中国栎属植物花粉形态及其系统学意义

从系统学分类学的角度出发 ,对国产栎属 31个种的花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。研究结果表明栎属的花粉萌发孔对该属的系统与分类无太大的参考价值 ;但栎属的花粉纹饰有颗粒状、聚颗粒状两种主要类型 ,具有重要的系统学分类学价值。花粉形态的研究结果支持将栎属植物划分为常绿类与落叶类的观点 ;栎属巴东栎组植物的花粉纹饰在种间存在分化 ,花粉形态的研究结果支持将巴东栎组至少划分为两个不同类群的观点 ;在佐以其他证据的情况下 ,栎属植物的花粉纹饰还具有重要的分类学价值     

中国东属植物花粉形态及其系统学意义

从系统学分类学的角度出发,对国产栎属31个种的花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。研究结果表明栎属的花粉萌发孔对该属的系统与分类无太大的参考价值;但栎属的花粉纹饰有颗粒状,聚粒状两种主要类型,具有重要的系统学分类学价值。花粉形态的研究结果支持将栎属植物划分为常绿类与落叶类的观点,栎属巴东栎组植物的花粉纹饰在种间存在分化,花粉形态的研究结果支持将巴东栎组至少划分为两个不同类群的观点;在佐以其他证据的情况下,栎属植物的花粉纹饰还具有重要的分类学价值。     

中国柽柳科（Tamaricaceae）花粉形态研究及其分类意义的探讨

研究观察了中国柽柳科（Tamaricaceae)4属27种植物的花粉形态。中国柽柳科植物花粉为三沟类型,无三拟孔沟类型,形态及外壁雕纹属间差异明显。根据花粉资料,探讨了属间的进化关系和分类地位及本科植物花粉外壁的演化途径。     

中国薯蓣属花粉形态的初步研究

本文作者对我国的薯蓣属Dioscorea L. 5组33种植物的花粉形态,用光学显微镜进行 了系统的观察,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了其中一些代表类型。本属花粉有二种类型,即单沟 型和双沟型。单沟型为原始型,双沟型则为进化类型。花粉资料支持了目前对该属分类的意见。     

四川前胡属的花粉形态及系统学意义

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了前胡属Peucedanum L．7种植物的花粉形态。研究结果表明：该属花粉为三棱长球形;三孔沟,边孔;外壁两层,层次分明。根据花粉形态可归为：矩形型和赤道收缩形型二个类型,其演化趋势为矩形型→赤道收缩形型。研究结果支持了关于前胡属在伞形科中是一个较自然和较进化的类群的观点。本文从孢粉学角度还初步分析了该属的属下系统,为该属的系统学研究提供基础资料。     

四川前胡属的花粉形态及系统学意义

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了前胡属 Peucedanum L.7种植物的花粉形态 .研究结果表明 :该属花粉为三棱长球形 ;三孔沟 ,边孔 ;外壁两层 ,层次分明 .根据花粉形态可归为 :矩形型和赤道收缩形型二个类型 ,其演化趋势为矩形型→赤道收缩形型 .研究结果支持了关于前胡属在伞形科中是一个较自然和较进化的类群的观点 .本文从孢粉学角度还初步分析了该属的属下系统 ,为该属的系统学研究提供基础资料     

东亚与北美当归属花粉形态的比较研究

对东亚与北美当归属（ＡｎｇｅｌｉｃａＬ．）７２种植物的花粉形态特征进行了观察,表明当归属的花粉为一多类型的类群,包含伞形科全部６种花粉类型,说明该属既是一个古老的属,同时又是在发展中不断演化的属。东亚和北美的共有种表明两地区的当归属十分近缘。从两地区存在着古老的姊妹群推断它们共同起源于白垩纪到老第三纪。中国的四川和北美的西北部同为当归属的起源和演化中心。花粉特征还表明当归属的近缘属山芹属（ＯｓｔｅｒｉｃｕｍＭａｘｉｍ．）为一自然的分类群     

侧金盏花属（Adonis L.）植物花粉形态研究

本文利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对国产9种1变种及外国产8种侧金盏花属植物的花粉形态进行了研究,认为该属的花粉可以划分为2个大类型,这与根据外部形态分类划分的两个组是吻合的。另外根据本届花粉形态的变异,又将其中的1个大类型划分为4个亚类型。为进一步讨论该属的系统关系提供依据。 侧金盏花属植物是隶属于毛莨科毛莨族中的一个小属,约有30余种,分布于欧、亚大陆。我国有10种、1变种和2变型,分布于西南、西北、东北和山西等省区。本属植物的花粉形态过去在文献上曾有一些记载,如R.P.Wodhouse(1936)对本属的夏侧金盏花A.aestivalis)和A.vernalis进行了研究。《中国植物花粉形态》(1960)一书仅借助于光学显微镜描述了侧金盏花(A.amurensis)的花粉形态。T.Santisuk(1979)对本属12种(其中有4种产中国)的花粉形态进行了观察研究。但是,以上学者只是对本属植物的花粉形态作了轮廓性和描述和简单的讨论。他们报道该属的花粉为椭圆形或球形,具三沟、沟长而狭,轮廓不显著,沟膜具颗粒状雕纹;外壁分二层,外层厚,表面具刺状雕纹等。本文对国产的9种1变种以及外国的8种花粉形态分别利用了光学显微镜和扫描电镜进行了观察研究。     

大戟科现代植物花粉形态

对大戟科21属33种植物的现代花粉形态进行了系统的形态学研究。选取的33种大戟科植物基本涵盖了该科绝大部分花粉形态类型。根据花粉的大小、形状、外壁表面纹饰, 结合大戟科亚科分类, 对该科花粉形态特征进行详细对比和分析。结果表明, 每个亚科都有其独特的花粉形态, 各亚科可以根据花粉形态来鉴别。此外, 大戟科多个属(如野桐属、山麻杆属、叶下珠属等)的植物花粉形态特征较明显, 可以鉴定到属甚至种一级水平。研究结果不仅为大戟科花粉形态分类学提供了依据, 同时为地层孢粉分析中花粉的鉴定提供参考。     

我国罂粟科(Papaveraceae)植物的花粉形态

本文用光学显微镜对我国16属60种5变种罂粟科植物花粉形态进行了系统地观察研究。其中对15属27种进行了扫描观察。本科花粉形态为多类型。3沟为原始的、基本的花粉类型。根据萌发孔的形状、数目和特征,将罂粟科的花粉分为2沟,3沟,4-6沟、散沟、散孔和无萌发孔6个花粉类型。根据孢粉学资料,本文对绿绒蒿属(Meconopsis Vig.)花粉粒和其它器官的进化趋势,罂粟科在进化上的亲缘关系和本科花粉萌发孔的演化趋向等问题进行了讨论。     

Studies On the Pollen Morphology of the Genus Iris in China

In this paper, pollen grains of 32 species of the genus Iris in China were examined under light microscope and scanning elrctron microscope. Pollen grains in Iris of China are navicular or subspheroidal. According to the characters of aperture and shape, pollen grains may be divided into four types: (1) Monocolpate (distal): pollen grains navicular or subspheroidal, exine reticulate. (2) Monocolpate-colpoidal: pollen grains subspheroidal, exine pilate. (3) 2-syncolpate: polen grains subspheroidal or navicular, exine reticulate. (4) No aperture: pollen grains subspheroidal; exine verrucate. The evolutional trends of aperture and exine ornamentation are traced and systematic po-sitions of some species are discussed based on characteristics of pollen grains and other organs.     

中国丁香属花粉形态的研究

本文利用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜,研究了丁香代表植物11种和2变种的花粉形态,并对花粉的形态特征用电子计算机进行了主分量分析,同时将计算结果作了二维与三维排序,结果表明:(1)丁香属植物花粉形态在光学显微镜下种间区别甚微,而在电镜下的区别则很明显,可做为分种的依据,尤其对形态上难以区分的种类更为适用;(2)所做花粉除欧丁香外,其余花粉均为三孔沟型,对前人的工作作了一定的修正;(3)通过主分量分析,指出了花粉孔的长宽比、沟长及网眼大小是本属花粉分类的主要成分;(4)试图通过主分量的二维和三维排序,为属下分组、分种提供新的观点和依据。     

Pollen Morphology of Cyclobalanopsis and Its Relation to Quercus

The present paper deals with pollen morphology of 19 species belonging to Cyclobalanopsis and of 31 species belonging to Quercus from China. All pollen grains were examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope, and those of 4 species of Cyclobalanopsis and of 8 species of Quercus were examined under transmission electron microscope. Pollen grains of Cyclobalanopsis are spheroidal or subspheroidal, 25.2(18.9-31.5) ×23.1 (16.8-27.3) μm in size. Mostly 3-colporoidate, rarely 3-colpate or 3-colporate. The exine is 2-layered, 1.1-1.9 μm thick, sexine thicker than nexine, finely granulate under LM, granulate, spinulate, verrucate under SEM. Pollen grains of Cyclobalanopsis and of evergreen members of Quercus are very similar to each other in size, aperture and ornamentation of exine, but there are some differences in pollen grains between Cyclobalanopsis and deciduous members of Quercus. Therefore, Pollenmorphology supports the treatment of Cyclobalanopsis as a subgenus of Querc     

Studies on Pollen Morphology in Tiliaceae of China

Pollen morphology of 44 species representing 9 genera of Tiliaceae in China was examined under light microscope, 10 of them were observed with scanning electron microscope. Nine genera involved in this paper are: Colona. Corchoropsis, Corchorus, Excentrodendron, Grewia, Hainannia, Microcos, Tilia and Triumfetta The pollen grains of Tiliaceae are eurypalynous. Based on the aperture type and ornamentation, they may be grouped into four types: (1) The Grewia type, pollen grains tricolporate: Colona, Corchorus, Grewia, Microcos and Triumfetta, (2) The Tilia type, pollen grains brevitricolporate: Hainania and Tilia, (3) The Corchoropsis type, pollen grains triporate, spinate: Corchoropsis, and (4) The Excentrodendron type, pollen grains triporate, reticulate: Exce ntrodendron. The significance of pollen morphology in taxonomy of Tiliaceae is discussed. The palynological data seem to support the separation of Microcos from Grewia and the transfer of Corchoropsis to Sterculiaceae from Tiliaceae.     

葫芦科8属11种植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电子显微镜,对葫芦科8属10种1变种植物的花粉形态进行观察研究。结果显示:冬瓜属、葫芦属和栝楼属的花粉粒为近球形,具3孔沟;苦瓜属、西瓜属和丝瓜属的花粉粒为长球形,具3沟;黄瓜属的花粉粒为近球形,具3孔;南瓜属的花粉粒为球形,具散孔。花粉粒大小、形状和外壁雕纹属、种间差异显著。     

A Study on Pollen Morphology and Ultrastructure of Subfamily Castaneoideae (Fagaceae) in China

The present paper describes the pollen morphology of 45 species of the subfamily Castaneoifeae (including genera Castanea, Castanopsis and Lithocarpus) from China. The pollen grains were all examined with light microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Pollen grains of the subfamily are prolate, subprolate or perprolate, (14.7-23.1)× (8.4 -18.9) μm in size, 3-colporate, the exine in 2-layered, 0.9-1.9μm thick, indistinctly ornate, striate-rugulose or crass-striate, sexine and nexine almost equal in thickness, the sexine consists of tectum, bacules and endonexine under TEM. On the basis of very similar pollen shape, pollen size, type of aperture and exine structure and also other characteristics of plant morphology of the genera Castanea, Castanopsis and Lithocarpus, the present authors tend to support the opinion that they all fall into the samesubfamily, Castaneoideae.     

Pollen Morphology of Xyridaceae Systematic (Poales) and its Potential

Xyridaceae are a predominantly tropical family of five genera that exhibit two pollen morphologies often considered to be of taxonomic importance. Xyris comprises about 95% of the species and is characterized by medium to large, elliptic, sulcate pollen grains. The other pollen class is spheroidal grains without an evident aperture. Many of the species with spheroidal grains have remarkably large and ornamented pollen found to be species specific in earlier research. A scanning electron microscopy investigation of 23 taxa representing all genera with spheroidal pollen revealed new data to further distinguish the genera based on pollen characters. Reliable specific pollen characters need to be evaluated in a statistical study.     

新疆石竹属8种植物的花粉形态

利用扫描电镜对8种石竹属（Dianthus）植物的花粉形态进行了观察。结果表明:本属植物花粉为单粒花粉,圆球形,大小为30.5~44.0 μm,具多个萌发孔,孔数为12~16个,分散,孔圆形,孔径4.1~7.0 μm,具孔膜,孔膜上着生有若干棵小刺,花粉外壁具刺状和穴状纹饰,表面有或无穿孔。研究表明：花粉大小、表面纹饰、特别是萌发孔的形态特征存在较明显差异。可为石竹属植物的分类及野生资源利用等相关研究提供了可靠的孢粉学参考。     

Pollen aperture heteromorphism. Variation in pollen-type proportions along altitudinal transects in Viola calcarata.

Some species produce pollen grains with different aperture numbers within a single individual (pollen aperture heteromorphism). In the pansy Viola diversifolia, aperture number is positively correlated with pollen germination speed, and negatively correlated with viability. In V. calcarata, young five-aperturate pollen grains germinate faster than four-aperturate ones. Heteromorphism could thus be favoured when pollination is unpredictable, as plants produce both very competitive and long-lived pollen grains. Depending on the efficiency of the pollinators, different proportions of pollen types will be optimal. In insect-pollinated species, such as V. calcarata, pollination efficiency generally decreases as elevation increases. We therefore expect a decrease in mean aperture number as altitude increases. This was found in four transects (out of six). Pollinator activity therefore has a potential impact on pollen morphology.     

中国菟丝子属植物花粉的扫描电镜观察

本文作者用扫描电镜(SEM)对国产菟丝子属(Cuscuta L.)10种植物的花粉形态进行了观察。具3沟萌发孔的花粉为本属基本类型。根据萌发孔的数目,外壁纹饰等特征,该属花粉可划分为三个类型:(1)具3沟,外壁具穿孔,表面散生小刺状突起;(2)具3—5沟,外壁具网状纹饰,网脊上散生小刺状突起;(3)具3—6沟,外壁具小刺状突起,穿孔偶见。本文观察结果与刘炳仑等曾报道过光学显微镜(LM)下的结果不完全一致。最后,对菟丝子属的花粉形态的演化趋势以及属内亚属间关系进行了讨论。