柳属的分支系统学分析

基于61个广义的形态学性状,以杨属为外类群对柳属进行了分支系统学分析.经简约性分析,得到了21个同等简约的分支树,其严格一致树支持柳属为一个自然的分类群,但不支持将钻天柳属和心叶柳属从柳属中划分出去独立成属,也不支持对柳属进行属级水平上的细分,后两个结果得到孢粉学和分子系统学研究的支持.柳亚属为一个单系分支,皱纹柳亚属和黄花柳亚属也形成了一个单系分支.根据本研究的结果,建议将柳属划分为钻天柳亚属、柳亚属及黄花柳亚属3个亚属.由于较低的靴带支持率,其系统发育关系难于探讨.鉴于分支分析的一致性指数、保持性指数、各分支内部的支持率均不高,柳属的属下分类系统的划分有待进一步的研究.     

中国柳属多雄蕊类群的分支系统学研究

应用杨属(Populus)和钻天柳属(Chosenia)分别作为不同的外类群,对中国柳属多雄蕊类群构建了两个分支图。结果表明,钻天柳属、大叶柳和四子柳组(Sect.Tetraspermae)都是较原始的类群。支持建立Toisusu Kimura属。根据分支图和染色体数目资料,多雄蕊类群可划分五个类组。支持方振富教授关于"南方型"和"北方型"的划分以及在东亚有从南方向北方演化的趋势,特别对于中国特有组紫柳组(Sect.Wilsonianae).Sect.Salix和Sect.Subalbae两组的分化应予以承认。     

杨柳科(Salicaceae)7种植物次生韧皮部的比较研究

本文研究和比较了杨柳科2属7种植物次生韧皮部解剖结构。结果表明:(1)杨属和柳属植物在次生初皮部解剖上有某些共同特征:次生韧皮部具有明显分层现象;韧皮纤维和含晶细胞与筛管分子、伴胞和韧皮薄壁组织细胞是切向带相间排列;筛管分子均为复筛板,端壁倾斜平均含有7-8个筛域。(2)两属植物在射线和晶体类型上有明显区别:柳属植物次生韧皮部无石细胞;杨属植物不具功能韧皮部中含有石细胞。(3)两属植物均有一些较为原始的韧皮部解剖特征。     

杨柳科7种植物次生韧皮部的比较研究

本文研究和比较了杨柳科２属７种植物次生韧皮部解剖结构。结果表明：１杨属和柳属植物在次生韧皮部解剖上有某些共同特征：次生韧皮部具有明显分层现象;韧皮纤维和含晶细胞与筛管分子,伴胞和韧皮薄壁组织细胞呈切向带相间排列;筛管分子均为复筛板,端壁倾斜平均含量有７－８个筛域。２两属植物在射线和晶体类型上有明显区别：柳属植物次生韧皮部无石细胞;杨属植物不具功能韧皮中含有石细胞。３两属植物均有一些较为原始的韧皮剖     

松、杉、柏的识别

松、杉、柏是群众中使用的通俗名称,有如杨树和柳树一样,代表着杨柳科的杨属和柳属的概念,而松杉柏的概念比起杨属和柳属在某种意义上要复杂的多。松杉柏它们都属于裸子植物松杉纲,其中主要是松杉目的松科、杉科和柏科,而松、杉、柏大体应分属于这三个科。但是目前对各科植物应用的名称则常常是混杂的,如冷杉、云杉属于松科,但名称上用了杉字,而     

中国柳属新植物(一)

我国幅员宽广,地跨北温带和亚热带地区,正是杨柳科植物的主要分布区,本科三属均产,植物种繁多,尤其是柳属,更是如此。我们杨柳科研究小组,在总结、研究整理我国杨柳科植物时,发现不少新植物,现将国产绝大部分柳属的新组、新种、新变种、新变型发表如下。在研究本科的过程中,得到中国科学院植物研究所、西北植物研究所、中国科学院昆明植物研究所、青海高原生物研究所、江苏植物研究所、四川大学生物系等兄弟单位的大力支持、表示谢忱。     

青藏高原杨属化石概述（英文）

杨属是北半球温带森林生态系统中一个重要的乔木属。文中概述了青藏高原古近纪和新近纪的杨属化石记录,并根据最新的地层学和年代学数据,对化石的时代进行厘定。化石记录显示杨属在青藏高原最早出现于始新世最晚期。在渐新世和中新世杨属在青藏高原的南部和北部都有较多的化石,但在高原中部尚未见记录。青藏高原具有杨属的化石植物群大多数都是温带落叶阔叶的河岸植被,进一步证实杨属在其演化历史早期就偏好温带近河岸的环境。青藏高原北部的早渐新世植物群中杨属多样性较高,并占据显著优势,表明这一地区在杨属早期分化中具有重要作用。     

青藏高原杨属化石概述

杨属是北半球温带森林生态系统中一个重要的乔木属。文中概述了青藏高原古近纪和新近纪的杨属化石记录,并根据最新的地层学和年代学数据,对化石的时代进行厘定。化石记录显示杨属在青藏高原最早出现于始新世最晚期。在渐新世和中新世杨属在青藏高原的南部和北部都有较多的化石,但在高原中部尚未见记录。青藏高原具有杨属的化石植物群大多数都是温带落叶阔叶的河岸植被,进一步证实杨属在其演化历史早期就偏好温带近河岸的环境。青藏高原北部的早渐新世植物群中杨属多样性较高,并占据显著优势,表明这一地区在杨属早期分化中具有重要作用。     

鄂西神农架的同蝽(半翅目:同蝽科)

神农架位于湖北省西部,大巴山东端,主峰——无名峰海拔3052米,是我国华中第一高峰。这里山川交错,沟谷深切,群峰高耸,自然条件复杂。气候潮湿,四季分明,如兴山县年平均降水量为984.1毫米,最冷月(一月)平均气温大部分地区在摄氏2—4度之间,绝对最高气温可达摄氏40.7度。神农架地区植被有明显的温带特征。在当地所产762属植物中,温带属有416个,约占54.7％,其代表属有:械属 (Acer L.)桦属(Betula L.),榛属(Corylus L.),柳属(Salix L.)及杨属     

9种杨属植物雄花序中黄酮类含量的HPLC法测定

杨树(杨柳科Ｓａｌｉｃａｃｅａｅ杨属ＰｏｐｕｌｕｓＬ.植物)树皮、雄花序、芽脂、叶等均可药用。1977年版《中国药典》收载加杨(Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓ×ｃａｎａｄｅｎｓｉｓＭｏｅｎｃｈ)、毛白杨(ＰｏｐｕｌｕｓｔｏｍｅｎｔｏｓａＣａｒｒ.)及杨属其他植物的雄花序,用于治?..     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.