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1.
Biosurgery or maggot therapy is a method of non-operative treatment of chronic skin and soft tissue wounds based on the medicinal properties of the so-called “surgical maggots.” Biosurgery became popular in the period between World Wars I and II and has recently aroused great interest in the US, the United Kingdom, and some continental European countries. The method is known as “maggot debridement therapy” in the US and as “biosurgery” in the United Kingdom. 相似文献
2.
Bexfield A Nigam Y Thomas S Ratcliffe NA 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2004,6(14):1297-1304
Maggot therapy is a simple and highly successful method for cleansing infected and necrotic wounds. The use of maggots has become increasingly important in the treatment of non-healing wounds, particularly those infected with the multidrug-resistant pathogen, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The increasing challenge concerning the treatment of MRSA infections and the recent finding of vancomycin-resistant strains of MRSA have elicited the search for novel antibacterial compounds and, in particular, investigations into the potent antibacterial mechanism(s) behind maggot therapy. In this study, we report that excretions/secretions (ES) from the blowfly, Lucilia sericata, exhibit potent, thermally stable, protease resistant antibacterial activity against MRSA in vitro. We describe the initial characterisation of two antibacterial factors from native ES of L. sericata. A small, <500 Da factor with significant antibacterial activity against MRSA was partially isolated using ultrafiltration techniques. The potent activity of this factor was comparable to that of native excretions/secretions. A larger, 0.5-3-kDa factor with significant activity against S. aureus was also partially characterised. 相似文献
3.
Maggot therapy: a review of the therapeutic applications of fly larvae in human medicine, especially for treating osteomyelitis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In traditional medical practice, the larvae of some Diptera: Calliphoridae, notably Lucilia illustris (Meigen), L.sericata (Meigen) and Phormia regina (Meigen), have been employed for maggot therapy, i.e. to help clean lesions antiseptically, especially for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. This mode of treatment remains appropriate for cases where antibiotics are ineffective and surgery impracticable. 相似文献
4.
Kristina Nadrah Urka Glinek Bikup Vesna Cvitkovi pik Manica Müller Premru Barbara oba 《The Korean journal of parasitology》2021,59(2):159
Bacteremia induced by wound myiasis is uncommon and therefore rarely suspected by clinicians when treating patients with neglected wounds. We present a case of Ignatzschineria larvae bacteremia as a complication of Lucilia sp. maggot wound myiasis in a young male migrant. This is the first reported human case of Ignatzschineria bacteremia in Slovenia and one of the 2 described in the literature where the fly larvae infesting the wounds of the patient with Ignatzschineria bacteremia were not only suspected to be Lucilia sp. but also entomologically identified. 相似文献
5.
Induction of antibacterial activity in larvae of the blowfly Lucilia sericata by an infected environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kawabata T Mitsui H Yokota K Ishino K Oguma K Sano S 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2010,24(4):375-381
Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is a method for the treatment of intractable, infected and necrotic wounds. In MDT, sterile larvae of Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are applied to infected wounds, where they exert antibacterial effects. Once the larvae are placed in the wound, they are no longer germ-free. This study analysed the influence of infected environments on larval antibacterial activities. Sterile larvae were mixed in a test tube containing a bacterial suspension of Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, transferred to liver puree agar, and incubated at 25 °C for set periods. To collect the larval extracts, the incubated larvae were transferred to a test tube containing phosphate buffered saline (PBS), cut into multiple pieces with scissors, and centrifuged. The supernatant was used to test antibacterial activities. The results showed that infected larvae had better antibacterial capacities than sterile larvae. Antibacterial activities were induced by pretreatment with a single bacterial species, S. aureus or P. aeruginosa, within 24 h and 12 h, respectively, and disappeared after 36 h. The activities were effective against S. aureus, but not against P. aeruginosa. This natural infection model is very similar to the clinical wound context in MDT and will be a powerful tool with which to study the antibacterial activities of L. sericata larvae in MDT. 相似文献
6.
A. BROWN A. HOROBIN D. G. BLOUNT P. J. HILL J. ENGLISH A. RICH P. M. WILLIAMS D. I. PRITCHARD 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2012,26(4):432-439
In chronic wounds, it may be clinically important to remove extracellular bacterial and patient DNA as its presence may impede wound healing and promote bacterial survival in biofilm, in which extracellular DNA forms part of the biofilm architecture. As medicinal maggots, larvae of Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) have been shown to efficiently debride wounds it became of interest to investigate their excretions/secretions (ES) for the presence of a deoxyribonuclease (DNAse) activity. Excretions/secretions products were shown to contain a DNAse, with magnesium, sodium and calcium metal ion dependency, and a native molecular mass following affinity purification of approximately 45 kDa. The affinity purified DNAse degraded genomic bacterial DNA per se, DNA from the slough/eschar of a venous leg ulcer, and extracellular bacterial DNA in biofilms pre‐formed from a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The latter finding highlights an important attribute of the DNAse, given the frequency of P. aeruginosa infection in non‐healing wounds and the fact that P. aeruginosa virulence factors can be toxic to maggots. Maggot DNAse is thus a competent enzyme derived from a rational source, with the potential to assist in clinical wound debridement by removing extracellular DNA from tissue and biofilm, and promoting tissue viability, while liberating proteinaceous slough/eschar for debridement by the suite of proteinases secreted by L. sericata. 相似文献
7.
C. H. TEH W. A. NAZNI H. L. LEE A. FAIRUZ S. B. TAN M. SOFIAN‐AZIRUN 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2013,27(4):414-420
The emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains has prompted the reintroduction of maggot therapy in the treatment of chronic, infected wounds. Many previous studies have demonstrated the potent antibacterial activity of larval excretions/secretions of the blowfly Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera:Calliphoridae) against bacteria. However, the antibacterial activity of its sibling species, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera:Calliphoridae) against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria has never been determined. The aim of this study was to develop a new procedure to produce whole body extract of larvae of L. cuprina via methanol extraction as well as to demonstrate the in vitro antibacterial activity of this extract against seven selected wound pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). The turbidimetric assay demonstrated that L. cuprina larval extract was significantly potent against all bacteria tested (P < 0.001). Additionally, colony‐forming unit (CFU), agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays have confirmed the apparent potency of larval extract against P. aeruginosa. The reconstituted larval extract was highly robust and thermally stable. These observations substantiated the feasibility of the methanol extraction method in the production of larval extract. 相似文献
8.
Soyoun Um Jueun Ha Soo Jin Choi Wonil Oh Hye Jin Jin 《World journal of stem cells》2020,12(12):1511-1528
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a primitive and abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). UCB-derived MSCs have a broad and efficient therapeutic capacity to treat various diseases and disorders. Despite the high latent self-renewal and differentiation capacity of these cells, the safety, efficacy, and yield of MSCs expanded for ex vivo clinical applications remains a concern. However, immunomodulatory effects have emerged in various disease models, exhibiting specific mechanisms of action, such as cell migration and homing, angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, proliferation, anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation and tissue regeneration. Herein, we review the current literature pertaining to the UCB-derived MSC application as potential treatment strategies, and discuss the concerns regarding the safety and mass production issues in future applications. 相似文献
9.
The impacts of larval density and protease inhibition on feeding in medicinal larvae of the greenbottle fly Lucilia sericata
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M. R. WILSON Y. NIGAM W. JUNG J. KNIGHT D. I. PRITCHARD 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2016,30(1):1-7
Larval therapy, the therapeutic use of blowfly larvae to treat chronic wounds, is primarily used in debridement. There are, however, gaps in current knowledge of the optimal clinical application of the therapy and mechanisms of action in the debridement process. Using an artificial assay, two studies were undertaken to investigate these aspects of larval debridement by Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae); the first studied the effects of the density of larvae on tissue digestion and larval mass, and the second considered the effects on the same parameters of incorporating protease inhibitors into the feeding substrate. The total mass of tissue digested increased with larval density until saturation was observed at 5.0–7.5 larvae/cm2. This range was considered optimal as lower doses resulted in the removal of less tissue and higher doses offered no additional tissue removal and appeared to exacerbate competition for feeding. In the second study, increased protease inhibitor concentration led to significant decreases in tissue digestion and larval mass, suggesting that serine proteases, particularly trypsin, may play major roles in larval digestion. Such information is important in elucidating the main constituents that make up larval digestive products and may be significant in the development of new therapies. 相似文献
10.
The developmental rate under low temperatures and cold tolerance were investigated in embryos of the blowfly Lucilia sericata. The larvae of this species are now widely used in maggot debridement therapy. Embryonic development was dependent on temperature, with a lower developmental threshold of 9.0 °C. The duration of the egg stage at a rearing temperature of 25 °C was 14 h, and a low temperature of 12.5 °C successfully prolonged this period to 66 h. Embryonic stages differed markedly in their cold tolerance; young embryos were less tolerant to cold than old ones. Late embryonic stages are suitable for cold storage at 5 °C and the storage for 72 h did not decrease the hatching rate by more than 50%. In the mass‐rearing process required for maggot debridement therapy, either of these two simple protocols would be beneficial. 相似文献
11.
Andre Vinicius Saueressig Kruel Lucas Leite Ribeiro Paulo David Gusmao Stephany Cares Huber Jose Fabio Santos Duarte Lana 《World journal of stem cells》2021,13(4):304-316
Orthobiologics are biological materials that are intended for the regeneration or healing of bone,cartilage and soft tissues.In this review we discuss the use of orthobiologics for hip disorders providing an update.The orthobiologics included in this article are hyaluronic acid,platelet rich plasma,bone marrow,adipose tissue and expanded mesenchymal stem cells.We explain the concepts and definitions of each orthobiological product,and the literature regarding its use in the hip joint.The paucity of guidelines for the production and characterization of the biological products leads to uneven results across the literature.Each biologic therapy has indications and benefits;however,noteworthy are the characterization of the orthobiologics,the application method and outcome analysis for further improvement of each technique. 相似文献
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Lucilia sericata larvae are used in maggot debridement therapy, a traditional wound healing approach that has recently been approved for the treatment of chronic wounds. Maggot excretion products (MEP) contain many different proteases that promote disinfection, debridement and the acceleration of wound healing, e.g. by activating the host contact phase/intrinsic pathway of coagulation. In order to characterise relevant procoagulant proteases, we analysed MEP and identified a chymotrypsin-like serine protease with similarities to Jonah proteases from Drosophila melanogaster and a chymotrypsin from Lucilia cuprina. A recombinant form of the L. sericata Jonah chymotrypsin was produced in Escherichia coli. The activated enzyme (Jonahm) had a pH optimum of 8.0 and a temperature optimum of 37 °C, based on the cleavage of the chromogenic peptide s-7388 and casein. Jonahm reduced the clotting time of human plasma even in the absence of the endogenous protease kallikrein, factor XI or factor XII and digested the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV, suggesting a potential mechanism of wound debridement. Based on these characteristics, the novel L. sericata chymotrypsin-like serine protease appears to be an ideal candidate for the development of topical drugs for wound healing applications. 相似文献
15.
京族药用红树林民族植物学知识及现状 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
京族是我国唯一的海洋民族,在长期与红树林为伴的生存环境中,积累了丰富的利用红树林植物的民族植物学知识。然而,这些知识至今仍不为外界所知。为掌握京族药用红树林民族植物学知识和现状,该研究采用民族植物学和植物分类学方法,调查京族药用红树林知识中的红树林植物种类,记录其具体药用用途,并分析其生存现状及其中包含的可持续利用红树林植物资源经验。结果表明:共记录到京族药用红树林植物15种隶属于10科,具体药用用途共49种。其中,20种已有报道,29种未见报道;通过京族对红树林药用知识认知程度和依赖程度的调查还表明,京族历史上依赖本民族草医的情形已经基本消失,对红树林医药的依赖性和需求性也在消失。最后,剖析了京族在药用红树林植物选择与采集中的可持续利用经验。该研究结果不仅补充和拓宽了红树林民间药物的利用知识,而且为红树植物资源的管理与可持续利用提供了新视角。 相似文献
16.
Britland S Smith A Finter W Eagland D Vowden K Vowden P Telford G Brown A Pritchard D 《Biotechnology progress》2011,27(3):870-874
Larval biotherapy is a debridement tool used in wound management. The mechanism of action involves degradation of eschar by serine proteases including chymotrypsin within the alimentary fluids of first instar Lucilia sericata. With the rationale of obviating some limitations of biotherapy, including cost, complexity of use, and patient reticence, the present study describes a mobile hydrogel formulation containing freeze-dried recombinant L. sericata chymotrypsin designed for topical application. Neither freeze-drying nor formulation into the hydrogel significantly attenuated the measured activity of released enzyme compared to fresh-frozen enzyme in aqueous solution. Gel electrophoresis confirmed qualitatively that the chymotrypsin/hydrogel formulation both with and without supplementary urea at 10% (w) /(v) degraded human chronic wound eschar ex vivo. Mindful that the hallmark of intractability of chronic wounds is aberrant biochemistry, the pH activity profile for the enzyme/hydrogel formulation was compared with exudate pH in chronic wounds of mixed aetiology in a cohort of 48 hospital in-patients. Five patients' wounds were acidic, however, the remainder were predominantly alkaline and coincided with the pH optimum for the insect enzyme. Thus, a recombinant L. sericata chymotrypsin and hydrogel formulation could represent a pragmatic alternative to larval therapy for the management of chronic wounds. 相似文献
17.
Behxhet Mustafa Avni Hajdari Feriz Krasniqi Esat Hoxha Hatixhe Ademi Cassandra L Quave Andrea Pieroni 《Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine》2012,8(1):1-14
Background
The boreal forest of Canada is home to several hundred thousands Aboriginal people who have been using medicinal plants in traditional health care systems for thousands of years. This knowledge, transmitted by oral tradition from generation to generation, has been eroding in recent decades due to rapid cultural change. Until now, published reviews about traditional uses of medicinal plants in boreal Canada have focused either on particular Aboriginal groups or on restricted regions. Here, we present a review of traditional uses of medicinal plants by the Aboriginal people of the entire Canadian boreal forest in order to provide comprehensive documentation, identify research gaps, and suggest perspectives for future research.Methods
A review of the literature published in scientific journals, books, theses and reports.Results
A total of 546 medicinal plant taxa used by the Aboriginal people of the Canadian boreal forest were reported in the reviewed literature. These plants were used to treat 28 disease and disorder categories, with the highest number of species being used for gastro-intestinal disorders, followed by musculoskeletal disorders. Herbs were the primary source of medicinal plants, followed by shrubs. The medicinal knowledge of Aboriginal peoples of the western Canadian boreal forest has been given considerably less attention by researchers. Canada is lacking comprehensive policy on harvesting, conservation and use of medicinal plants. This could be explained by the illusion of an infinite boreal forest, or by the fact that many boreal medicinal plant species are widely distributed.Conclusion
To our knowledge, this review is the most comprehensive to date to reveal the rich traditional medicinal knowledge of Aboriginal peoples of the Canadian boreal forest. Future ethnobotanical research endeavours should focus on documenting the knowledge held by Aboriginal groups that have so far received less attention, particularly those of the western boreal forest. In addition, several critical issues need to be addressed regarding the legal, ethical and cultural aspects of the conservation of medicinal plant species and the protection of the associated traditional knowledge. 相似文献18.
Healthy cells, as well as benign and malignant tumors, depend upon the body's blood supply to bring in oxygen and nutrients and carry away waste products. Using this property against tumors, anti‐angiogenic therapy targets the tumor vasculature with the aim of starving the tumor, and has demonstrated exceptional clinical efficacy against a number of tumors. This review discusses the current state of knowledge regarding anti‐angiogenic therapies presently available to patients, and garners from both preclinical and clinical literature the benefits and side effects associated with anti‐angiogenic therapies, the unfortunate mechanisms of acquired resistance to these novel therapeutics, and highlights promising next generation anti‐angiogenics that may overcome the limitations encountered with first generation therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 543–553, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
19.
Morels (Morchella, Ascomycota), which are some of the most highly prized edible and medicinal mushrooms, are of great economic and scientific value. Morel cultivation has been a research focus worldwide for more than 100 years, and the outdoor cultivation of morels has succeeded and expanded to a large scale in China in recent years. In this study, we review the progress in recent research regarding the life cycle and reproductive systems in the genus Morchella and the current state of outdoor cultivation. Sclerotia formation and conidia production are two important phases during the life cycle. The morel species cultivated commercially in America is M. rufobrunnea based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. The species currently cultivated in China are black morels, including M. importuna, M. sextalata and M. eximia. The field cultivation of morels expanded in the majority of the provinces in China with a yield of fresh morels of 0–7620?kg per ha. The key techniques include spawn production, land preparation and spawning, the addition of exogenous nutrition, fruiting management and harvesting. The application of exogenous nutrition is the most important breakthrough in the field of morel cultivation, but the mechanism remains unclear. It was estimated that the total amount of field cultivated fresh morels was ~500 t in 2015–2016. We also discuss the potential issues remaining in the current literature and suggest directions for future studies. 相似文献
20.
Andrea Chirico Patrizia Maiorano Paola Indovina Carla Milanese Giovan Giacomo Giordano Fabio Alivernini Giovanni Iodice Luigi Gallo Giuseppe De Pietro Fabio Lucidi Gerardo Botti Michelino De Laurentiis Antonio Giordano 《Journal of cellular physiology》2020,235(6):5353-5362
Psychological distress is a common consequence of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment and could further exacerbate therapy side effects. Interventions increasing treatment tolerance are crucial to improve both patients' quality of life and adherence to therapies. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as an effective distraction tool for different medical procedures. Here, we assessed the efficacy of immersive and interactive VR in alleviating chemotherapy-related psychological distress in a cohort of Italian breast cancer patients, also comparing its effects with those of music therapy (MT). Thirty patients were included in the VR group, 30 in the MT group, and 34 in the control group, consisting of patients receiving standard care during chemotherapy. Our data suggest that both VR and MT are useful interventions for alleviating anxiety and for improving mood states in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy. Moreover, VR seems more effective than MT in relieving anxiety, depression, and fatigue. 相似文献