Detection of a common BOLA-DRB3 deletion by sequence-specific oligonucleotide typing

The bovine MHC class II BoLA-DRB3*2A has an amino acid deletion of unknown function at codon 65 in the second exon, which codes for the antigen-binding site. Sequence-specific oligonucleotides were designed based on published nucleotide sequences on BoLA-DRB3 alleles, and used to detect this deletion in 51 Hereford cattle. Probes 65+ and 65- detect the presence or absence of codon 65 respectively. Oligonucleotide probes were labelled with Digoxigenin (DIG), hybridized to dot blots of BOLA-DRB3 exon 2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product, and detected by chemiluminescence. Of the 51 animals screened, two were homozygous and 11 were heterozygous for the deletion at codon 65. The methodology described here provides the necessary tools to screen rapidly for this deletion in a large number of animals in order to study its effect on antigen binding and immune response.     

Sequence and PCR-RFLP analysis of 14 novel BoLA-DRB3 alleles

The genetic diversity of the bovine class IIDRB3 locus was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing of the first domain exon. Studying 34 animals of various cattle breeds, 14 previously unrecognized DRB3 alleles were identified. In three alleles, amino acid substitutions were observed that had not been previously found in bovine DRB3, but occurred at the same position in bovine DQB and in the DRB alleles of other mammals. For all newly identified alleles, the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of PCR products obtained with the enzymes Rsa I, Bst YI, and Hae III were compared with patterns of 38 previously described alleles. Altogether, eleven novel PCR-RFLP types were defined. Twelve out of the 42 PCR-RFLP types identified so far were not found to be fully informative because they corresponded to more than one allelic sequence. PCR-RFLP may therefore be a rapid and useful method for DRB3 typing in cattle families, but for studies on outbred populations, sequencing and hybridization techniques are required.     

多浪羊MHC-DRB3基因座的PCR-RFLP多态性分析

主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）是由紧密连锁的高度多态的基因位点所组成的染色体上的一个遗传区域,它在动物机体的免疫系统中发挥着非常重要的作用。应用PCR-RFLP技术首次对多浪羊的MHC-DRB3的外显子2进行分子遗传多态性检测与分析。结果显示,多浪羊MHC-DRB3基因的外显子2在TaqⅠ、PstⅠ和HaeⅢ酶切位点存在多态,其酶切位点分别由2、2和6种共显性等位基因控制。综合3种酶切结果,本实验研究在多浪羊中检测到了DRB3基因的24种等位基因。 Abstract:MHC is a chromosomal region consisting of a group of closely linked loci which are highly polymorphic,and plays a central role in the immune system.The restrictive polymorphism of MHC-DRB3 exon2 in Dolang sheep was Analyzed by PCR-RFLPs.The results revealed extensive polymorphisms 2,2 and 6 RFLP types of PCR products were found with enzymes TaqⅠ,PstⅠ and HaeⅢ respectively.Considering all restrictive pattern,24 alleles for DRB3 locus were found in Dolang sheep.     

猪MyoG基因的PCR-RFLP多态性分析

以杜洛克、长白、大约克、南昌白、二花脸、梅山猪、玉山黑猪、乐平花猪、金华两头乌及上高两头乌等中外10个猪种共计561头猪为研究材料,采用3对引物（PCR1、PCR2、PCR3）分别扩增猪肌细胞生成素（MyoG）基因的不同区域,扩增产物经限制性核酸内切酶MspⅠ酶切后发现：（1）在PCR1 MspⅠ-RFLP位点上,外来品种杜洛克、长白、大约克及培育品种南昌白中极大多数个体表现为AA型,个别为BB型;而6个中国地方猪种除乐平花猪外均以BB型居多。（2）在PCR2 MspⅠ-RFLP位点上,6个中国地方猪种除一头玉山黑猪表现为MN型外,其余均为MM型;而外来品种以NN型占大多数,培育品种南昌白更趋向于外来品种。（3）在PCR3 MspⅠ-RFLP位点上,所有猪种均可得到扩增产物,但无MspⅠ酶切位点。（4）在梅山猪及与其亲缘关系较近的二花脸猪中,没有发现Soumillion等(1997)报道的梅山猪特异性MspⅠ多态性酶切位点。     

重庆市汉族健康人群白细胞介素-1基因多态性的研究

为了了解白细胞介素-I基因在中国重庆市汉族健康人群中的分布及其与不同种族比较的特点,采用了聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态（PCR—RFLP）的方法,对140名重庆市汉族健康者的IL-1B-511基因多态性和IL-1RN第2内含子可变数目串联重复序列多态性进行检测,并结合相关文献进行了不同种族间的分析比较。结果表明重庆市汉族健康人群中1L-1B-511的各基因型频率为C/T型0．58、形,型0．50、C/C型0,32,与西班牙白种人相比,重庆地区汉族人IL-1B,B-511等位基因频率存在明显差异（P〈0．05）。1L-1RN的各基因型频率为1／1型0．93、1／2型0．05、1／4型0．01、4／4型0．01,与西班牙白种人及南非黑种人相比,重庆地区汉族人,IL-IRN等位基因频率存在明显差异（P〈0．05）。由此可以得出重庆地区汉族人群IL-1B-511位点存在C／T多态性和IL-1RN基因的第2号内含子存在可变数目串联重复序列多态性．其在不同种族间的分布存在着差异．     

三大不同品种马mtDNA Cytb基因的PCR-RFLP分析

用BamHⅠ、TaqⅠ、HaeⅢ、RsaⅠ和HincⅡ5种限制性内切酶通过PCR-RFLP技术检测了包括引入品种、培育品种和地方品种的6个类型共256匹马的mtDNA Cytb基因部分序列多态性。用8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳将酶切产物分离,并用银染法显色。结果BamHⅠ和TaqⅠ表现出多态,5种酶共检测到7种态型,归纳为3种单倍型,以单倍型Ⅰ和Ⅲ为主体单倍型,但通过一个特殊的酶型BamHⅠ-B分析推测所研究的马起源于一个母系祖先。     

利用PCR-RFLP技术鉴定传粉榕小蜂隐种混合样品的物种组成

隐种(cryptic species)是指形态上几乎完全相同但遗传组成存在显著分化的物种。在榕树–榕小蜂一对一共生系统中, 传粉榕小蜂隐种的发现对协同进化、物种共存等重要的生态和进化理论提出了严峻的挑战。因为很难从形态上直接区分隐种, 所以, 相关研究中的一个迫切需要解决的问题就是如何快速而准确地鉴定隐种。本文采用PCR-RFLP方法分析了mtDNACOI基因片段, 对木瓜榕(Ficus auriculata)和鸡嗉果榕(F. semicordata)的传粉榕小蜂隐种进行了区分。结果表明为木瓜榕传粉的大果榕小蜂(Ceratosolen emarginatus)存在两个隐种(A和B), 分别包含1个XhoI和1个BssSI酶切位点。将两个隐种的样品按不同比例混合, 提取基因组DNA, PCR扩增mtDNA COI片段, 经XhoI和BssSI分别酶切, 均能通过酶切图谱准确检测出混合样品的隐种组成。鸡嗉果榕小蜂(C. gravelyi)两个隐种的mtDNA COI基因序列也存在较大差别, 分别包含1个BmrI和1个AvaI酶切位点, 隐种混合样品经BmrI和AvaI分别酶切的结果也能准确鉴定混合样品的物种组成。我们的结果表明基于PCR和DNA酶切技术能快速而准确地区分传粉榕小蜂的隐种。     

PCR-RFLP和多重PCR技术检测常见病原性丝状真菌的实验研究

目的建立检测常见丝状真菌感染病原菌的PCR-RFLP和多重PCR方法。方法建立以PCR技术为基础的限制片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法 ,首先用真菌通用引物扩增丝状真菌的ITS区,然后用限制性核酸内切酶对PCR产物进行酶切。用4种丝状真菌的特异性引物建立多重PCR体系,用该体系检测单模板、双模板和三模板的扩增情况,并测定该体系的特异性和敏感性。结果用PCR-RFLP技术能够鉴别5种常见丝状真菌,多重PCR能够根据扩增片段的不同鉴别菌种,在合适的反应条件下,对单模板、双模板和三模板均能扩增出目的片段。结论 PCR-RFLP和多重PCR技术能够快速鉴定丝状真菌感染病原菌,有临床应用的良好前景。     

Molecular characterization of Pisolithus spp. isolates by rDNA PCR-RFLP

 Variation within ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes of 19 isolates of Pisolithus from different geographic origins and hosts was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The primers utilized amplify rDNA regions in a wide range of fungi. One amplified region includes the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), which has a low degree of conservation. The ITS amplification products (640–750 bp) were digested with a variety of restriction endonucleases. Cluster analysis based on the restriction fragments grouped the isolates into three distinct groups: group I contained isolates collected in the northern hemisphere, except Pt 1, group II contained those collected in Brazil and group III contained isolate Pt 1. Additional analysis of other rDNA regions, IGS, 17 S and 25 S rDNA, resulted in similar groups. The data suggest that the taxonomy and systematics of this ectomycorrhizal fungus should be revised. Accepted: 16 September 1998     

PCR-RFLP analysis of the cytochrome b gene in horse mitochondrial DNA

The mitochondrial DNA sequence of cytochrome b gene in a Thoroughbred horse was determined. By comparing DNA sequences between the Thoroughbred and published sequence data (two horses and one Grevyi zebra), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed for amplification of a 590 bp DNA fragment in the cytochrome b gene, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was studied in 140 horses of six breeds using three restriction enzymes ( AciI, BamHI, RsaI ). Two morphs were found using each of the three enzymes. By combining three enzymes morphs, the 140 horses examined were classified into four types. Type 2 was most frequent in all breeds.     

cDNA cloning, genomic structure and polymorphism of the porcine FHL3 gene

LIM domain proteins are important regulators of the growth, determination and differentiation of cells. Four-and-a-half LIM-only protein 3 (FHL3) is a type of LIM-only protein that contains four tandemly repeated LIM motifs with an N-terminal single zinc finger (half LIM motif). In this study, we have determined the complete coding sequence of pig FHL3 which encodes a 280 amino acid protein. The coding region of the pig FHL3 gene is organized in five exons and spans an approximately 2.1-kb genomic region. Comparative sequencing of six pig breeds revealed three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within exon 2 of which an A-->G substitution at position 313 changes a codon for arginine into a codon for glycine. The substitution was situated within a PstI recognition site and developed as a PCR-RFLP marker for further use in population variation investigations and association analysis. The A/G polymorphism was segregating only in Landrace pigs. Association studies of the FHL3 polymorphism with carcass traits provided preliminary evidence that the PstI PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) genotype may be associated with variation in several carcass traits of interest for pig breeding. Further investigations in more Landrace pigs are needed to confirm this.     

Extensive intraspecific polymorphism detected by SSCP at the nuclear C-mos gene in the endemic Iberian lizard Lacerta schreiberi

C-mos is a highly conserved intronless gene that has proved useful in the analysis of ancient phylogenetic relationships within vertebrates. We selected the Iberian endemic Schreiber's green lizard (Lacerta schreiberi) that persisted in allopatric refugia since the late Pliocene to investigate the utility of the C-mos nuclear gene for intraspecific phylogeographic studies. Our combination of DNA sequencing with the high resolving power of single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) effectively discriminated four common alleles showing strong population structuring (F(ST) = 0.46). In addition, reconstruction of allele phylogenetic relationships further improved our understanding of C-mos spatial patterns of variation and allowed a comparison with previously described mitochondrial DNA data. Finally, limited sequencing of an extended C-mos fragment in six additional Lacerta species showed extensive polymorphism, to our knowledge representing a rare example of variation in a highly conserved nuclear gene.     

二种大实蝇的PCR-RFLP快速鉴定方法

应用PCR-RFLP技术,对我国部分地区发生分布的蜜柑大实蝇和橘大实蝇开展了分子生物学鉴定方法研究。结果表明,利用4组引物对目标实蝇的COⅡ和ITS1基因进行PCR扩增,并借助MnlⅠ,MseⅠ,AseⅠ,DraⅠ和SspⅠ等5种限制性内切酶对扩增产物进行酶切,能从多个途径把2种大实蝇区分开。所建立的方法不受目标实蝇食物源、地理来源和标本保存条件的影响,对不同虫态和不同性别的个体均适用,可在生产和检疫实践中对蜜柑大实蝇和橘大实蝇进行快速鉴定。     

JP-3 gene polymorphism in a healthy population of Serbia and Montenegro

Expansions of CTG repeats inJP-3 gene are associated with a phenotype similar to Huntington disease. These expansions are the cause of Huntington disease like-2 (HDL-2) phenotype. CTG repeats inJP-3 gene are polymorphic in healthy population. Analyses of CTG repeat polymorphism ofJP-3 gene in various healthy populations could help in estimating the population at risk for developing HDL-2. CTG repeat polymorphism ofJP-3 gene was analysed in healthy population of Serbia and Montenegro. Study included 198 unrelated subjects. Analyses ofJP-3 locus were performed using PCR and sequencing. Six differentJP-3 alleles were obtained and they were in the range of 11 to 18 CTG repeats showing a bimodal distribution, with peaks at 14 and 16. Results show that the distribution ofJP-3 alleles in population of Serbia and Montenegro is consistent with distributions in other analysed populations. The absence of alleles with more then 18 CTG repeats suggests that HDL-2 is very rare in the populations of Serbia and Montenegro.     

民猪的SLA-DRB基因的PCR-RFLP多态性分析

采用克隆测序和PCR-RFLP相结合的方法,对民猪的SLA-DRB基因的整个编码区进行了扫描和多态性分析.结果表明该基因的第2外显子是整个基因的高变区,突变率达到5.6%,其中80%为有效突变,但没有发现新的等位基因;PCR-RFLP结果表明外显子1用内切酶Alu Ⅰ酶切可获得3种基因型;外显子2用内切酶Taq Ⅰ酶切可获得3种基因型;外显子3用内切酶Bcn Ⅰ酶切可获得3种基因型;外显子4用内切酶Mbo Ⅰ酶切可获得2种基因型;外显子5用内切酶Hin1 Ⅰ酶切可获得3种基因型.Hardy-Weinberg平衡分析表明民猪在Alu Ⅰ和Hin1 Ⅰ处于平衡状态(P＞0.05),在Taq Ⅰ、Bcn Ⅰ和Mbo Ⅰ处于不平衡状态.     

PCR-RFLP typing of the bovine myoglobin gene

We have identified substitutions in the 3₁ untranslated region of the bovine myoglobin gene, one of which affects an MboII restriction enzyme site resulting in a bi-allelic restriction fragment length polymorphism. Co-dominant inheritance of the alleles in three reference families was observed using a polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The distribution of the alleles seems characteristic of cattle type—one of the alleles was not detected in purely taurine breeds. Furthermore, we mapped, using the polymerase chain reaction on a bovine–rodent somatic cell hybrid panel, the myoglobin gene to bovine chromosome five. It is therefore syntenic with γ-interferon and insulin-like growth factor in which we have not found polymorphism. The myoglobin locus therefore serves as a type one marker on bovine chromosome five.     

广西一脊髓小脑共济失调3型家系SCA3/MJD基因突变和多态性的分析

常染色体显性脊髓小脑型共济失调(Autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias, ADCAs)是一种神经系统退行性疾病, 具有高度的遗传异质性, 其中脊髓小脑型共济失调3型(Spinocerebellar ataxias type 3, SCA3)是一种常见的类型。文章通过PCR扩增广西一个脊髓小脑共济失调家系SCA3/MJD基因片段, 用毛细管电泳和测序方法检测了SCA3/MJD基因的CAG重复序列大小、传递特点以及SCA3/MJD基因的变异。结果显示：家系的所有4名患者和3名无症状携带者(Asymptomatic carrier)的SCA3/MJD基因第10外显子中存在异常扩增的CAG重复序列, 重复次数为64~71次; CAG重复次数在具有cgg等位基因的正常个体间传递时保持不变, 提示cgg等位基因不是正常个体两代间CAG重复序列稳定性的影响因素。SCA3/MJD基因中另有两个单碱基点突变, 一个是内含子区的杂合性突变(IVS9-113 T>C), 另一个是外显子区域的错义突变(220 G>A, 220 Glu>Gly)。这两个点突变为首次报道, 但尚不能明确这两个新的点突变对SCA3表型的影响。     

Exon 1 Polymorphisms in the Equine CSN3 Gene: SNPs Distribution Analysis in Murgese Horse Breed

The aim of this study was to assess genetic polymorphism at two loci in the exon 1 of the CSN3 gene in Murgese horse breed by PCR-RFLP analysis. The overall frequencies of alleles A and G at c.-66A > G locus were 0.80 and 0.20, respectively, and no GG animals were found in the population. At the c.-36C > A locus allelic frequencies were 0.74 and 0.26 for allele C and A, respectively, and no AA animals were detected. Population genetic indexes, namely gene heterozygosity, gene homozygosity, effective allele numbers, fixation index, and polymorphism information index were calculated. Combined genotypic frequencies and possible haplotypes frequencies were also reported. Only three out of nine possible genotypic combinations were found in the studied population. The most frequent genotype was AACC (0.49) while the frequency of AGCA was 0.40. Only five animals were genotyped as AACA (11%). Consequently, the most frequent haplotype in the population was AC (0.744), followed by GA (0.200) and AA (0.056).     

PCR-RFLP法探讨三个人工湖微生物群落多样性

目的：探讨牡丹江市区三个人工湖（月牙湖、牛角湖、南湖）的微生物群落多样性。方法：从三个水样中分别提取微生物DNA,选取通用引物扩增16S rDNA片段,对扩增产物进行RFLP分析。结果：不同的样品由于其中的微生物多样性的差异,酶切产物在凝胶上显示的相对位置和条带数目都有一定差异。结论：牛角湖样品的条带数目最多,表明牛角湖的微生物群落多样性最为丰富。     

母猪哺乳初期的母性行为与催乳素受体基因多态性关系的初探

应用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法对民猪和长白猪的催乳素受体(Prolactin receptor, 简称PRLR)基因进行了单核苷酸多态性分析, 以研究PRLR基因影响母猪母性行为性状的可能性。结果发现在PRLR基因的cDNA第1620位点处存在NaeⅠ多态性。测序表明, 该点存在一个T→C的单碱基突变, 属沉默突变。对3种基因型与部分行为性状进行最小二乘分析, 结果表明, AB型母猪与其他两种基因型母猪相比, 表现出较低的侧卧转为其他姿势的频率以及由母猪结束哺乳的频率(P<0.05), 其他行为性状在基因型间不显著。因此, 推测等位基因A可能是影响母猪母性行为的不良基因。