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1.
The influence of abscisic acid (ABA) on plastidial and cytosolic terpenoids and on two key enzymes for terpenoid biosynthesis
was determined in vegetative stage of Cannabis sativa L. Low concentration of ABA (1 μM) increased 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) activity in treated plants in
comparison to control plants. The amounts of chlorophyll a and carotenoids increased in response to ABA treatment but chlorophyll b content declined. The accumulation of α-tocopherol was stimulated only by 10 μM ABA. The ABA-treated plants showed a decline
in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) activity which was followed by a decrease in squalene and phytosterol
content. ABA also decreased tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) contents. The essential oil had higher ratios
of monoterpenes to sesquiterpenes as ABA-treated plants had less numbers of sesquiterpenes in comparison with control plants.
Influence of ABA on the amounts of sesquiterpenes was different, some of them showed decrease of content and others increase
of content. 相似文献
2.
Mauji Ram M. A. Khan Prabhakar Jha Salim Khan Usha Kiran M. M. Ahmad Saleem Javed M. Z. Abdin 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2010,32(5):859-866
In vivo modulation of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) activity and its impact on artemisinin biosynthesis as well as accumulation
were studied through exogenous supply of labeled HMG-CoA (substrate), labeled MVA (the product), and mevinolin (the competitive
inhibitor) using twigs of Artemisia annua L. plants collected at the pre-flowering stage. By increasing the concentration (2–16 μM) of HMG-CoA (3-14C), incorporation of labeled carbon into artemisinin was enhanced from 7.5 to 17.3 nmol (up to 130%). The incorporation of
label (14C) into MVA and artemisinin was inhibited up to 87.5 and 82.9%, respectively, in the presence of 200 μM mevinolin in incubation
medium containing 12 μM HMG-CoA (3-14C). Interestingly, by increasing the concentration of MVA (2-14C) from 2 to 18 μM, incorporation of label (14C) into artemisinin was enhanced from 10.5 to 35 nmol (up to 233%). When HMG-CoA (3-14C) concentration was increased from 12 to 28 μM in the presence of 150 μM mevinolin, the inhibitions in the incorporation
of label (14C) into MVA and artemisinin were, however, reversed and the labels were found to approach their values in twigs fed with 12 μM
HMG-CoA (3-14C) without mevinolin. In another experiment, 14.2% inhibition in artemisinin accumulation was observed in twigs in the presence
of 175 μM fosmidomycin, the competitive inhibitor of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductase (DXR). HMG-CoA reductase activity and artemisinin accumulation were also increased by 18.6
to 24.5% and 30.7 to 38.4%, respectively, after 12 h of treatment, when growth hormones IAA (100 ppm), GA3 (100 ppm) and IAA + GA3 (50 + 50 ppm) were sprayed on A. annua plants at the pre-flowering stage. The results obtained in this study, hence, demonstrate that the mevalonate pathway is
the major contributor of carbon supply to artemisinin biosynthesis and HMGR limits artemisinin synthesis and its accumulation
in A. annua plants. 相似文献
3.
This work examined the effects of exogenously applied abscisic acid (ABA) on the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, α-tocopherol,
squalene, phytosterols, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) activity in Cannabis sativa L. at flowering stage. Treatment with 1 and 10 mg l−1 ABA significantly decreased the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, squalene, stigmasterol, sitosterol, and HMGR activity
in female cannabis plants. ABA caused an increase in α-tocopherol content and DXS activity in leaves and THC concentration
in leaves and flowers of female plants. Chlorophyll content decreased with 10 mg l−1 ABA in male plants. Treatment with 1 and 10 mg l−1 ABA showed a decrease in HMGR activity, squalene, stigmasterol, and sitosterol contents in leaves but an increase in THC
content of leaves and flowers in male plants. The results suggest that ABA can induce biosynthesis of 2-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway secondary metabolites accumulation (α-tocopherol and THC) and down regulated biosynthesis
of terpenoid primary metabolites from MEP and mevalonate (MVA) pathways (chlorophyll, carotenoids, and phytosterols) in Cannabis sativa. 相似文献
4.
In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) shoots was successful from cotyledonary node explants excised from 8-wk-old in vitro grown seedlings. Initially, four shoots per explant were obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.4 μM
6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.45 μM thidiazuron (TDZ), and 500 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate (CH) with a regeneration frequency of 64.7% after 3 wk. Subculturing explants (after harvesting shoots)
to fresh treatment medium significantly increased shoot bud regeneration (16.6 buds per explant), but the buds failed to develop
into shoots. A higher percentage (73.3%) of the explants regenerated four shoots per explant on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented
with 4.4 μM BA, 0.29 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), and 500 mg l−1 CH after 3 wk. Explants subcultured to fresh treatment medium after harvesting shoots significantly increased shoot regeneration
(16 shoots per explant). Shoot elongation was achieved (4 cm) when shoots were excised and cultured on WPM supplemented with
0.44 μM BA and 0.29 μM GA3. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted on WPM supplemented with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric acid. A higher percentage regeneration response
and shoot numbers per explant were recorded on WPM supplemented with BA and GA3, than on MS medium containing BA and TDZ. Lower concentrations of BA and GA3 were required for shoot elongation and prevention of shoot tip necrosis. Each cotyledonary node yielded approximately 20
shoots within 12 wk. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized. 相似文献
5.
Effect of Gibberellin on Growth, Protein Secretion, and Starch Accumulation in Maize Endosperm Suspension Cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The physiologic effect of gibberellins (GA) in seed development is poorly understood. We examined the effect of gibberellic
acid (GA3) on growth, protein secretion, and starch accumulation in cultured maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm suspension cells. GA3 (5 and 30 μm) increased the fresh weight, dry weight, and protein content of the cultured cells, but the effect of GA3 at 50 μm was not significantly different. However, the protein content in the culture medium was increased by these three concentrations
of GA3. The effect of GA3 on the amount of cellular structural polysaccharides was not significant, but GA3 had a dramatic effect on the starch content. At 5 μm, GA3 caused an increase in the starch content, but at 50 μm the starch accumulation was reduced. Chlorocholine chloride (CCC), an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, significantly increased
the starch content and decreased the structural polysaccharide content of the cultured cells. The effects of CCC at 500 μm on the starch and polysaccharide content were partially reversed by 5 μm GA3 applied exogenously. Based on these results we suggest that GA does not favor starch accumulation in the cell cultures and
that the addition of lower concentrations of GA3 in the medium may provide an improved balance among the endogenous GA in the cultured cells.
Received October 31, 1995; accepted March 25, 1997 相似文献
6.
Rangan Parimalan Akshatha Venugopalan Parvatam Giridhar G. A. Ravishankar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,105(3):317-328
Establishment, maintenance, regeneration, and transformation of somatic embryos by both direct and indirect means (callus-mediated)
was achieved for Bixa orellana, a tropical plant whose seeds produce commercially edible ‘annatto pigment,’ which mainly constitutes an apocarotenoid called
bixin. Callus-mediated methodology was found to be efficient in producing a greater number of embryos in a short time. The
maximum of 28 somatic embryos were produced in 16–18 weeks when immature zygotic embryonic stalks were inoculated onto Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium containing B5 vitamins supplemented with 0.44 μM benzyladenine (BA), 0.054 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid
(NAA), 2.89 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), 0.02 μM triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), and 0.011 μM triacontanol (TRIA). Callus initiation from hypocotyl explants was obtained
on MS medium supplemented with 1.07–2.14 μM NAA and 10.2 μM BA. In 3 months, somatic embryos were produced when callus was
inoculated onto MS medium supplemented with 4.44 μM BA, 40 μM AgNO3, and 0.011 μM TRIA. Somatic embryos were efficiently regenerated on MS basal solid and liquid media supplemented with 0.44–4.4 μM
BA, 0.54–2.69 μM NAA, 4.92 μM 2iP, 2.1 μM calcium d-pantothenate, 0.21 μM biotin, 227.7 μM cysteine HCl monohydrate, and 108.6 μM adenine sulfate. Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV 3101 harboring pCAMBIA 1305.2 binary vector-mediated stable transformation of somatic embryos exhibited a transformation
frequency of 2.56%. As somatic embryogenesis in any perennial system is useful in terms of both commercial and scientific
nature, this somatic embryo-based transformation protocol for the commercially important dye-yielding tropical plant B. orellana is useful for its improvement through genetic engineering. 相似文献
7.
Muthu Thiruvengadam K. T. Rekha Chang-Hsien Yang Narayanasamypillai Jayabalan Ill-Min Chung 《Plant biotechnology reports》2010,4(4):321-328
An efficient protocol for in vitro organogenesis was achieved from callus-derived immature and mature leaf explants of Momordica charantia, a very important vegetable and medicinal plant. Calluses were induced from immature leaf explants excised from in vitro
(15-day-old seedlings) mature leaf explants of vivo plants (45 days old). The explants were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS)
medium with Gamborg (B5) vitamins containing 30 g l−1 sucrose, 2.2 g l−1 Gelrite, and 7.7 μM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with 2.2 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Regeneration of adventitious shoots from
callus (30–40 shoots per explant) was achieved on MS medium containing 5.5 μM TDZ, 2.2 μM NAA, and 3.3 μM silver nitrate (AgNO3). The shoots (1.0 cm length) were excised from callus and elongated in MS medium fortified with 3.5 μM gibberellic acid (GA3). The elongated shoots were rooted in MS medium supplemented with 4.0 μM indole 3-butyric acid (IBA). Rooted plants were
acclimatized in the greenhouse and subsequently established in soil with a survival rate of 90%. This protocol yielded an
average of 40 plants per leaf explant with a culture period of 98 days. 相似文献
8.
V. Menéndez Y. Abul B. Bohanec F. Lafont H. Fernández 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(6):2493-2500
The fern Asplenium nidus L. is in great demand as an ornamental plant. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of phytohormones in promoting
a gametophytic and sporophytic growth in homogenized sporophytes tissue. Exogenous application of 0.5 and 5 μM N
6-benzyladenine, 0.05 and 0.5 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and 0.3 and 3 μM gibberellic acid (GA3) favoured sporophyte regeneration, whereas gametophyte regeneration took place when plant material was cultured in a hormone-free
liquid MS medium. The endogenous contents of the auxin IAA, the cytokinins trans-zeatin, trans-zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin, dihydrozeatin riboside, isopentenyladenine and isopentenyladenosine, and the gibberellins
GA1, GA3, GA4, GA7, GA9 and GA20 in growing gametophytes and sporophytes were evaluated. Similar levels of the auxin and cytokinins and qualitative differences
in the gibberellins were found between both generations. 相似文献
9.
Federico A. Gutiérrez-Miceli Lourdes Arias Nicolás Juarez-Rodríguez Miguel Abud-Archila Aldo Amaro-Reyes Luc Dendooven 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(1):57-63
This paper reports on the optimum concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) to stimulate callus
growth and NAA; kinetin and silver nitrate (AgNO3) for callus redifferentiation in Dianthus caryophyllus L. Meristems were excised and placed in MS medium with 30 g l−1 sucrose and 9.0 μM 2,4-d. Callus clusters were transferred to MS medium containing NAA (0, 1.7, 3.3, and 5.0 μM) and BA (0, 1.7, 3.3, and 5.0 μM)
for proliferation and to MS medium with 30 g l−1 sucrose, 2.5 g l−1 phytagel, kinetin (0, 33, and 66 μM); NAA (0, 7.95, and 15.9 μM) and AgNO3 (0, 23.54 and 47.08 μM) for shoot and root induction. Treatments were applied according to a Box–Behnken design. After callus
growth and redifferentiation, plants were incubated in the greenhouse at 18 ± 2°C for 4 wk and at 20–26°C for 4 wk. Finally,
plants were changed to near-commercial greenhouse conditions with different day (30–35°C) and night (16–24°C) temperatures.
Results showed better callus growth at higher NAA concentrations. A maximum callus weight was found with 5.0 μM NAA but without
BA. A maximum of 78% calluses with shoots was obtained with 15.9 μM NAA, 47.08 μM AgNO3, and 0.74 μM kinetin and 58% with roots with 15.7 μM NAA and 47.08 μM AgNO3, but without kinetin. The shoots obtained showed little hyperhydricity. Vigorous plants were obtained after gradual acclimatization
with an 80% survival rate under nursery conditions. 相似文献
10.
A novel metabolite was isolated from the culture supernatants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides OU5 when grown on l-tryptophan as sole source of nitrogen under photoheterotrophic conditions. It was identified by IR, NMR (1H, 13C) and MS as an indole terpenoid ether [3-hydroxy-6-(1H-indol-3-yloxy)-4-methylhexanoic acid] and is named as rhodethrin.
Rhodethrin at 0.5 μM gave positive test in auxin bioassay and initiated early rooting in tissue-cultured plants than IAA at
5 μM. Rhodethrin has cytotoxic activity against Sup-T1 lymphoma and Colo-125 cancer cell lines at 10 nM. 相似文献
11.
Olga Molchan Svetlana Romashko Vladimir Yurin 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2012,108(3):535-539
l-tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC, EC 4.1.1.28) catalyses the formation of tryptamine from tryptophan, and therefore it plays
a role in terpenoid indole alkaloids biosynthesis. In this study, TDC activity and tryptamine accumulation were monitored
in callus cultures of important medicinal plant Vinca minor L. Callus cultures, established from leaf tissues, were incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.4 μM
kinetin and different concentrations (0.44, 1.1, 2.2, 4.4 and 6.6 μM) of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and grown either in
the dark or under 16 h photoperiod. When the basal enzyme activity of TDC was determined in these cultures, it was 0.5–0.7 nmol
tryptamine mg−1 prot. min−1. Moreover, this activity remained linear over time and over protein concentrations, and with optimum pH levels between 6.5
and 7.5, and an optimum temperature of 35°C. The Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) for l-tryptophan was 1.3 mM. TDC cofactor, pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (1 mM), increased the enzyme activity. During later stages of
callus culture growth cycle, an increase in TDC activity was observed, and this activity depended on culture conditions and
age of callus cultures. In addition, TDC activity and tryptamine accumulation in callus cultures were strongly enhanced by
light treatment. 相似文献
12.
Pumpkin ash (Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush) is at risk for extirpation by an exotic insect, the emerald ash borer (EAB). Pumpkin ash is limited to wetland
areas of the Eastern United States, and has been listed as an endangered species because of EAB activity. Pumpkin ash provides
many benefits to the ecosystem, and its wood is used in the manufacturing industry. In vitro regeneration provides an integral
tool for the mass propagation and genetic transformation of pumpkin ash to combat EAB. Therefore, a plant regeneration protocol
was developed for pumpkin ash. Aseptically extracted hypocotyls formed adventitious shoots following 4 weeks on Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0–22.2 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0–6.8 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) then transferred for
an additional 4 weeks on MS medium with Gamborg B5 vitamins plus 0.2 g L−1 glycine (B5G) containing 6.7 μM BA, 1 μM indole-3-butryic acid (IBA), and 0.29 μM gibberellic acid (GA3). As adventitious shoots developed, these were transferred to a MSB5G medium with 13.3 μM BA, 1 μM IBA, and 0.29 μM GA3 for shoot elongation. Elongated shoots were successfully micropropagated using MSB5 medium with 10 μM BA and 10 μM TDZ. Adventitious
root formation was as high as 94% using woody plant medium supplemented with 4.9 μM IBA with shoots cultured for 10 days in
the dark followed by culture under a 16-h photoperiod. Acclimatization to the greenhouse was successful and normal plant growth
was observed. This protocol will provide a means for genetic transformation for EAB resistance and mass propagation for conservation. 相似文献
13.
Samir C. Debnath 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,88(2):185-191
Cultures of three cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) clones collected from natural stands in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada were established in vitro on a modified cranberry
(Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) tissue culture medium containing 8.9 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Clones were compared for in vitro shoot proliferation
on gelled medium supplemented with varying levels of BAP and thidiazuron (TDZ). Addition of 5.8 μM gibberellic acid (GA3) in 8.9 μM BAP-contained medium improved shoot proliferation. TDZ supported rapid shoot proliferation at low concentration
(1.1 μM) but induced 20–30% hyperhydricity in a plastic airlift bioreactor system containing liquid medium. Bioreactor-multiplied
hyperhydric shoots were transferred to gelled medium containing 8.9 μM BAP and 5.8 μM GA3 and produced normal shoots within 4 weeks of culture. Genotypes differed significantly with respect to multiplication rate
with ‘C1’ producing the most shoots per explant. Proliferated shoots were rooted on a potting medium with 65–75% of survivability
of rooted plants. Present results suggested the possibility of large-scale multiplication of cloudberry shoots in bioreactors. 相似文献
14.
A protocol for in vitro propagation of Isodon wightii (Bentham) H. Hara from nodal segments was developed. Multiple shoots were successfully established on half strength MS medium
supplemented with 4.4 μM BA. Enhancement of shoot multiplication and elongation was achieved on half strength MS medium supplemented
with 4.4 μM BA and 1.4 μM GA3. The regenerated shoots were rooted successfully on half strength MS medium supplemented with 4.9 μM IBA. Acclimatization
of in vitro rooted shoots was successful. The in vitro regenerated plants grew well in the greenhouse without any phenotypic
changes. 相似文献
15.
K. Samuel D. Debashish B. Madhumita G. Padmaja Siva Ram Prasad V. Bhaskara Ramana Murthy P. S. Rao 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(4):466-473
The propagation of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. is difficult as a result of long seed dormancy associated with poor seed germination. The present study was undertaken
to develop a protocol to overcome seed dormancy by culture of zygotic embryo axes and then develop an efficient method for
micropropagation of Givotia. Best germination frequency (78.3%) was achieved from mature zygotic embryo axes isolated from acid-scarified fresh seeds
when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (half-strength major salts) with 28.9 μM gibberellic acid (GA3). Efficient plant conversion was achieved by transfer of 10-d-old germinated embryos to MS medium (half-strength major salts)
supplemented with 1.2 μM kinetin (KN) and 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). However, acid scarification of 1-yr-old seeds
decreased the germination frequency of zygotic embryo axes in comparison to those obtained from non-acid-scarified seeds which
germinated (96.2%) and converted into plants (80.3%) on MS basal (half-strength major salts) medium. Multiple shoot bud induction
was achieved by culture of shoot tips derived from in vitro germinated seedlings on MS medium with 0.5 μM thidiazuron for 4 wk, and the shoots elongated after transfer to a secondary
medium with 1.2 μM KN. A maximum number of 7.8 shoots per explant with an average shoot length of 3.2 cm was achieved after
two subcultures on this medium. The in vitro regenerated shoots rooted (41.5%) on half-strength MS medium with 0.5 μM IBA. The in vitro generated seedlings and micropropagated plants were established in soil with a survival frequency of 70% and 60%, respectively. 相似文献
16.
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim (meadowsweet) is a medicinal plant that is claimed to have several biological activities, including anti-tumor,
anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidant, anti-coagulant, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-microbial, anti-arthritic, and immunomodulatory properties.
This report describes, for the first time, an efficient plant regeneration system for F. ulmaria via adventitious shoot development from leaf, petiole, and root explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s minimal organics
medium containing different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ), benzyladenine, and kinetin either alone or in combination
with different auxins. Relatively extensive/prolific shoot regeneration was observed in all three explant types with TDZ in
combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Gibberellic acid (GA3), TDZ, and IAA combinations were also tested. The best shoot proliferation was observed among root explants cultured on media
supplemented with 0.45 μM TDZ + 2.85 μM IAA + 1.44 μM GA3. Regenerated shoots were transferred to rooting media containing different concentrations of either IAA, indole-3-butyric
acid (IBA), naphthalene acetic acid, or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Most shoots developed roots on medium with 2.46 μM
IBA. Rooted explants were transferred to vermiculite in Magenta containers for a 2-wk acclimatization period and then finally
to plastic pots containing potting soil. The plantlets in soil were kept in growth chambers for 2 wk before transferring to
greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
17.
18.
Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicinal plants for treatment of coronary heart disease. Tanshinones are
the main biological active compounds in S. miltiorrhiza. In this study, effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MJ) and nitric oxide (NO) on tanshinone production in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots were investigated and the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MJ and NO-induced tanshinone production were
elucidated further. The results showed that contents of four tanshinone compounds were significantly increased by 100 μM MJ
when compared to the control. Application of 100 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of NO, also resulted in a significant
increase of tanshinone production. Expression of two key genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR)
and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) was up-regulated by MJ and SNP. Generations of O2
− and H2O2 were triggered by MJ, but not by SNP. The increase of tanshinone production and up-regulation of HMGR and DXR expression induced by MJ were significantly inhibited by ROS scavengers, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). However,
neither SOD nor CAT was able to suppress the SNP-induced increase of tanshinone production and expression of HMGR and DXR
gene. In conclusion, tanshinone production was significantly stimulated by MJ and SNP. Of four tanshinone compounds, cryptotanshinone
accumulation was most affected by MJ elicitation, while cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA accumulation was more affected
by SNP elicitation. ROS mediated MJ-induced tanshinone production, but SNP-induced tanshinone production was ROS independent. 相似文献
19.
P. I. P. Perera V. Hocher J.-L. Verdeil H. D. D. Bandupriya D. M. D. Yakandawala L. K. Weerakoon 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,92(3):293-302
Conditions for induction of androgenesis in coconut cv. Sri Lanka Tall were studied. Anthers collected from inflorescences
at four maturity stages were given heat (38°C) or cold (4°C) pretreatments for 1, 3, 6 and 14 days, either prior to or post
inoculation. Three different basal media and different anther densities were also tested. Androgenesis was observed only in
anthers collected from inflorescences 3 weeks before splitting (WBS) and after a heat pretreatment at 38°C for 6 days. Modified
Eeuwens Y3 liquid medium supplemented with 100 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), 0.1% activated charcoal and 9% sucrose was effective in inducing an androgenic response. The lowest anther density tested,
10 per petri plate, was found to be the optimal density. When androgenic calli or embryos were subcultured to Y3 medium containing 66 μM 2,4-d, followed by transfer to Y3 medium without plant growth regulators and finally to Y3 medium containing 5 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.35 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), plantlets regenerated at a frequency of 7%. Histological study indicated that the calli and embryos originated from the
inner tissues of the anthers. Ploidy analysis of calli and embryos showed that they were haploid. This is the first report
of successful androgenesis yielding haploid plants from coconut anthers. 相似文献
20.
The effects of GA3 and/or ABA on the α-amylase activity and the ultrastructure of aleurone cells in halves of seeds without embryos (embryo-less
half seeds) of oats (Avena sativa L.) were studied.
α-Amylase activity was detected by the starch-agar gel method in the aleurone layers of embryo-less half seeds soaked in 1
μM GA3 solution or 100 μM GA3+10 μM ABA solution but not in those of seeds soaked in distilled water, 10 μM ABA solution, or 1 μM GA3+10 μM ABA solution. Ultrastructural examinations of aleurone cells with α-amylase activity showed a decrease in the number
of sphaerosomes, the appearance of flattened saccules pressed to the surface of aleurone grains, and the development and transformations
of the rER from a slender form to the one with wide inner spaces. In the aleurone cells in which the enzyme activity was not
detected, components of the rER showed only slender profiles. The number of sphaerosomes did not decrease, and no flattened
saccules appeared in the aleurone cells treated with 10 μM ABA or 1 μM GA3+10 μM ABA. 相似文献