylation, and selective 3-O-deacetylation. Coupling of 18 with 12 afforded the hexasaccharide 19, and subsequent deprotection gave the hexasaccharide glycoside 20. Selective 2"-O-deacetylation of 19 gave the hexasaccharide acceptor 21. Condensation of 21 with glucopyranosyluronate imidate 22 did not produce the expected heptasaccharide glycoside; instead, a transacetylation product 19 was obtained. Meanwhile, there was no reaction between 21 and the bromide donor 23.     

Facile synthesis of the heptasaccharide repeating unit of O-deacetylated GXM of C. neoformans serotype B

A heptasaccharide, beta-D-Xylp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Xylp-(1-->2)]-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-GlcpA-(1-->2)][beta-D-Xylp-(1-->4)]-alpha-D-Manp, the repeating unit of the exopolysaccharide from Cryptococcus neoformans serovar B, was synthesized as its methyl glycoside. Thus 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-d-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (7) and allyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-4,6-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (8), readily obtained from the corresponding monosaccharide derivatives via simple transformation, were coupled to give a (1-->3)-linked tetrasaccharide 9. Deallylation of 9 followed by trichloroacetimidate formation produced the tetrasaccharide donor 11. Condensation of methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-2-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (18) with 11 followed by selective deacetylation yielded hexasaccharide acceptor 20. Coupling of 20 with methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronate bromide (21) and subsequent deprotection furnished the target heptaoside. A hexasaccharide fragment, alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Xylp-(1-->2)]-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-GlcpA-(1-->2)][beta-D-Xylp-(1-->4)]-alpha-D-Manp, was also similarly synthesized as its methyl glycoside.     

Syntheses of beta-(1-->6)-branched beta-(1-->3)-linked d-galactans that exist in the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea DC

Effective syntheses of galactose hepta-, octa-, nona-, and decasaccharides that exist in the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea DC were achieved with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (1), 4-methoxyphenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (2), 6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (5), 4-methoxyphenyl 6-O-acetyl-2,4-di-O-benzoyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (22), and 4-methoxyphenyl 2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (26) as the key synthons. Coupling of 2 with 1, followed by oxidative cleavage of 1-OMP and subsequent trichloroacetimidate formation gave the beta-(1-->6)-linked disaccharide donor 4. Condensation of 2 with 5 and subsequent selective deacetylation by methanolysis produced the beta-(1-->6)-linked disaccharide acceptor 7. Reaction of 7 with 4, oxidative cleavage of 1-OMP, and trichloroacetimidate formation produced the tetrasaccharide donor 9. The penta- (15), the hexa- (17), and the heptasaccharide donor 19 were synthesized similarly. Meanwhile, treatment of 1 with 22 yielded beta-(1-->3)-linked disaccharide 23 and alpha-(1-->3)-linked disaccharide 25. Oxidative cleavage of 1-OMp of 23 followed by trichloroacetimidate formation produced the disaccharide donor 24. Coupling of 26 with 24, again, gave beta-linked 27 and alpha-linked 29. Selective 6-O-deacetylation of 27 afforded the trisaccharide acceptor 28. TMSOTf-promoted condensation 28 of with the tetra- (9), penta- (15), hexa-(17), and heptasaccharide donor 19, followed by deprotection, gave the target compounds.     

Synthesis of an alpha-linked dimer of the trisaccharide repeating unit of the exopolysaccharide produced by Pediococcus damnosus 2.6

A hexasaccharide, beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1-->2)]-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1-->2)]-D-Glcp, the alpha-linked dimer of the trisaccharide repeating unit of the exopolysaccharide produced by Pediococcus damnosus 2.6, was synthesized as its methyl glycoside. Condensation of fully benzoylated alpha-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (1) with isopropyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) selectively furnished (1-->3)-linked disaccharide 3, and subsequent 2-O-acetylation, desulfation, and trichloroacetimidate formation afforded the disaccharide donor 6. Meanwhile, selective 3-O-coupling of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-d-glucopyranoside (8) with 3-O-allyl-2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (7), followed by coupling with 1 gave the trisaccharide 10. Removal of the benzylidene group of 10, benzoylation, and deallylation produced the trisaccharide acceptor 12. Condensation of 12 with 6 yielded a pentasaccharide mixture 13 with beta and alpha isomers in a ratio of 2:1. Removal of the benzylidene group of 13, followed by benzoylation gave the pentasaccharide mixture 14. Selective 2'-deacetylation of the isolated beta-linked 14beta with MeCOCl/MeOH/CH2Cl2 did not give the expected pentasaccharide acceptor, and serious decomposition occurred, indicating a large steric hindrance at C-2'. Alternatively, 2,3-di-O-glycosylation of allyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside (21) with 1 gave 22, then deallylation and trichloroacetimidate formation afforded the trisaccharide donor 24. Condensation of 12 with 24 furnished only the alpha-linked hexasaccharide 25, and its deprotection gave the free hexaoside 27.     

Synthesis of (R)-2,3-epoxypropyl(1-->3)-beta-D-pentaglucoside

The title pentasaccharide was synthesized via a 2+3 strategy. The disaccharide donor, 3-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (8), was obtained by selective coupling of allyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside with 3-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (4), followed by deallylation, and trichloroacetimidation. Meanwhile, the trisaccharide acceptor, allyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside (12), was prepared by coupling of allyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside with 4, followed by deacetylation. Condensation of 8 with 12, followed by epoxidation, and deprotection, gave the target pentaoside.     

Synthesis of an xylosylated rhamnose pentasaccharide, the repeating unit of the O-chain polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide of Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae GSPB 525

A xylosylated rhamnose pentasaccharide, alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-[beta-L-Xylp-(1-->2)-]-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-[beta-L-Xylp-(1-->4)]-L-Rhap, the repeating unit of the O-chain polysaccharide (OPS) of the lipopolysaccharides of Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae GSPB 525 was synthesized by a highly regio- and stereoselective way. Thus coupling of 1,2-O-ethylidene-beta-L-rhamnopyranose (1) with 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (2) to give (1-->3)-linked disaccharide (3), subsequent benzoylation, deethylidenation, acetylation, 1-O-deacetylation, and trichloroacetimidation afforded the disaccharide donor 11. Condensation of 11 with 1 yielded 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-O-acetyl-4-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-1,2-O-ethylidene-beta-L-rhamnopyranose (12), and selective deacetylation of 12 yielded the trisaccharide diol acceptor 15. Coupling of 15 with 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-xylopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (16), followed by deprotection, gave the target pentasaccharide 19.     

A concise synthesis of two isomeric pentasaccharides, the O repeat units from the lipopolysaccharides of P. syringae pv. porri NCPPB 3364T and NCPPB 3365

A concise synthesis of two isomeric pentasaccharides, alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-[beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-Rhap (A) and alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-[beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Rhap (B), the O repeats from the lipopolysaccharides of Pseudonomonas syringae pv. porri NCPPB 3364T and 3365 was achieved via assembly of the building blocks, allyl 3,4-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (2), allyl 4-O-benzoyl-3-O-chloroacetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-beta-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (7), and allyl 2,4-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (10). Coupling of 1 with 2 followed by deallylation and trichloroacetimidate formation gave the disaccharide donor 5, while condensation of 6 with 7, followed by dechloroacetylation, offered the disaccharide acceptor 9. Then, 5 was coupled with 10 to obtain the trisaccharide 11, and subsequent deallylation and trichloroacetimidate formation furnished the trisaccharide donor 13. Coupling of 9 with 13, followed by deprotection, afforded pentasaccharide 19, while condensation of 9 with 5, followed by deallylation and trichloroacetimidate formation, gave the tetrasaccharide donor 16, whose coupling with 10 and subsequent deprotection yielded another pentasaccharide 22.     

Synthesis of alpha-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-Manp-(1-->3)-alpha-Manp-(1-->3)-Manp, the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of Escherichia coli O9a, and alpha-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-Manp-(1-->3)-alpha-Manp-(1-->3)-Manp, the pentasaccharide repeating unit of E. coli O9 and Klebsiella O3

The tetrasaccharide repeating unit of Escherichia coli O9a, alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-D-Manp, and the pentasaccharide repeating unit of E. coli O9 and Klebsiella O3, alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-D-Manp, were synthesized as their methyl glycosides. Thus, selective 3-O-allylation of p-methoxyphenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside via a dibutyltin intermediate gave p-methoxyphenyl 3-O-allyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (2) in good yield. Benzoylation (-->3), then removal of 1-O-methoxyphenyl (right arrow4), and subsequent trichloroacetimidation afforded the 3-O-allyl-2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (5). Condensation of 5 with methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (6) selectively afforded the (1-->3)-linked disaccharide 7. Benzoylation of 7, debenzylidenation, benzoylation, and deallylation gave methyl 2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (11) as the disaccharide acceptor. Coupling of 11 with (1-->2)-linked mannose disaccharide donor 17 or trisaccharide donor 21, followed by deacylation, furnished the target tetrasaccharide and pentasaccharide, respectively.     

A facile regio- and stereoselective synthesis of mannose octasaccharide of the N-glycan in human CD2 and mannose hexasaccharide antigenic factor 13b

A highly concise and effective synthesis of the mannose octasaccharide of the N-linked glycan in the adhesion domain of human CD2 was achieved via TMSOTf-promoted selective 6-glycosylation of a trisaccharide 4,6-diol acceptor with a pentasaccharide donor, followed by deprotection. The pentasaccharide was constructed by selective 3,6-diglycosylation of 1,2-O-ethylidene-beta-D-mannopyranose with 2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate, while the trisaccharide was obtained by selective 3-O-glycosylation of allyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-mannopyranoside with the same disaccharide trichloroacetimidate, followed by debenzylidenation. The mannose hexasaccharide antigenic factor 13b was synthesized by condensation of a trisaccharide donor, 2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->3)-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate, with a trisaccharide acceptor, methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, followed by deprotection.     

Synthesis of a mannose heptasaccharide existing in baker's yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-1A wild-type strain

A mannose heptasaccharide existing in baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-1A wild-type strain, was effectively synthesized as its allyl glycoside via TMSOTf-promoted condensation of a disaccharide donor 13 with a pentasaccharide acceptor 12, followed by deprotection. The pentasaccharide 12 was constructed by coupling of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (9) with allyl 6-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (10), followed by deacetylation. The tetrasaccharide 9 was obtained by coupling of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (5) with allyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (6), followed by deallylation and trichloroacetimidation. The disaccharides 6 and 13 were readily obtained by known methods.     

A practical synthesis of alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->3)]-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp, an O-specific heterohexasaccharide fragment of Citrobacter braakii O7a, 3b, 1c

An O-specific heterohexasaccharide fragment of Citrobacter braakii O7a, 3b, 1c, alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->3)]-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp was synthesized as its methyl glycoside. Acetylation of allyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, followed by debenzylidenization and benzoylation gave allyl 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4,6-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (3), and subsequent deacetylation of 3 with CH(3)COCl-MeOH gave the monosaccharide acceptor 4. Condensation of isopropyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6) with 4 selectively afforded the alpha-(1-->3)-linked disaccharide 7. Condensation of 7 with the (1-->3)-linked disaccharide donor 9, followed by deallylation and trichloroacetimidation, afforded the tetrasaccharide donor 12. Coupling of 12 with disaccharide acceptor 13, followed by debenzylation and deacylation, furnished the target heterohexasaccharide 16.     

An efficient and concise synthesis of a beta-(1-->6)-linked D-galactofuranosyl hexasaccharide

A beta-(1-->6)-linked D-galactofuranosyl hexasaccharide was synthesized efficiently in a block construction manner by the well-known Schmidt glycosylation method using 6-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-galactofuranosyl trichloroacetimidate (1) and allyl 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-galactofuranoside (3) as the key synthons. Coupling of 3 with 1 gave beta-(1-->6)-linked disaccharide 4. Subsequent selective deacetylation of 4 afforded the disaccharide acceptor 5, while deallylation of 4 followed by trichloroacetimidate formation produced the disaccharide donor 6. Condensation of 5 with 6 gave the tetrasaccharide 7, and subsequent deacetylation afforded the tetrasaccharide acceptor 8. Finally, coupling of 8 with 6 followed by deacylation yielded the target beta-(1-->6)-linked galactofuranose hexasaccharide 10. All of the reactions in the synthesis were carried out smoothly and in high yield.     

Synthesis of a mannose heptasaccharide of the pathogenic yeast,Candida glabrata IFO 0622 strain

An effective synthesis of the mannose heptasaccharide existing in the pathogenic yeast, Candida glabrata IFO 0622 strain was achieved via TMSOTf-promoted condensation of a tetrasaccharide donor 13 with a trisaccharide acceptor 16, followed by deprotection. The tetrasaccharide 13 was constructed by coupling of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (7) with allyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (10), followed by deallylation and trichloroacetimadation. The trisaccharide 16 was obtained by coupling of 6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate with 10, and subsequent 6-O-deacetylation. The disaccharide 7 was prepared through coupling of perbenzoylated mannosyl trichloroacetimidate with 4,6-O-benzylidene-1,2-O-ethylidene-beta-D-mannopyranose, then simultaneous debenzylidenation and deethylidenation, and subsequent acetylation, selective 1-O-deacetylation, and trichloroacetimidation. The disaccharide 10 was obtained by self-condensation of 3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-1,2-O-allyloxyethylidene-beta-D-mannopyranose, followed by selective 2-O-deacetylation.     

An effective synthesis of an arabinogalactan with a beta-(1-->6)-linked galactopyranose backbone and alpha-(1-->2) arabinofuranose side chains

An octasaccharide, beta-D-Galp-(1-->6)-[alpha-L-Araf-(1-->2)]-beta-D-Galp-(1-->6)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->6)-[alpha-L-Araf-(1-->5)-alpha-L-Araf-(1-->2)]-beta-D-Galp-(1-->6)-beta-D-Galp-1-->OMP was synthesized. 4-methoxyphenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (5), 2,6-di-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (9), and 4-methoxyphenyl 2-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-benzoyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (11), 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (12), and 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl trichloroacetimidate (17) were used as the synthons. A concise route was used to gain the tetrasaccharide donor 19 by the use of 11, 12, 5, and 17. Meanwhile, treatment of 5 with 9 yielded beta-(1-->6)-linked disaccharide 20, and subsequent selective 6-O-deacetylation produced the disaccharide acceptor 21. Reaction of 21 with 19 gave 22, and subsequent selective 2-O-deacetylation afforded the hexasaccharide acceptor 23. Condensation of 23 with alpha-L-(1-->5)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide 24, followed by deprotection, yielded the target octasaccharide.     

Synthesis of two oligosaccharides, the GPI anchor glycans from S. cerevesiae and A. fumigatus

Two oligosaccharides, alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->6)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc (I) and alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->6)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc (II), the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor glycans from S. cerevesiae and A. fumigatus were synthesized as their methyl glycosides in a regio- and stereoselective manner. The pentasaccharide I was obtained from 6-O-selective glycosylation of methyl 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->4)-2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (8) with 2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (9), followed by benzoylation, deacetylation, and mannosylation, and then by deprotection. The hexasaccharide (II) was obtained via condensation of allyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (17) with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (16), followed by deallylation, trichloroacetimidation, and coupling with acceptor (8), and finally by deprotection.     

Synthesis of mannose-containing analogues of (1-->6)-branched (1-->3)-glucohexaose

Coupling of the trisaccharide acceptor 2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-5-O-acetyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose (2) with the trisaccharide donor 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-annopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-2,4-di-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (1) gave an alpha-linked hexasaccharide 3, while coupling of 2 with the trisaccharide donor 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-2,4-di-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (7) produced alpha- 8 and beta-linked 12 hexasaccharides in a ratio of 3:2. Deprotection of 3, 8, and 12 afforded the analogues of the immunomodulator beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1-->6)]-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1-->6)]-D-Glcp (A).     

Synthesis of beta-D-glucose oligosaccharides from Phytophthora parasitica

The glucohexaose, beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->6)]-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-D-Glcp, was synthesized as its allyl glycoside via 3+3 strategy. The trisaccharide donor, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (11), was obtained by 3-selective coupling of isopropyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (6), followed by hydrolysis, acetylation, dethiolation, and trichloroacetimidation. Meanwhile, the trisaccharide acceptor, allyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (14), was prepared by coupling of allyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (12) with 6, followed by debenzylidenation. Condensation of 14 with 11, followed by deacylation, gave the target hexaoside. A beta-(1-->3)-linked tetrasaccharide 29 was also synthesized with methyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (25) as the acceptor and acylated beta-(1-->3)-linked disaccharide 21 as the donor.     

Synthesis of beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1-->6)]-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->6)-[beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)]-beta-D-GlcpOLauryl, an oligosaccharide with anti-tumor activity

A concise and effective synthesis of lauryl heptasaccharide 17 was achieved from the key intermediates lauryl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2,4-di-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10) and isopropyl 2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-O-allyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-2,4-di-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside (15). The key trisaccharide glycosyl acceptor 10 was constructed by coupling 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (3) with lauryl 6-O-acetyl-2,4-di-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), followed by deacetylation. The thioglycoside donor 15 was obtained by condensation of 2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-O-allyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-2,4-di-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (11) with isopropyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside (12), followed by debenzylidenation and acetylation. A bioassay of the inhibition of S180 noumenal tumors showed that lauryl heptasaccharide 17 could be employed as a potential agent for cancer treatment.     

Synthesis of an L-rhamnose tetrasaccharide, the common and major structure of the repeating unit of the O-antigenic polysaccharide of a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas holci.

A tetrasaccharide, alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->2)-L-Rhap, the common and major structure of the repeating unit of the O-antigenic polysaccharide of a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas holci was synthesized as its methyl and octyl glycosides. Selective 3-O-glycosylation of allyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside with 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate gave allyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (3). Benzoylation, deallylation, and trichloroacetimidation afforded 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2,4-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (6). Self condensation of 3,4-di-O-benzoyl-beta-L-rhamnopyranose 1,2-methyl orthoester or 1,2-octyl orthoester gave methyl or octyl 2-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (16 or 17), and subsequent selective deacetylation gave the disaccharide acceptor (18 or 19). Coupling of 6 with 18 (or 19), followed by deacylation in ammonia-saturated methanol, produced the target tetrasacharide.