糖尿病肾病患者CD147的表达和意义

摘要 目的：研究CD147在2型糖尿病肾病不同分期的表达,分析CD147与疾病进展的关系和意义。方法：选择2017年1月至2017年12月于陕西省人民医院肾病内科和内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病患者为研究组,根据糖尿病肾病的诊断标准分为微量白蛋白尿组（A组）,大量白蛋白尿组（B组）,肾功能损害组（C组）,以及糖尿病正常白蛋白尿为对照组（D组）,收集受试者的临床资料,采用ELISA方法检测各组研究对象的血清及尿液CD147、血清转化生长因子(transforming growth factor beta,TGF-β1)并进行对比分析。结果：A组、B组、C组的血清CD147,尿CD147逐渐升高,C组与A组、B、D组相比,有统计学显著性差异（P<0.05）,B组与A组及D组相比,有统计学显著性差异（P<0.05）。C组血TGFβ1与A组、B组、D组相比,有统计学显著性差异（P<0.05）。糖尿病肾病患者血清CD147与尿CD147呈正相关关系,相关系数r为0.618（P<0.01）,糖尿病肾病患者血清CD147与UACR呈正相关关系,相关系数r为0.503(P<0.01),与eGFR呈负相关关系,相关系数r为-0.557(P<0.05)。尿CD147水平与UACR呈正相关关系,相关系数r为0.425（P<0.01）与eGFR呈负相关关系,相关系数r为-0.312(P<0.05)。血TGFβ1水平与eGFR呈负相关关系,相关系数r为-0.22(P<0.05)。结论：CD147与糖尿病肾病进展有关,并对糖尿病肾病间质纤维化诊断具有一定的早期诊断价值。     

脂蛋白脂肪酶基因敲除对急性高脂血症性胰腺炎所致肺损伤的影响及其机制研究

摘要 目的：研究脂蛋白脂肪酶（lipoprotein lipase,LPL）基因敲除对雨蛙素诱导的高脂血症急性胰腺炎小鼠肺损伤的影响。方法：将C57BL/6小鼠分为三组,Control组和AP-Model组为野生型C57 BL/6小鼠,LPL ko组为LPL基因敲除C57 BL/6小鼠;Control组小鼠正常饲养,AP-Model和LPL ko组小鼠建立高脂血症性急性胰腺炎模型,比较三组小鼠死亡率、胰腺和肺病理损伤以及血清淀粉酶（amylase, AMY）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α）和白介素-6（Interleukin-6, IL-6）含量。结果：急性胰腺炎建立48 h后,Control组、AP-Model组和LPL ko组小鼠死亡率分别为0 %、20 %和40 %。与Control组相比,AP-Model组和LPL ko组小鼠急性胰腺炎诱导24和48 h后的胰腺和肺组织湿/干重比值,胰腺和肺组织病理评分,血清AMY、MDA、TNF-α和IL-6含量均显著升高（P<0.05）;与AP-Model组相比,LPL ko组小鼠急性胰腺炎诱导24和48 h后的胰腺和肺组织湿/干重比值,胰腺和肺组织病理评分,血清AMY、MDA、TNF-α和IL-6含量均显著升高（P<0.05）。结论：LPL基因敲除小鼠急性高脂血症性胰腺炎肺损伤更严重,其机制可能与LPL基因敲除引起更强的氧化应激和炎症有关。     

柚皮苷和木犀草素联合应用对大鼠BMSCs诱导成骨过程中Wnt/β-cantein通路相关基因表达的影响

摘要 目的：探讨柚皮苷和木犀草素联合应用对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）诱导成骨过程中Wnt/β-cantein通路相关基因表达的影响。方法：取大鼠股骨中提取的BMSCs,分别建立A组（空白组）、B组给予柚皮苷溶液10 μmol/L,C组给予木犀草素溶液5 μmol/L;D组给予骨碎补总黄酮溶液10 mg/mL;E组给予柚皮苷-木犀草素混合溶液配伍比为10 μmol/L：5 μmol/L,并诱导其向成骨细胞分化。应用碱性磷酸酶（ALP）染色及分光光度法检测第7 d各组细胞ALP活性。应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测第7 d各组细胞Wnt/β-cantein通路相关基因及成骨基因的表达。结果：B组、C组、D组、E组细胞562 nm波长下光密度（OD）值显著高于A组,E组细胞562 nm波长下OD值最高,显著高于B组、C组、D组（P＜0.05）。B组、C组、D组、E组细胞ALP、骨钙素（OCN）、Runt相关转录因子2（RUNX2）基因表达水平显著高于A组,E组ALP、OCN、RUNX2基因表达水平最高,显著高于B组、C组、D组（P＜0.05）。B组、C组、D组、E组细胞β-catenin、Cyclin D1基因表达水平显著高于A组;B组、E组LEF-1基因表达水平显著高于A组;E组β-catenin、LEF-1、Cyclin D1基因表达水平最高,显著高于B组、C组、D组（P＜0.05）。结论：柚皮苷和木犀草素均具有促进大鼠BMSCs增殖和诱导其成骨向分化的作用,柚皮苷和木犀草素联合应用诱导大鼠BMSCs增成骨作用最强,其主要机制与Wnt/β-cantein通路激活有关。     

门冬胰岛素、地特胰岛素、甘精胰岛素分别联合二甲双胍对糖尿病孕妇妊娠结局的影响

摘要 目的：探究门冬胰岛素、地特胰岛素、甘精胰岛素分别联合二甲双胍对糖尿病孕妇妊娠结局的影响。方法：随机抽取本院400例妊娠期糖尿病产妇为研究对象，按照简单随机法分为对照组（n=100例）、试验A组（n=100例）、试验B组（n=100例）和试验C组（n=100例）。对照组采用口服二甲双胍治疗，试验A、B、C组，分别采用门冬胰岛素、地特胰岛素、甘精胰岛素联合二甲双胍治疗。对比四组产妇的分娩方式，各产程时间，体重指数（BMI）、随机血糖、内脂素、脂联素的水平，妊娠并发症发生率，新生儿结局。结果：试验A、B、C组的自然分娩率均高于对照组（P<0.05），且试验A组的自然分娩率均高于试验B组、试验C组（P<0.05），试验B组、试验C组的自然分娩率对比无差异（P>0.05）；对照组、试验A、B、C组自然分娩产妇的第一产程、第二产程、第三产程时间对比无差异（P>0.05）；试验A、B、C组的BMI指数、随机血糖、内脂素、脂联素的水平均低于对照组（P<0.05），且试验A组的BMI指数、随机血糖、内脂素、脂联素的水平均低于试验B组、试验C组（P<0.05），试验B组、试验C组的BMI指数、随机血糖、内脂素、脂联素的水平对比无差异（P>0.05）；试验A、B、C组的妊娠并发症发生率均低于对照组（P<0.05），且试验A组的妊娠并发症发生率低于试验B组、试验C组（P<0.05），试验B组、试验C组的妊娠并发症发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）；试验A、B、C组的新生儿不良结局发生率均低于对照组（P<0.05），且试验A组的新生儿不良结局发生率低于试验B组、试验C组（P<0.05），试验B组、试验C组的新生儿不良结局发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：门冬胰岛素、地特胰岛素、甘精胰岛素分别联合二甲双胍均能够提高糖尿病孕妇妊娠的自然分娩率，降低BMI指数、随机血糖、内脂素、脂联素的水平，降低妊娠并发症发生率，改良新生儿不良结局，其中门冬胰岛素的疗效最好，具有较强的临床推广价值。     

不同剂量羟考酮复合右美托咪定麻醉对肺癌根治术患者自控静脉镇痛效应及免疫应答的影响

摘要 目的：观察不同剂量羟考酮复合右美托咪定麻醉在肺癌根治术患者中的临床应用效果。方法：采用随机数字表法,将2017年3月~2020年12月期间在我院行肺癌根治术的肺癌患者（n=140）分为A组（1.0 mg/kg羟考酮）、B组（2.5 μg/kg右美托咪定、1.0 mg/kg羟考酮）、C组（2.5 μg/kg右美托咪定、0.75 mg/kg羟考酮）、D组（2.5 μg/kg右美托咪定、0.5 mg/kg羟考酮）,各为35例。观察四组患者的血流动力学、免疫应答、镇痛效应满意度及不良反应发生率。结果：C组、D组术后2 h（T1）~术后6 h（T2）时间点心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）小于A组、B组（P<0.05）。而A组、B组之间和C组、D组之间的T1、T2时间点HR、MAP组间对比差异不显著（P>0.05）。A组、D组的镇痛效应满意度小于C组和B组（P<0.05）。而A组、D组之间和C组、B组之间的镇痛效应满意度组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。C组、D组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于A组、B组;CD8⁺则低于A组、B组（P<0.05）。而C组、D组之间、A组、B组之间的CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺组间对比差异不显著（P>0.05）。C组的不良反应发生率小于A组、B组、D组（P<0.05）。结论：羟考酮复合右美托咪定麻醉用于肺癌根治术患者,以0.75 mg/kg羟考酮+2.5 μg/kg右美托咪定的效果最好,可获得较好的镇痛效应满意度,稳定血流动力学,减轻免疫抑制,安全可靠。     

扶正方对Lewis肺癌小鼠免疫功能、PI3K/AKT信号通路和外周血IL-2、IL-6、INF-γ的影响

摘要 目的：观察扶正方对Lewis肺癌小鼠免疫功能、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（AKT）信号通路和外周血白细胞介素（IL）-2、IL-6、γ干扰素（INF-γ）的影响。方法：将40只Lewis肺癌小鼠随机分为模型组（M组）、扶正方低剂量组（A组）、扶正方高剂量组（B组）、顺铂组（S组）,每组10只,A组、B组分别给予扶正方0.4 mL/20 g、0.8 mL/20 g灌胃,M组给予生理盐水0.4 mL/20 g灌胃,S组给予顺铂1 mg/mL,0.4 mL灌胃,连续14d,比较各组小鼠一般情况、肿瘤重量,胸腺指数、脾脏指数、脾脏CD3⁺细胞、CD4⁺细胞、CD8⁺细胞比例细胞百分比,鼠肿瘤组织PI3K/AKT信号通路蛋白表达水平及外周血IL-2、IL-6、INF-γ水平。结果：A组、B组、S组小鼠肿瘤重量低于M组,S组小鼠肿瘤重量低于A组、B组（P<0.05）,治疗前各组小鼠体重比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）,治疗后A组、B组小鼠体重高于S组、M组（P<0.05）。A组、B组小鼠胸腺指数显著高于M组、S组（P<0.05）。A组、B组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺显著高于M组、S组,CD8⁺显著低于M组、S组（P<0.05）,B组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺显著高于A组,CD8⁺低于A组（P<0.05）。A组、B组、S组小鼠肿瘤组织PI3K蛋白、AKT蛋白表达水平显著低于M组（P<0.05）。A组、B组、S组小鼠外周血IL-2、INF-γ水平显著高于M组,IL-6水平显著低于M组（P<0.05）。结论：扶正方可以提升Lewis肺癌小鼠免疫功能,调节IL-2、IL-6、INF-γ细胞因子水平,抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路起到抗肺癌的作用。     

冠心病合并糖尿病患者外周血巨噬细胞中脂质稳态与动脉粥样硬化指数的关联研究

摘要 目的：探究冠心病合并糖尿病患者外周血巨噬细胞中脂质稳态与动脉粥样硬化指数的关联机制。方法：2015年1月至2020年9月,筛选78名2型冠心病合并糖尿病患者,根据血糖变异度分为3组：A组、B组及C组。检测总胆固醇（TC）,甘油三酯（TG）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）和超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）。评估动脉粥样硬化指数（AI）和冠状动脉狭窄程度,并分析其相关性及独立危险因素。结果：B组较A组TC、LDL-C和AI升高,HDL-C降低,B组较C组TC、LDL-C和AI降低,HDL-C升高（P<0.05）。B组较A组hs-CRP、FINS、TG值升高,B组较C组hs-CRP、FINS、TG值降低（P<0.05）。B组较A组HOMA-IR值升高,B组较C组HOMA-IR值降低（P<0.05）。B组较A组AI和冠脉Gensini评分值升高,B组较C组AI和冠脉Gensini评分降低（P<0.05）。Person线性相关分析显示：hs-CRP、TG、Gensini评分、HOMA-IR值与AI正相关（P<0.05）。在逻辑回归模型中,结果显示：hs-CRP、TG、Gensini评分、HOMA-IR值是AI的独立危险因素。结论：Gensini评分与AI呈正相关,且hs-CRP、TG、Gensini评分、HOMA-IR值AI的独立危险因素。     

基于JAK2/STAT3信号通路探讨头针结合艾灸对缺血缺氧脑瘫幼鼠模型的影响及作用机制

摘要 目的：基于JAK2/STAT3信号通路探讨头针结合艾灸对缺血缺氧脑瘫幼鼠模型的影响及作用机制。方法：选取40只7 d龄的清洁级SD幼鼠,按随机数字表法分为A组、B组、C组、D组、E组,每组8只。E组不予以任何处理,其余各组幼鼠均以改良的缺氧缺血性脑病造模方法构建缺血缺氧脑瘫模型。造模成功后A组、B组、C组分别给予头针结合艾灸治疗、头针治疗、艾灸治疗,D组、E组均给予50 ?滋L生理盐水。对比各组幼鼠脑组织Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶2（JAK2）及转录活化因子3（STAT3）蛋白表达量、血清炎症因子[白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子--α（TNF-α）、白介素-1（IL-1）]水平、神经递质[去甲肾上腺素（NE）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）]水平、记忆功能。结果：A组脑组织JAK2、STAT3 蛋白表达量低于B、C、D组,但高于E组（P<0.05）;A组血清IL-6、IL-1和TNF-α水平低于B、C、D组,但高于E组（P<0.05）;A组血清NE、5-HT水平低于B、C、D组,但高于E组（P<0.05）;A组Y迷宫实验正确次数多于B、C、D组（P<0.05）,而少于E组（P<0.05）。结论：头针结合艾灸可通过靶向抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路相关蛋白的表达下调机体炎症反应水平,从而降低缺血缺氧脑瘫幼鼠脑组织损伤,促进其记忆功能恢复。     

IGF-1联合BMP-2对糖尿病合并骨质疏松股骨骨折大鼠中的骨折愈合影响分析

摘要 目的：探讨胰岛素生长因子-1（insulin-like growth factor, IGF-1）联合骨形态发生蛋白（bone morphogenetic protein,BMP）-2对糖尿病合并骨质疏松股骨骨折大鼠中的骨折愈合影响。方法：8周龄雌性SD大鼠60只,饲养一周后根据随机数字表法进行分组,每组12只,之后进行造模,造模成功50只,成功率为83.33 %。将其分为5组,包括正常组（n=10）,糖尿病+卵巢切除+骨折组（n=9）,糖尿病+卵巢切除+骨折+ IGF-1组（骨折处注射IGF 30 μg/kg,n=11）,糖尿病+卵巢切除+骨折+BMP-2组（骨折处注射100 μL BMP-2基因慢病毒1×10⁸,n=10）、糖尿病+卵巢切除+骨折+IGF-1+BMP-2组（参照上述,n=10）,其余进行等剂量溶剂注射,均连续注射两天。分组处理6周后,观察5组大鼠的一般情况。对比5组大鼠的血清钙、骨钙素、碱性磷酸酶水平,对比5组的最大应力、最大载荷及刚度,检测5组大鼠组织中的IGF-1、BMP-2及TGF-β1 mRNA表达水平。结果：A组大鼠无明显异常反应,大鼠体重逐渐增加,大小便、饮食均正常,毛色光亮;B、C、D、E组大鼠精神萎靡、反应迟缓、毛色光亮性较差、体重无明显减轻或增加、大鼠的饮水量、饮食增加,多尿症状较为明显。5组大鼠的血清钙、骨钙素、碱性磷酸酶水平：B组结论：IGF-1联合BMP-2可促进糖尿病合并骨质疏松股骨骨折大鼠中的骨折愈合。     

中老年男性2型糖尿病患者不同年龄段的骨代谢情况

摘要 目的：探讨中老年男性2型糖尿病患者不同年龄段的骨代谢的情况。方法：选取中老年男性2型糖尿病患者203人,按年龄分为50-59岁组(A组)、60-69岁组（B组）、70-80岁组（C组）,测定各组的身体质量指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、收缩压（SDP）、舒张压（DBP)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HD L-c)、骨钙素(OC)、I型前胶原氨基末端前肽(P1NP)、I型胶原交联C-末端肽(CTX)和骨密度（BMD）。结果：C组的OC、P1NP低于A组、B组,CTX高于A组、B组,C组的病程长于A组、B组,B组的病程长于A组,B、C组股骨颈的BMD值低于A组,C组L4的BMD值高于A、B组,P均<0.05。3组的HbA1c、BMI、股骨干、全髋、L1、L2、L3的BMD值无统计学差异（P>0.05）。相关分析显示：年龄与糖尿病病程（r=0.284,P<0.001）、BMI成正相关（r=0.193,P=0.007）;OC与P1NP正相关（r=0.465,P<0.001）,与CTX（r=-0.312,P=0.002）、糖尿病病程（r=-0.264,P<0.001）、BMI（r=-0.425,P<0.001）负相关;P1NP与CTX（r=-0.341,P<0.001）、糖尿病病程（r=-0.206,P=0.004）、BMI（r=-0.468,P<0.001）负相关;CTX与糖尿病病程（r=0.171,P=0.017）、BMI（r=0.443,P<0.001）正相关。结论：中老年男性2型糖尿病患者中,骨代谢指标与BMI、糖尿病病程相关,与年龄关系不明显。     

硫辛酸通过激活PI3K/Akt通路保护帕金森小鼠神经元的作用研究

目的:明确硫辛酸(lipoic acid,LA)是否通过活化脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(Phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Protein kinase B,PI3K/Akt)通路保护小鼠帕金森(Parkinson's disease,PD)神经元损伤。方法:将130只健康C57BL雄性小鼠随机分为PD模型组(A组)、PD模型自然恢复组(B组)、硫辛酸干预组(C组)、硫辛酸加阻滞剂干预组(D组),对照组(E组)。采用免疫组化方法检测黑质内酪氨酸羟化酶(Tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)阳性细胞数,Western Blot方法检测中脑TH、总Akt和p-Akt蛋白表达,相应试剂盒检测中脑内GSH(Glutathione)和MDA(Malondialdehyde)的含量。结果:(1)与E组比较,A组TH阳性细胞数显著减少(P0.01),B组、D组明显减少(P0.05),C组无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)与E组比较,A组、B组TH蛋白表达显著减少(P0.01),C组、D组TH表达明显减少(P0.05);分别与A组、B组比较,C组TH表达显著增多(P0.01),D组无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)与E组比较,A组、B组、D组中脑内p-AKT表达显著减少(P0.01),C组差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05);分别与A组、B组比较,C组pAkt表达显著增多(P0.01),D差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)与E组比较,C组中脑GSH水平明显增加(P0.05),A组、B组明显减少(P0.05),D组差异无统计学意义(P0.05;与E组比较,A组、B组MDA表达显著增加(P0.01),C组、D组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:硫辛酸可能通过激活PI3K/Akt通路,减轻氧化应激损伤,进而发挥其保护神经元的作用。     

Activating adenosine A1 receptor accelerates PC12 cell injury via ADORA1/PKC/KATP pathway after intermittent hypoxia exposure

Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs in different catabolic conditions and mostly accompanied with upregulation of Muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1) gene which is one of the master regulatory genes in muscle atrophy. Taurine amino acid is widely distributed in different tissues and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential influence of taurine on muscle atrophy induced by reduced mechanical loading. Twenty-eight Albino mice were used, and divided equally into four groups: group I (control); group II (immobilization); group III (immobilization?+?taurine); and group IV (taurine). Quadriceps muscle sections were taken for histopathology, immunohistochemical analysis of caspase 3 expression, and qRT-PCR of MuRF1 gene. Our data revealed Zenker necrosis associated with axonal injury of the nerve trunk of the immobilized muscle together with increase of caspase 3 expression and upregulation of MuRF1 gene. While, taurine supplementation alleviated the muscular and neural tissues damage associated with disuse skeletal muscle atrophy through downregulation of MuRF1 gene and decrease of tissue caspase 3 expression. In conclusion, taurine may be helpful to counteract apoptosis and up-regulated MuRF1 gene expression related to muscle atrophy, which might be hopeful for a large number of patients.     

Heart failure increases atrogin-1 and MuRF1 gene expression in skeletal muscle with fiber type-specific atrophy

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by a reduced tolerance to exercise due to early fatigue and dyspnea; this may be due in part to skeletal muscle myopathy with a shift from slow to fast fibers and loss of muscle mass. Muscle wasting does not occur similarly in all types of muscle fiber, thus we tested the hypothesis that HF induces skeletal muscle atrophy in a fiber type-specific manner altering the expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in a fast muscle of rats with monocrotaline-induced heart failure. We studied extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle from both HF and control Wistar rats. Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA content were determined using Real-Time RT-qPCR while muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) from sections stained histochemically for myofibrillar ATPase were used as an index of type-specific fiber atrophy. The measurement of gene expression by RT-qPCR revealed that EDL muscle mRNA expression of MuRF1 and atrogin-1 was significantly increased in the HF group. Muscle fiber type IIB CSA decreased in the HF group compared to the CT group; there was no significant difference in muscle fiber types I and IIA/D CSA between the HF and CT groups. In conclusion, we showed that HF induces fiber type IIB specific atrophy, up-regulating atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA expression in EDL muscle of monocrotaline treated rats.     

不同方式运动对去负荷大鼠比目鱼肌收缩性能的影响*

目的: 探究有氧与抗阻运动对去负荷性肌萎缩大鼠比目鱼肌收缩特性及蛋白MuRF1,PGC-1α和FNDC5表达的影响以及可能的分子生物学机制。方法: 将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为恢复组(CT)、有氧运动组(A)、抗阻运动组(R)和对照组(C),每组6只。对照组不作任何实验处理,其余3组先进行2周尾部悬吊,而后恢复组安静恢复,有氧组与抗阻组进行2周运动干预。运动方案:有氧组大鼠采用65%最大摄氧量(VO₂max)对应的跑台速度,60 min/d,5 日/周;抗阻组大鼠负重65%最大有意负重(MVCC)爬梯,3次为一组,共5组,每次休息1 min,每组间歇2 min,5 日/周。最后一次运动后禁食24 h,取比目鱼肌观察组织学变化、测试收缩性能并检测MuRF1,PGC-1α和FNDC5表达情况。结果: 与对照组相比,恢复组大鼠体重、比目鱼肌湿重、肌纤维平均横截面积与肌收缩性能都明显降低(P<0.01),PGC-1α/FNDC5表达明显降低(P<0.01)和MuRF1表达明显升高(P<0.01);与恢复组相比,有氧组和抗阻组大鼠体重、比目鱼肌湿重、肌纤维平均横截面积与肌收缩性能都明显升高(P<0.01),PGC-1α/FNDC5表达明显升高(P<0.01)和MuRF1表达明显降低(P<0.01)。与有氧组相比,抗阻组大鼠比目鱼肌PGC-1α表达显著升高(P<0.05)且MuRF1表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结论: 有氧和抗阻运动可明显提高肌收缩性能,上调PGC-1α/FNDC5的表达,抑制MuRF1蛋白表达,表明有氧与抗阻运动改善去负荷性肌萎缩的分子机制可能与PGC-1α和MuRF1蛋白相关。     

四种不同手术方式治疗肝包虫病患者合并术后胆漏的疗效评价

目的:探讨四种不同手术方式治疗肝包虫病患者合并术后胆漏的疗效。方法:选取2015年12月至2017年6月间我院收治的肝包虫病患者103例,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组(行内囊摘除术,n=26例)、B组(行外囊完整剥除术,n=28例)、C组(行外囊次全切除术,n=25例)、D组(行肝部分切除术,n=24例)。比较各组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后带管时间、住院时间。统计并比较四组患者手术后胆漏的发生率及并发症情况。结果:四组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后带管时间、住院时间的整体比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组的手术时间、术中出血量明显少于B组、C组、D组,B组和C组的手术时间、术中出血量明显少于D组(P0.05);A组的术后带管时间明显多于B组、C组、D组,D组的术后带管时间明显多于B组、C组(P0.05);D组的住院时间明显多于A组、B组、C组,A组的住院时间明显多于B组、C组(P0.05)。A组的术后胆漏的发生率明显高于B组、C组、D组(P0.05)。四组的膈下感染、胸腔积液发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组残腔感染、残腔积液发生率高于B组、C组、D组(P0.05);D组的术后肝功能损害的发生率显著高于A组、B组、C组(P0.05)。结论:外科手术是治疗肝包虫病的主要方式,四种手术方式各有利弊,临床上应结合患者的实际情况选择最合适的手术方式。     

Cooperative control of striated muscle mass and metabolism by MuRF1 and MuRF2

The muscle-specific RING finger proteins MuRF1 and MuRF2 have been proposed to regulate protein degradation and gene expression in muscle tissues. We have tested the in vivo roles of MuRF1 and MuRF2 for muscle metabolism by using knockout (KO) mouse models. Single MuRF1 and MuRF2 KO mice are healthy and have normal muscles. Double knockout (dKO) mice obtained by the inactivation of all four MuRF1 and MuRF2 alleles developed extreme cardiac and milder skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Muscle hypertrophy in dKO mice was maintained throughout the murine life span and was associated with chronically activated muscle protein synthesis. During ageing (months 4-18), skeletal muscle mass remained stable, whereas body fat content did not increase in dKO mice as compared with wild-type controls. Other catabolic factors such as MAFbox/atrogin1 were expressed at normal levels and did not respond to or prevent muscle hypertrophy in dKO mice. Thus, combined inhibition of MuRF1/MuRF2 could provide a potent strategy to stimulate striated muscles anabolically and to protect muscles from sarcopenia during ageing.     

Down‐regulation of the mitochondrial i‐AAA protease Yme1L induces muscle atrophy via FoxO3a and myostatin activation

Muscle atrophy is closely associated with many diseases, including diabetes and cardiac failure. Growing evidence has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is related to muscle atrophy; however, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. To elucidate how mitochondrial dysfunction causes muscle atrophy, we used hindlimb‐immobilized mice. Mitochondrial function is optimized by balancing mitochondrial dynamics, and we observed that this balance shifted towards mitochondrial fission and that MuRF1 and atrogin‐1 expression levels were elevated in these mice. We also found that the expression of yeast mitochondrial escape 1‐like ATPase (Yme1L), a mitochondrial AAA protease was significantly reduced both in hindlimb‐immobilized mice and carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)‐treated C2C12 myotubes. When Yme1L was depleted in myotubes, the short form of optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) accumulated, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation. Moreover, a loss of Yme1L, but not of LonP1, activated AMPK and FoxO3a and concomitantly increased MuRF1 in C2C12 myotubes. Intriguingly, the expression of myostatin, a myokine responsible for muscle protein degradation, was significantly increased by the transient knock‐down of Yme1L. Taken together, our results suggest that a deficiency in Yme1L and the consequential imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics result in the activation of FoxO3a and myostatin, which contribute to the pathological state of muscle atrophy.     

Cardiac proteasome activity in muscle ring finger-1 null mice at rest and following synthetic glucocorticoid treatment

Muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1) is a muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been implicated in the regulation of cardiac mass through its control of the ubiquitin proteasome system. While it has been suggested that MuRF1 is required for cardiac atrophy, a resting cardiac phenotype has not been reported in mice with a null deletion [knockout (KO)] of MuRF1. Here, we report that MuRF1 KO mice have significantly larger hearts than age-matched wild-type (WT) littermates at ≥ 6 mo of age and that loss of cardiac mass can occur in the absence of MuRF1. The objective of this study was to determine whether changes in proteasome activity were responsible for the cardiac phenotypes observed in MuRF1 KO mice. Cardiac function, architecture, and proteasome activity were analyzed at rest and following 28 days of dexamethasone (Dex) treatment in 6-mo-old WT and MuRF1 KO mice. Echocardiography demonstrated normal cardiac function in the enlarged hearts in MURF1 KO mice. At rest, heart mass and cardiomyocyte diameter were significantly greater in MuRF1 KO than in WT mice. The increase in cardiac size in MuRF1 KO mice was related to a decrease in proteasome activity and an increase in Akt signaling relative to WT mice. Dex treatment induced a significant loss of cardiac mass in MuRF1 KO, but not WT, mice. Furthermore, Dex treatment resulted in an increase in proteasome activity in KO, but a decrease in WT, mice. In contrast, Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling decreased in MuRF1 KO mice and increased in WT mice in response to Dex treatment. These findings demonstrate that MuRF1 plays an important role in regulating cardiac size through alterations in protein turnover and that MuRF1 is not required to induce cardiac atrophy.     

Muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) as a connector of muscle energy metabolism and protein synthesis

During pathophysiological muscle wasting, a family of ubiquitin ligases, including muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1), has been proposed to trigger muscle protein degradation via ubiquitination. Here, we characterized skeletal muscles from wild-type (WT) and MuRF1 knockout (KO) mice under amino acid (AA) deprivation as a model for physiological protein degradation, where skeletal muscles altruistically waste themselves to provide AAs to other organs. When WT and MuRF1 KO mice were fed a diet lacking AA, MuRF1 KO mice were less susceptible to muscle wasting, for both myocardium and skeletal muscles. Under AA depletion, WT mice had reduced muscle protein synthesis, while MuRF1 KO mice maintained nonphysiologically elevated levels of skeletal muscle protein de novo synthesis. Consistent with a role of MuRF1 for muscle protein turnover during starvation, the concentrations of essential AAs, especially branched-chain AAs, in the blood plasma significantly decreased in MuRF1 KO mice under AA deprivation. To clarify the molecular roles of MuRF1 for muscle metabolism during wasting, we searched for MuRF1-associated proteins using pull-down assays and mass spectrometry. Muscle-type creatine kinase (M-CK), an essential enzyme for energy metabolism, was identified among the interacting proteins. Coexpression studies revealed that M-CK interacts with the central regions of MuRF1 including its B-box domain and that MuRF1 ubiquitinates M-CK, which triggers the degradation of M-CK via proteasomes. Consistent with MuRF1's role of adjusting CK activities in skeletal muscles by regulating its turnover in vivo, we found that CK levels were significantly higher in the MuRF1 KO mice than in WT mice. Glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein-1 and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, previously identified as potential MuRF1-interacting proteins, were also ubiquitinated MuRF1-dependently. Taken together, these data suggest that, in a multifaceted manner, MuRF1 participates in the regulation of AA metabolism, including the control of free AAs and their supply to other organs under catabolic conditions, and in the regulation of ATP synthesis under metabolic-stress conditions where MuRF1 expression is induced.