耳蕨属一新组——新生耳蕨组

描述了耳蕨属一新组——新生耳蕨组Sect．Neopolystichum Ching。小羽片背面具披针形小鳞片 使得新生耳蕨组显著区别于后生耳蕨组Sect．Metapolystichum Tagawa(emend．Zhang＆Kung,1996)。 本文对新生耳蕨组进行了分类学研究,共记载本组植物7种,并给出了各种植物的地理分布。认为九州 耳蕨P．kiusiuense Tagawa是大叶耳蕨P．grandifrons C. Chr．的一异名,二尖耳蕨P.biaristatum(Bl．)Moore极有可能并不分布于喜马拉雅、中南半岛、缅甸和云南。     

广西蕨类植物分布新记录

报道广西蕨类植物分布新记录8种,即细毛碗蕨、黑柄铁角蕨、湖南黔蕨、双胞耳蕨、台湾耳蕨、柔软耳蕨、尾叶石韦和龙骨星蕨。列出这些种的标本引证、地理分布和分类特征等。     

云南复叶耳蕨属植物孢子形态研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对30种复叶耳蕨孢子形态进行了观察,结果显示:(1)复叶耳蕨孢子两侧对称,单裂缝,裂缝长度为赤道轴的1/2～3/4,极面观为卵圆形或椭圆形,赤道面观为半圆形或近圆形,大小为(25.45～43.43)μm×(18.09～31.92)μm。(2)复叶耳蕨孢子主要纹饰有:片状、刺状、瘤块状、翅状、脊状、耳状及粗糙7种类型。(3)根据孢子形态特征,对长期存在分类争议的种进行了探讨,并列出基于孢子形态的检索表。结果支持:将灰脉复叶耳蕨处理为西南复叶耳蕨的异名;大姚复叶耳蕨处理为日本复叶耳蕨的异名;镰形复叶耳蕨作为南川复叶耳蕨的异名;钝羽复叶耳蕨和浅裂复叶耳蕨孢子纹饰一致,因此其亲缘关系较近。     

中国耳蕨属高山耳蕨组的分类学研究

高山耳蕨组的成员是中国西部、印度北部和喜马拉雅山区常见的蕨类。其成员为夏绿植物,叶片 薄而柔弱。秋季叶片枯萎后叶柄基部宿存在地面形成一个丛堆以保护幼芽,这显然是对高山严峻环境 的适应。作为高山地带特有类型,1972年日本蕨类学家Sigeru Daigobo将它们作为耳蕨属下的一个组 ——高山耳蕨组Sect．Lasiopolystichum Daigobo,这是合理的。Daigobo建立此组时只包含3个种,经过 对中国大量标本及有关文献的研究,现知在中国约有30种应归人此组,其中有3新种:红鳞耳蕨P．ru- fopaleaceum,石生耳蕨P.saxicola,康定耳蕨P．kangdingense;2新变种．裂叶耳蕨P．sinense var．loba- tum,条裂耳蕨P．mollissimum Var．laciniatum;1新组合,钝裂耳蕨P．integrilobum(Sorolepidium)。据羽片背面的小鳞片类型可将高山耳蕨组划分为2个系:穆坪系Ser．Moupinensia和中华系Ser．Sinensia。     

中国复叶耳蕨属新分类群(三)

本文报导了复叶耳蕨属4新种:近异羽复叶耳蕨,Arachniodes para-simplicior Ching ex Y.T.Hsieh,sp.nov.;凤阳山复叶耳蕨,Arachniodes fengyangshanensis Ching et C.F.Zhang ex Y.T.Hsieh,sp.nov.;孟连复叶耳蕨Arachniodes menglianensis Y.T.Hsieh.sp.nov.; 披针复叶耳蕨Arachniodes lanceolata Y.T.Hsieh,sp.nov.。     

鳞毛蕨科3种植物配子体发育的研究

利用光学显微镜详细观察鳞毛蕨科(Dryopteridaceae)3属3种植物,即耳蕨属的棕鳞耳蕨(Polystichum polyblepharum)、鳞毛蕨属的黑足鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris fuscipes)和鞭叶蕨属的鞭叶蕨(Cyrtomidictyum lepidocaulon)配子体发育过程,记录配子体各发育阶段的特征。结果表明:棕鳞耳蕨、黑足鳞毛蕨和鞭叶蕨的孢子都为单裂缝,孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型,配子体发育类型为三叉蕨型,性器官为薄囊蕨型,成熟原叶体为对称的心脏形,具毛状体;3属的属间差异包括孢子颜色、孢子纹饰、萌发时间、丝状体长度、片状体形状、毛状体和假根等特征,上述特征在属间存在交叉现象,因此,孢子形态和配子体发育特征不能作为区分耳蕨属、鳞毛蕨属和鞭叶蕨属的形态依据。     

湖南蕨类植物区系新资料（Ⅱ）

报道了湖南蕨类植物区系新记录20种（隶属5科7属）;它们是毛足铁线蕨 (Adiantum bonatianum)、多芒复叶耳蕨（Arachniodes aristatissima）、狭长复叶耳蕨（A. attenuata）、粗裂复叶耳蕨(A. grossa)、南川复叶耳蕨(A. nanchuanensis)、黑鳞复叶耳蕨（A. ningrospinosa）、缩羽复叶耳蕨(A. reducta)、长刺复叶耳蕨（A. setifera）、节肢蕨（Arthromeris lehmannii）、多羽节肢蕨（A. mairei）、上斜刀羽耳蕨（Polystichum assurgentipinnum）、深裂耳蕨（P. incisopinnulum）、前原耳蕨（P. mayebarae）、假线鳞耳蕨（P. pseudosetosum）、边果耳蕨（P. shimurae）、钻鳞耳蕨（P. subulatum）、等基贯众（Cyrtomium aequibasis）、尖齿肋毛蕨（Ctenitis dentisora）、梵净肋毛蕨（C. wantsingshanica）、琼崖舌蕨（Elaphoglossum mcclurei）。     

鳞毛蕨科的孢子形态研究

对鳞毛蕨科及其相近类群的19属65种的孢子形态进行了光学显微镜观察,并对其中12属30种进行了扫描电镜观察。鳞毛蕨科的孢子左右对称,极面观为椭圆形、近球形,赤道观为肾形,极轴/赤道轴的比值为0.60～0.86;单缝孢,裂缝长度约为孢子全长的1/2～3/4,属中至大型孢子。鳞毛蕨科具有多样性的外壁纹饰:不仅包括刺状、瘤状、颗粒状、脊状、窗孔状、耳状、片状及翅状等几种基本类型,而且还存在一些中间过渡类型。根据孢子形态特征,对本科的属间关系进行了探讨。孢子形态特征的相似性支持假复叶耳蕨属、肉刺蕨属、球盖蕨科与鳞毛蕨属的近缘关系,黔蕨属与复叶耳蕨属间的近缘关系。玉龙蕨属的两个种的孢子纹饰与耳蕨属的部分种一致,支持将玉龙蕨属作为耳蕨属的异名处理。拟贯众属独特的翅状纹饰支持将其从鳞毛蕨科中分离出去。     

新疆耳蕨属一新种

本文发表了新疆耳蕨属一新种, 即新疆耳蕨Polystichm sinkiangense Ching ex C.Y.Yang     

鳞毛蕨科植物的系统发育: 叶绿体rbcL序列的证据

运用MEGA2和MrBayes 3.0b4软件包对105种鳞毛蕨类及近缘植物(其中新测定36种)的叶绿体DNA rbcL基因序列进行系统发育分析, 探讨了其主要分类群(属级水平)的系统演化关系。用最大简约法、邻接法和贝叶斯分析方法构建的系统树基本一致, 结果显示: (1)秦仁昌系统所定义的鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae, 除了拟贯众属Cyclopeltis外, 均包含在两个单系群之中, 支持鳞毛蕨族Dryopterideae和耳蕨族Polysticheae的成立; 但是鳞毛蕨族还包含秦仁昌系统所定义的球盖蕨科Peranemaceae和三叉蕨科Tectariaceae肋毛蕨属Ctenitis的部分种类; 耳蕨族还包含产于美洲的Phanerophlebia属和Polystichopsis属; 确认石盖蕨属Lithostegia属鳞毛蕨族的成员, 且与复叶耳蕨属Arachniodes具有较近的亲缘关系。(2)拟贯众属与所分析的其他任何鳞毛蕨类植物的关系都比较疏远, 单独为一支。(3)秦仁昌系统所定义的球盖蕨科与肉刺蕨属Nothoperanema聚成一个分支, 属于鳞毛蕨族的成员。(4)鳞毛蕨属Dryopteris为多系类群, 耳蕨属Polystichum和贯众属Cyrtomium均为并系类群。(5)黔蕨属Phanerophlebiopsis、毛枝蕨属Leptorumohra和石盖蕨属与复叶耳蕨属构成一支; 柳叶蕨属Cyrtogonellum与Polystichum属和Cyrtomium属的部分种类聚成一支; 肉刺蕨属与球盖蕨科及鳞毛蕨属的部分种类聚成一支。对鳞毛蕨科的系统关系、球盖蕨科与鳞毛蕨科的系统关系、肋毛蕨属与鳞毛蕨科的系统关系以及中国或亚洲特有属(拟贯众属、肉刺蕨属、黔蕨属、毛枝蕨属、石盖蕨属和柳叶蕨属)的系统位置进行了讨论。     

中国塔蚁属系统分类研究(膜翅目,蚁科)

记述中国塔蚁属Pyramica Roger昆虫26种,其中描述3新种,提出1个新组合Pyramica dayui(Xu).提供了各个种的地理分布,编制了25种工蚁分种检索表,台湾塔蚁P.formosa(Terayama,Lin & Wu)仅知蚁后.26个中国已知种是:多氏塔蚁P.doherti(Emery),平岛塔蚁P.hirashimai (Ogata),命运塔蚁P.1achesis Bolton,王氏塔蚁P.emeswangiBolton,节膜塔蚁P.membranifera(Emery),高作塔蚁P.takasago(Terayama,Lin＆Wu),弄巴塔蚁P.nongba sp.nov.,威氏塔蚁P.wilsoni Wang,日本塔蚁P.japonica(Ito),山地塔蚁P.formosimonticola(Terayama,Lin & Wu),典剑塔蚁P.benten(Terayama,Lin&Wu),细毛塔蚁P.leptothrix (Wheeler),高雅塔蚁P.elegantula(Terayama ＆ Kubota),哀牢山塔蚁P.ailaoshana sp.nov.,玛祖塔蚁P.mazu(Terayama,Lin & Wu),吉上塔蚁P.kichijo(Terayama,Lin & Wu),杨氏塔蚁P.yangi sp.nov.,中华塔蚁P.sinensis Wang,六节塔蚁P.hexamera(Brown),提西塔蚁P.tisiphone Bolton,大禹塔蚁P.dayui(Xu),犬齿塔蚁P.canina(Brown & Boisvert),邵氏塔蚁P.sauteri(Forel),温和塔蚁P.mitis Brown,截头塔蚁P.mutica(Brown),台湾塔蚁P.formosa (Terayama,Lin＆Wu).     

Relationships of species of the Paramecium aurelia complex (Protozoa, Ph. Ciliophora, Cl. Oligohymenophorea) based on sequences of the histone H4 gene fragment

A fragment ofhistone H4 gene (160 bp long) was sequenced in the standard strains of P. primaurelia (DQ067620), P. biaurelia (DQ067621), P. tetraurelia (DQ067622), P. pentaurelia (DQ067623), P. septaurelia (DQ067624), P. octaurelia (DQ067625), P. decaurelia (DQ067626), P. undecaurelia (DQ067627), P. dodecaurelia (DQ067628), P. tredecaurelia (DQ067629), and P. quadecaurelia (DQ067630). The tree constructed according to the Kimura model presents two main species clusters, one comprising P. undecaurelia, P. octaurelia, P. septaurelia, and the second cluster with P. pentaurelia, P. tredecaurelia, P. quadecaurelia, P. tetraurelia, P. decaurelia, P. primaurelia, P. biaurelia. P. dodecaurelia was recovered as a separate branch. The tree constructed on the basis of the maximum likelihood method also presents two species clusters, one with P. undecaurelia, P. octaurelia, P. septaurelia, and the second with P. primaurelia, P. decaurelia, P. pentaurelia, P. tredecaurelia, P. quadecaurelia, P. tetraurelia. P. biaurelia forms a basal clade to the latter cluster, and P. dodecaurelia was recovered as a clearly distinct branch from the clusters.     

FTY720 (Gilenya) phosphate selectivity of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 (S1P1) G protein-coupled receptor requires motifs in intracellular loop 1 and transmembrane domain 2

FTY720 phosphate (FTY720P) is a high potency agonist for all the endothelial differentiation gene family sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors except S1P receptor subtype 2 (S1P(2)). To map the distinguishing features of S1P(2) ligand recognition, we applied a computational modeling-guided mutagenesis strategy that was based on the high degree of sequence homology between S1P(1) and S1P(2). S1P(2) point mutants of the ligand-binding pocket were characterized. The head group-interacting residues Arg3.28, Glu3.29, and Lys7.34 were essential for activation. Mutation of residues Ala3.32, Leu3.36, Val5.41, Phe6.44, Trp6.48, Ser7.42, and Ser7.46, predicted to interact with the S1P hydrophobic tail, impaired activation by S1P. Replacing individual or multiple residues in the ligand-binding pocket of S1P(2) with S1P(1) sequence did not impart activation by FTY720P. Chimeric S1P(1)/S1P(2) receptors were generated and characterized for activation by S1P or FTY720P. The S1P(2) chimera with S1P(1) sequence from the N terminus to transmembrane domain 2 (TM2) was activated by FTY720P, and the S1P(2)(IC1-TM2)(S1P1) domain insertion chimera showed S1P(1)-like activation. Twelve residues in this domain, distributed in four motifs a-d, differ between S1P(1) and S1P(2). Insertion of (78)RPMYY in motif b alone or simultaneous swapping of five other residues in motifs c and d from S1P(1) into S1P(2) introduced FTY720P responsiveness. Molecular dynamics calculations indicate that FTY720P binding selectivity is a function of the entropic contribution to the binding free energy rather than enthalpic contributions and that preferred agonists retain substantial flexibility when bound. After exposure to FTY720P, the S1P(2)(IC1-TM2)(S1P1) receptor recycled to the plasma membrane, indicating that additional structural elements are required for the selective degradative trafficking of S1P(1).     

Role of phosphorylated aminoacyl residues in generating atypical consensus sequences which are recognized by casein kinase-2 but not by casein kinase-1.

Casein kinase-2 (CK-2) is a ubiquitous Ser/Thr specific protein kinase that recognizes phosphorylatable residues located upstream of acidic determinants, its consensus sequence being Ser(Thr)-Xaa-Xaa-Acidic. Here we show that the phosphotetrapeptide AcSer(P)-Ser(P)-Ser-Ser(P), which is devoid of the canonical consensus sequence, is nevertheless phosphorylated by CK-2 with rates comparable to that of typical peptide substrates Ser-Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu and Arg-Arg-Arg-Glu-Glu-Glu-Thr-Glu-Glu-Glu routinely employed for assaying CK-2 activity. The phosphopeptide AcSer(P)-Ser-Ser(P) [but not Ac-Ser-Ser(P)-Ser(P) or AcSer(P)-Ser(P)-Ser] is also phosphorylated albeit less efficiently than AcSer(P)-Ser(P)-Ser-Ser(P). Further N-terminal elongation with additional phosphoseryl residues to give the peptides AcSer(P)-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Ser-Ser(P) and AcSer(P)-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Ser-Ser(P) does not improve but rather slightly decreases the phosphorylation efficiency by CK-2. These two peptides are conversely excellent substrates for CK-1, which does not appreciably phosphorylate either AcSer(P)-Ser-Ser(P) or AcSer-(P)-Ser(P)-Ser-Ser(P). Either individual or multiple replacement of the phosphorylated residues with glutamic acid in the peptide AcSer(P)-Ser(P)-Ser-Ser(P) drastically reduces the phosphorylation efficiency by CK-2, the phosphoseryl residue at position -2 playing an especially crucial role which cannot be surrogated by glutamyl residues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

New Taxa of Pedicularis from the Hengduan Mountains

Six new species, 1 new subspecies and 1 new variety are described in this paper. They are P. salviiflora Franch. ex Forbes et Hemsl. var. leiocarpa H. P. Yang (Ser. Salviiflorae Prain), P. rex C. B. Clarke subsp. zayuensis H. P. Yang (Ser. Reges Li), P. xiangchengensis H. P. Yang (Ser. Cyathophyllae Li), P. deqinensis H. P. Yang (Ser. Myriophyllae Maxim.), P. weixiensis H. P. Yang(Ser. pectinatiformes Tsoong), P. rizhaoensis H. P. Yang (Ser. Lyratae Maxim.), P. gongshanensis H. P. Yang (Ser. Cernuae Li), P. dulongensis H. P. Yang (Ser. Wilsoniae Li).     

Changes in S1P1 and S1P2 expression during embryonal development and primitive endoderm differentiation of F9 cells

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a ligand for S1P family receptors (S1P(1)-S1P(5)). Of these receptors, S1P(1), S1P(2), and S1P(3) are ubiquitously expressed in adult mice, while S1P(4) and S1P(5) are tissue specific. However, little is known of their expression during embryonal development. We performed Northern blot analyses in mouse embryonal tissue and found that such expression is developmentally regulated. We also examined the expression of these receptors during primitive endoderm (PrE) differentiation of mouse F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, a well-known in vitro endoderm differentiation system. S1P(2) mRNA was abundantly expressed in F9 EC cells, but little S1P(1) and no S1P(3), S1P(4), or S1P(5) mRNA was detectable. However, S1P(1) mRNA expression was induced during EC-to-PrE differentiation. Studies using small interference RNA of S1P(1) indicated that increased S1P(1) expression is required for PrE differentiation. Thus, S1P(1) may play an important function in PrE differentiation that is not substituted for by S1P(2).     

Localization of P2X and P2Y receptors in dorsal root ganglia of the cat.

The distribution of P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes in upper lumbosacral cat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) has been investigated using immunohistochemistry. Intensity of immunoreactivity for six P2X receptors (P2X(5) receptors were immuno-negative) and the three P2Y receptors examined in cat DRG was in the order of P2Y(2) = P2Y(4)>P2X(3)>P2X(2) = P2X(7)>P2X(6)>P2X(1) = P2X(4)>P2Y(1). P2X(3), P2Y(2), and P2Y(4) receptor polyclonal antibodies stained 33.8%, 35.3%, and 47.6% of DRG neurons, respectively. Most P2Y(2), P2X(1), P2X(3), P2X(4), and P2X(6) receptor staining was detected in small- and medium-diameter neurons. However, P2Y(4), P2X(2), and P2X(7) staining was present in large- and small-diameter neurons. Double-labeling immunohistochemistry showed that 90.8%, 32.1%, and 2.4% of P2X(3) receptor-positive neurons coexpressed IB(4), CGRP, and NF200, respectively; whereas 67.4%, 41.3%, and 39.1% of P2Y(4) receptor-positive neurons coexpressed IB(4), CGRP, and NF200, respectively. A total of 18.8%, 16.6%, and 63.5% of P2Y(2) receptor-positive neurons also stained for IB(4), CGRP, and NF200, respectively. Only 30% of DRG neurons in cat were P2X(3)-immunoreactive compared with 90% in rat and in mouse. A further difference was the low expression of P2Y(1) receptors in cat DRG neurons compared with more than 80% of the neurons in rat. Many small-diameter neurons were NF200-positive in cat, again differing from rat and mouse.     

Roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in angiogenesis

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a blood-borne lipid mediator with pleiotropic biological activities. S1P acts via the specific cell surface G-protein-coupled receptors, S1P(1-5). S1P(1) and S1P(2) were originally identified from vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells, respectively. Emerging evidence shows that S1P plays crucial roles in the regulation of vascular functions, including vascular formation, barrier protection and vascular tone via S1P(1), S1P(2) and S1P(3). In particular, S1P regulates vascular formation through multiple mechanisms; S1P exerts both positive and negative effects on angiogenesis and vascular maturation. The positive and negative effects of S1P are mediated by S1P(1) and S1P(2), respectively. These effects of S1P(1) and S1P(2) are probably mediated by the S1P receptors expressed in multiple cell types including ECs and bone-marrow-derived cells. The receptor-subtype-specific, distinct effects of S1P favor the development of novel therapeutic tactics for antitumor angiogenesis in cancer and therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic diseases.     

A REAPPRAISAL OF PORPHYRA AND BANGIA (BANGIOPHYCIDAE, RHODOPHYTA) IN THE NORTHEAST ATLANTIC BASED ON THE rbcL–rbcS INTERGENIC SPACER

Sequence data of the rbc L –rbc S noncoding intergenic spacer of the plastid genome for 47 specimens of Porphyra and Bangia from the northeast Atlantic reveal that they fall into 11 distinct sequences: P. purpurea, P. dioica (includes a sample of P. "ochotensis" from Helgoland), P. amplissima (includes P. thulaea and British records of P. "miniata" ), P. linearis, P. umbilicalis, P. "miniata", B. atropurpurea s.l. from Denmark and B. atropurpurea s.l. from Wales, P. drachii, P. leucosticta (includes a British record of P. "miniata var. abyssicola" ), and P. "insolita" (includes P. "yezoensis" from Helgoland). Of these, data obtained for P. purpurea , P. dioica, P. amplissima, P. linearis, P. umbilicalis, P. drachii, and P. leucosticta were based on type specimens or material compared with types. Comparison of sequence data for Porphyra spp. and Bangia atropurpurea s.l. (including B. fuscopurpurea, the type species of Bangia ) confirms that the species are congeneric. The data also confirm that the number of layers that make up the Porphyra thallus are not taxonomically significant. Comparison of sequence data for species from the northeast Atlantic with those for material of two species from the Pacific reveals that the species fall into two distinct groupings: an Atlantic group, containing P. purpurea, P. dioica, P. amplissima, P. linearis, P. umbilicalis, P. "miniata", and B. atropurpurea, and a Pacific group, containing P. "pseudolinearis", P. drachii, P. leucosticta, P. "yezoensis" (including a sample of P. "tenera" ), and P. "insolita" (including P. "yezoensis" from Helgoland). The possibility of alien species in the northeast Atlantic is discussed.     

中国西南地区杨属的分类学研究(Ⅰ)

本文包括:康定杨的补充记载,4个新组合,16个新异名,2个天然杂种,2个分布新记录,2个新变种。