四川凤仙花属(凤仙花科)四新记录种

该文报道了四川凤仙花属四新记录种,即睫毛萼凤仙花(Impatiens blepharosepala Pritz. ex Diels)、红纹凤仙花(Impatiens rubro-striata Hook. f.)、滇西北凤仙花(Impatiens lecomtei Hook. f.)及松林凤仙花(Impatiens pinetorum Hook. f. ex W. W. Smith),并进行了鉴定和讨论,同时提供了相关照片。凭证标本保存于西昌学院标本室(XIAS)中。我国西南地区是世界五大凤仙花属植物分布中心地区之一,此次在四川发现的四新记录种均为我国特有种,该发现对于研究我国西南地区凤仙花属植物的起源和扩散路线具有一定的指导意义。     

中国凤仙花属(凤仙花科)一新记录种——高大凤仙花

报道了中国凤仙花属一新记录种——高大凤仙花(Impatiens kerriae Craib)。该种原产于泰国,在中国为首次记录。该文对高大凤仙花的特征进行了详细描述,尤其是对花果特征及花果期进行了重新描述和补充。凭证标本存放于中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园标本馆(HITBC)。     

贵州省凤仙花属6个新记录种

报道了贵州省凤仙花属（Impatiens）6个新记录种（含1变种）,分别是锐齿凤仙花（Impatiens arguta Hook.f.& Thomson.）、线萼凤仙花（Impatiens linearisepala S.Akiyama, H.Ohba & S.K.Wu）、川鄂凤仙花（Impatiens fargesii Hook.f.）、林生凤仙花（Impatiens lucorum Hook.f.）、雅致黄金凤（Impatiens siculifer var. mitis Lingelsheim & Borza）和田林凤仙花（Impatiens tianlinensis S.X.Yu & L.J.Zhang）。该文提供了新记录种形态特征照片和地理分布,凭证标本保存于贵州大学林学院树木标本室（GZAC）。     

重庆凤仙花科植物1新记录种——太子凤仙花

该文报道重庆市1新记录种——太子凤仙花(Impatiens alpicola Y.L.Chen et Y.Q.Lu),并描述该新记录种的形态特征和生境分布,凭证标本存放于重庆三峡学院生命科学与工程学院植物标本馆。另编制了重庆市分布凤仙花属植物分种检索表。     

那坡凤仙花,越南凤仙花科新记录

报道了越南凤仙花科(Balsaminaceae)1新记录种:那坡凤仙花(Impatiens napoensis Y.L.Chen)。该种产自越南北部河江省(Ha Giang)的Quan Ba地区,凭证标本保存在越南科学技术院生态和生物资源研究所标本馆(HN)和中国科学院华南植物园标本馆(IBSC)。提供了该种的描述、彩色照片、生态学、花果期等信息。     

中国凤仙花属植物新资料——紫花辐射凤仙花

报道了中国凤仙花属一新记录种：紫花辐射凤仙花（Impatiens dalaiensis Gogoi&Borah）。该种分布于云南省腾冲县高黎贡山自然保护区,生长在常绿阔叶林下水沟边。本种主要辨别特征为：花轮生,紫色;唇瓣舟状,口部具芒;翼瓣远侧裂片长带状且螺旋扭曲。该种2015年发表时记载模式标本采自印度,而我们将原始文献中记录的模式标本采集点GPS经纬度信息标记于地图上时却发现,地点位于中国西藏自治区察隅县境内,故对原文记述的模式产地信息提出质疑。     

海南凤仙花与龙州凤仙花花的形态补充描述

凤仙花属植物的花部形态历来是该属的属下划分及种间界定的关键性状,基于大量的有花标本及野外实地调查,并参照了模式标本对海南凤仙花和龙州凤仙花的花部形态进行了补充描述。     

云南省凤仙花属(凤仙花科)2新记录种

报道了云南省凤仙花科(Balsaminaceae)凤仙花属(Impatiens L.)植物2新记录,即睫毛萼凤仙花(I.blepharosepala Pritz.ex Diels)和红雉凤仙花(I.oxyanthera Hook.f.),并提供了形态描述及其图片,凭证标本保存于重庆三峡学院生命科学与工程学院植物标本馆。该报道的睫毛萼凤仙花花色为白色,红雉凤仙花植株茎、叶皆被微柔毛,茎有分枝,小枝细,丰富了2个物种的形态描述。     

广西凤仙花属(凤仙花科)一新变种——瑶山凤仙花

描述了中国广西凤仙花科Balsaminaceae凤仙花属Impatiens一新变种——瑶山凤仙花I. macrovexilla var. yaoshanensis S. X. Yu, Y. L. Chen ＆ H. N. Qin。该变种与原变种不同在于叶卵圆形或卵状矩圆形, 侧生萼片全缘, 翼瓣的上部裂片全缘, 翼瓣背部的小耳明显, 此外花粉形态和种皮纹饰等性状也支持该变种的建立。     

凤仙花近缘种间核型分析与叶表皮微形态研究

为探究凤仙花近缘种植物的细胞学和微形态学方面的亲缘关系,该文选取荔波凤仙花(Impatiens liboensis)及近缘种赤水凤仙花(I.chishuiensis)和管茎凤仙花(I.tubulosa)的根尖和叶表皮为实验材料,采用体细胞染色体常规压片法和叶表皮光学显微镜观察法对凤仙花近缘种植物进行染色体及叶表皮特征研...     

An allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay for the differentiation of members of the<Emphasis Type="Italic">Anopheles culicifacies</Emphasis> complex

Anopheles culicifacies, the principal vector of malaria in India, is a complex of five cryptic species which are morphologically indistinguishable at any stage of life. In view of the practical difficulties associated with classical cytotaxonomic method for the identification of members of the complex, an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR) assay targeted to the D3 domain of 28S ribosomal DNA was developed. The assay discriminatesAn. culicifacies species A and D from species B, C and E. The assay was validated using chromosomally-identified specimens ofAn. culicifacies from different geographical regions of India representing different sympatric associations. The assay correctly differentiates species A and D from species B, C and E. The possible use of this diagnostic assay in disease vector control programmes is discussed.     

小圆胸小蠹及其虫菌共生体研究进展

小圆胸小蠹是蛀干为害的食菌小蠹,与其伴生菌构成虫菌共生体,称方胸小蠹—镰孢菌共生体,造成寄主机械损伤、枝干枯死和木材腐烂。在全球范围内寄主达63科342种,对果树、森林及城市景观等造成严重威胁,被国家林业局定为国际重大林木害虫。国外最新的分子学研究显示,方胸小蠹—镰孢菌共生体以种团形式出现,由至少5个形态上无法区分的小蠹种及其伴生菌构成,每一个小蠹种携带1或2种镰孢菌。该种团中的某些种及其伴生菌已经成为入侵物种,攻击并感染健康树木,造成了严重威胁。综述了该种团的生物学及生态学、伴生菌及寄主选择研究进展,以及食菌小蠹的控制途径,指出了我国有分布的该种分类地位急需确定,我国云南分布的该小蠹可能对我国更多地区城市阔叶树种构成威胁,对针叶树也可能构成潜在威胁。当前迫切需要在通过分子学手段澄清其分类地位基础上,深入开展种群生物学及生态学研究,以及伴生菌及寄主选择研究,揭示其成灾机制,为其有效控制提供技术支撑,以遏制其扩散蔓延的势头。     

Observations on sporozoite detection in naturally infected sibling species of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anopheles culicifacies</Emphasis> complex and variant of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anopheles stephensi</Emphasis> in India

Sporozoites were detected in naturally infected sibling species of the primary rural vector Anopheles culicifacies complex in two primary health centres (PHCs) and a variant of the urban vector Anopheles stephensi in Mangalore city, Karnataka, south India while carrying out malaria outbreak investigations from 1998–2006. Sibling species of An. culicifacies were identified based on the banding patterns on ovarian polytene chromosomes, and variants of An. stephensi were identified based on the number of ridges on the egg floats. Sporozoites were detected in the salivary glands by the dissection method. Of the total 334 salivary glands of An. culicifacies dissected, 17 (5.08%) were found to be positive for sporozoites. Of the 17 positive samples, 11 were suitable for sibling species analysis; 10 were species A (an efficient vector) and 1 was species B (a poor vector). Out of 46 An. stephensi dissected, one was sporozoite positive and belonged to the type form (an efficient vector). In malaria epidemiology this observation is useful for planning an effective vector control programme, because each sibling species/variant differs in host specificity, susceptibility to malarial parasites, breeding habitats and response to insecticides.     

Analysis of metaphase I chromosome association in species of the genus Aegilops

Summary Metaphase-I chromosome associations in every diploid and polyploid species of the genus Aegilops were studied using C-banding in order to analyse the cytogenetic behaviour of the whole complement as well as of specific genomes in different polyploid species. Differences were observed in the frequency of associations per cell among different species of the same ploidic level and even between species sharing the same genomic constitution. Differences were also found between different genomes within the same polyploid species and between the same genome when present in several diploid and polyploid species. Several factors proposed as having an influence on the frequency of metaphase-I associations, such as chromosome morphology, C-heterochromatin content, genetic control and genome interactions, are discussed. Most of the polyploid Aegilops species showed a diploid-like behaviour at metaphase I although multivalents involving homoeologous associations were occasionally observed in Ae. biuncialis, Ae. juvenalis and Ae. crassa(6x); therefore, the Aegilops diploidising genetic system is not equally effective in all polyploid species.     

新疆列当的种类、分布及其防治技术研究进展

列当是一种根寄生种子植物,是我国进境植物检疫对象,同时也是我国的内检对象。新疆是我国列当发生面积最大、危害最重和种类最多的地区,对新疆的主要经济作物,如加工番茄、向日葵、甜瓜等已造成严重危害。在新疆文献记载的列当种类有18种,常见的有埃及列当、大麻列当、向日葵列当和弯管列当,并已广泛分布于新疆各县、市、团场。列当的防治技术主要包括检疫、田间管理、轮作等,但目前的防治效果均不理想。本文通过对新疆列当的相关文献搜集、整理分析,总结了目前新疆列当的种类、分布情况,以及综合防治技术,为今后列当的研究和防治提供参考。     

Indigenous fish species for the control of Aedes aegypti in water storage tanks in Southern México

Because of inadequate supply of water, inhabitants of five villagesclose to Tapachula, Chiapas, México, store water in cement tanksthat support large populations of Aedes aegypti. Biologicalcontrol using indigenous fish species were studied to control A. aegypti larvae in thosecontainers, since other organisms used as biological control agents areexpensive and unfamiliar to inhabitants of those towns. Other measures(chemical or physical control) are expensive and time consuming. Fiveindigenous fish species, Lepisosteus tropicus (Gill)(Lepisosteiformes: Lepisosteidae), Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier)(Cypriniformes: Characinidae), Brycon guatemalensis (Regan)(Cypriniformes: Characinidae), Ictalurus meridionalis(Günther) (Cypriniformes: Ictaluridae) and Poecilia sphenopsValenciennes (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), currently used asmosquito control agents in the area were tested. Container indexes (ameasure of disease transmission potential) in the tested area werealways zero during the year of the study, independent of towns and fishspecies; this was significantly (P < 0.05) different from containerindexes prior to the test as well as from controls without fish. Nosignificant (P > 0.05) differences were recorded in the efficiency ofthe tested fish species feeding on A. aegypti larvae. Our resultsshow that all tested fish species can be considered as good biologicalagents for controlling A. aegypti larvae in Southern Mexico.     

Restoration of mangrove plantations and colonisation by native species in Leizhou bay,South China

To examine the natural colonisation of native mangrove species into remediated exotic mangrove stands in Leizhou Bay, South China, we compared soil physical–chemical properties, community structure and recruitments of barren mangrove areas, native mangrove species plantations, and exotic mangrove species—Sonneratia apetala Buch.Ham—between plantations and natural forest. We found that severely degraded mangrove stands could not regenerate naturally without human intervention due to severely altered local environments, whereas some native species had been recruited into the 4–10 year S. apetala plantations. In the first 10 years, the exotic species S. apetala grew better than native species such as Rhizophora stylosa Griff and Kandelia candel (Linn.) Druce. The mangrove plantation gradually affected soil physical and chemical properties during its recovery. The exotic S. apetala was more competitive than native species and its plantation was able to restore soil organic matter in about 14 years. Thus, S. apetala can be considered as a pioneer species to improve degraded habitats to facilitate recolonisation by native mangrove species. However, removal to control proliferation may be needed at late stages to facilitate growth of native species. To ensure sustainability of mangroves in South China, the existing mangrove wetlands must be managed as an ecosystem, with long-term scientific monitoring program in place.     

芽胞杆菌拮抗人或动植物病毒的机制研究进展

病毒性疾病严重威胁着人类及动植物的健康。目前正在应用的防治病毒性疾病的方法及其作用有限,开发无毒副作用、生态友好的抗病毒产品防控病毒性疾病非常必要。益生芽胞杆菌可产生核糖核酸酶、胞外聚合物等代谢物或成分,通过增强机体免疫功能等机制发挥抗病毒作用,有望被进一步开发用于病毒性疾病的防治。     

香港鹅耳枥(桦木科)的群落特征

为保护香港特有植物香港鹅耳枥,基于典型样地调查,对香港鹅耳枥所在群落进行了研究。结果表明,在225 m2的样地内,有维管植物37科66属68种。建群种为香港鹅耳枥,个体高度最高3 m,所在群落植株平均高度0.92 m,分层不明显。位于中国香港岛的香港鹅耳枥处于衰退状态,小个体极少。因此,建议采取就地保护和迁地保护措施,以重建种群。     

On some rust fungi (Uredinales) collected in an Acacia koa–Metrosideros polymorpha woodland, Mauna Loa Road, Big Island, Hawaii

Nine species of rust fungi (Uredinales) were found during a 1-day field study in an Acacia koa–Metrosideros polymorpha woodland in Volcanoes National Park on Big Island, Hawaii. Two species, both found on Acacia koa, are native (endemic) rusts whereas 7 species are nonnative on nonnative hosts, highlighting the high proportion of introduced species in the Hawaiian flora even in more or less natural habitats. One species, Uromyces linearis on Panicum repens, constitutes the first record of this rust for the Hawaiian archipelago, bringing the total to 93 species on the islands, 70 (75.3%) of which are introduced. The species records are annotated with emphasis on the geographic origin of each taxon. In addition, the study has led to the molecular reevaluation of the genus Racospermyces, indicating that it is synonymous with Endoraecium, and six new combinations are proposed for the species previously placed in Racospermyces. The high number of introduced species in Hawaii coupled with the paucity of native species when compared to other global regions is discussed.