陕西9种大戟属植物红外光谱分析及其分类学意义

利用傅里叶红外光谱仪测定了主产于陕西省的9种大戟属植物叶片的红外光谱,并对其指纹特征区域1800~400 cm-1进行了二阶求导。二阶导数光谱主成分分析表明:前两个主成分的累积贡献率达77.04%,能够充分反映原始光谱的大部分信息,可作为鉴定大戟属植物的依据;同时,前两个主成分分析得到的散点分布图与聚类分析结果,均将9种大戟属植物划分为3大类,其中甘遂和续随子各自单独为一类,而地锦草、大戟、华北大戟、湖北大戟、南大戟、乳浆大戟和泽漆则归为另一类,与依据形态解剖学性状对这9种植物所作的分类结果基本一致,说明傅里叶变换红外光谱法结合主成分分析与聚类分析可以为大戟属植物的分类提供依据。     

大戟属植物亲缘关系的ISSR分析

利用ISSR标记对9种大戟属植物的亲缘关系进行了分析.结果表明:筛选出的24条ISSR引物共扩增251条带,其中多态性条带248条,多态率为98.8%.9种大戟属材料的遗传相似系数在0.51～0.69之间,平均为0.62.利用UPGMA法将9种大戟属植物分别聚为3个类群,第一类群包含地锦亚属与一品红亚属的5个种及大戟亚属的绿玉树,第二、第三类群分别包含大戟亚属中的3个种.ISSR标记获得的聚类结果与根据形态特征获得的分类结果有很大的差异.     

八种国产大戟属植物的核型报道

8种大戟属Euphorbia L．植物的核型分析结果表明,大戟属不同亚属的染色体基数与其形态变 异的复杂性有一定关系。地锦草亚属subgen．Chamaesyce 3个种染色体基数分别为x=8,9,11;一品红 亚属subgen．Poinsettia两个种染色体基数均为x=7,分别为四倍体和八倍体;乳浆大戟亚属subgen． Esula 3个种,染色体基数分别为x=7,10,10。根据以前学者发表的资料分析,一品红亚属和大戟亚属 Subgen. Euphorbia的染色体基数是很稳定的,分别为x=7和x=10;通奶草E．hypericifolia为x=8 的四倍体,它不仅有染色体整倍性的变异,还有异基数性的变化。结合以前学者的研究,笔者支持x= 10为大戟属的最原始基数的观点。齿裂大戟E．dentata和通奶草具不同的染色体倍性,猫眼草E． esula的细胞染色体数目观察证实了我国存在四倍体的居群,与欧洲和北美的植物构成一个典型的多倍体复合体。     

安徽产大戟属药用植物资源及其生物活性

对安徽产大戟属药用植物的资源状况及其生物活性进行了综述。安徽产大戟属药用植物约有9种,具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗氧化等生物活性,有些具有一定的毒性。     

地锦类中草药的化学成分和药理研究概况

地锦类中草药的化学成分和药理研究概况褚小兰范崔生（江西中医学院,南昌３３０００６）我国的大戟科大戟属（Ｅｕｐｈｏｒｂｉａ）地锦类植物主要有８个种和１个变种［１］在民间都作地锦草药用。中国药典９５年版只收载其中的地锦草（Ｅ．ｈｕｍｉｆｕｓａｗｏｌｄ）和...     

广西爵床科植物新资料

本文报道广西爵床科３３个新分类群,４个新组合,８个中国新记录,１３个广西新记录,１种花的补充描述和１种花萼描述的修订     

中国大陆大戟属新归化植物——禾叶大戟

报道一种新归化于中国广东省的大戟属植物禾叶大戟Euphorbia graminea Jacq.。该种原产于墨西哥至南美洲北部地区,在太平洋岛屿、尼日利亚、意大利和我国台湾等地归化为杂草。     

湖北山毛榉科修订

在前人工作的基础上,对湖北山毛榉科植物进行了修订,报道了２个新组合,４个湖北新纪录种,确认湖北山毛榉科植物共５属,４８种,１亚种,３变种,此为湖北植物志补编工作的首次报道。     

五种大戟属植物nrDNA的ITS序列分析及其叶的比较解剖学研究

运用PCR直接测序法和石蜡切片法,测定5种安徽产大戟属植物的nrDNA的内转录间隔区(ITS)序列包括5.8SrDNA及其叶片的解剖。结果表明(1)5种大戟属植物的ITS的长度范围为641~662bp,运用Maga软件构件ITS树把5种植物归为两大支大戟、月腺大戟与乳浆大戟聚为一支;地锦和斑地锦聚为另一支。结果表明地锦和斑地锦亲缘关系较近,而大戟、月腺大戟和乳浆大戟亲缘关系较近。(2)5种大戟属植物的叶片结构中,除地锦和斑地锦外,其余3种有明显的栅栏组织和海绵组织之分,但二者在叶肉中的厚度比在种间有一定的差别;而地锦和斑地锦叶的栅栏组织与海绵组织分化不明显,且皆有乳汁管,其他3种植物叶片内未见此结构,叶片结构分析表明大戟、月腺大戟和乳浆大戟叶片结构相近,而地锦草和斑地锦叶片结构也相近。(3)分析表明nrDNA的ITS序列及叶的比较解剖特征具有明显的相关性。以上研究结果为大戟属植物的分类和药用开发提供了实验证据。     

大戟属二萜类化学成分和生物活性研究进展

大戟属(Euphorbia)植物化学成分主要包括萜类、黄酮类、酚酸类等成分。该属植物具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗HIV等活性。本文主要综述了近十年来大戟属植物中发现的新的二萜类化合物及生物活性研究进展。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.