染色质互作相关转录因子的挖掘及功能分析

染色质互作是真核生物基因组组装的基础,并且在调控真核基因细胞特异性表达中发挥重要作用.染色质互作的发生与特定的蛋白质有关,目前已经发现CTCF (CCCTC binding facor,转录阻抑物)和黏连蛋白与染色质互作相关,然而并不清楚是否还有其他蛋白质参与染色质互作.我们将整合高通量染色体构象捕获(Hi-C)和染色质免疫沉淀-测序(ChIP-seq)数据,在GM12878和K562细胞系中挖掘与染色质互作相关的转录因子,并对发现的转录因子做功能分析.我们在频繁发生互作的染色质位点中发现RUNX3、SPI1等转录因子也可能参与染色质互作.另外,通过FP-growth的数据挖掘方法还发现多个转录因子可能协同作用参与染色质互作.研究结果将为染色质互作相关实验的开展提供先验知识.     

Genomic landscape of CpG rich elements in human

Background

The studies on CpG islands (CGI) and Alu elements functions, evolution, and distribution in the genome started since the discovery in nineteen eighties (1981, 1986, correspondingly). Their highly skewed genome wide distribution implies the non-random retrotransposition pattern. Besides CGIs in gene promoters, CGIs clusters were observed in the homeobox gene regions and in the macrosatellites, but the whole picture of their distribution specifics was not grasped. Attempts to identify any causative features upon their (genome wide) distribution, such as the DNA context mediated preferred insertion sites of Alu repeats, have been made to ascribe their clusters location.

Methods

Recent emergence of high resolution 3D map of human genome allowed segregating the genome into the large scale chromatin domains of naturally observable nuclear subcompartments, or Topologically Associated Domains (TADs), designated by spatial chromatin distribution. We utilized the chromatin map to elucidate relations between large scale chromatin state and CpG rich elements landscape.In the course of analysis it was confirmed that genes, Alu and CGI clusters maintain obvious, albeit different in strength, preference for open chromatin. For the first time it was clearly shown that the clusters density of the Alu and CGIs monotonically depend on the chromatin accessibility rate. In particular, the highest density of these elements is found in A1 euchromatin regions characterized by a high density of small length genes replicating in the early S-phase. It implies that these elements mediate (CGIs) or are a side element (Alus) of chromatin accessibility.

Results

We elucidated that both methylated and non-methylated CGIs display the affinity to chromatin accessibility. As a part of comparative genomics section, we elucidated that the dog’s genome non-canonical structure, outstanding in mammals for its high CGIs abundance compared to gene number, is explained by the presence of dense tandem CGI extended hotspots (500 kb on average) in subtelomeric and pericentromeric regions with highly skewed CG content, and not by CGIs global distribution pattern shift.

Conclusions

The study underlines the close association of CG-rich elements distribution with the newly introduced large scale chromatin state map, proposing a refined standpoint on interrelation of aforementioned genome elements and the chromatin state. To our expertise, the TAD-associated partition model employed in the study is likely the most substantial one regarding CpG rich clusters distribution among the whole genome chromatin/isochores maps available.