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两种化学修饰菌紫质的光化循环和光电位 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文分别用两种氮氧自由基对菌紫质(bR)中的两种氨基酸残基——赖氨酸和丝氨酸进行了修饰,并对修饰后的bR光循环中间产物M_(412)动力学过程、质子泵效率及光电响应信号进行了测量。通过与正常紫膜进行比较,可以看出:赖氨酸被修饰后,M_(412)快、慢组分的衰减及质子的吸收过程均减慢,M_(412)和质子的产额、跨膜光电位信号均有不同程度的提高;丝氨酸被修饰后,M_(412)和质子的动力学过程的变化与赖氨酸基本相同,但M_(412)和质子的产额及跨膜光电位提高很大,且光电位出现缓慢反向现象。结果表明赖氨酸不大可能直接参与质子的传递过程,其对紫膜质子泵的影响主要是通过其所带电荷对表面电位的贡献;而丝氨酸却似乎对bR的功能影响很大并对维持质子通道构象环境的稳定起着很大作用。 相似文献
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用化学修饰研究了菌紫质(BR)的结构和功能的变化。用氮氧自由基分别对赖氨酸和丝氨酸进行修饰,研究结果表明在圆二色谱上(CD谱),与天然紫膜样品比较,两种自由基分别修饰赖氨酸(Lys)和丝氨酸(Ser)残基24小时后的CD谱中均只有负峰,分别在596nm和602nm,535nm的正峰已消失,72小时后535nm的正峰部分地恢复,但120小时后均未见进一步恢复。与未修饰的紫膜相比,两种自由基修饰的紫膜在Raman光谱上观察到中间体M412的相对量要明显增加。本文对这二种化学修饰引起的BR结构和功能变化进行了初步讨论。 相似文献
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【目的】利用RNA-Seq技术探究修饰后的鼠源宿主防御肽CRAMP对铜绿假单胞菌PAO1成熟生物被膜的影响。【方法】采用结晶紫法检测生物被膜量,激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(CLSM)观察生物被膜形态学变化;利用Illumina二代高通量测序平台,采用PE150测序策略分析了CRAMP修饰肽干预PAO1生物被膜与对照组在转录水平的基因表达差异;利用1,3-萘二酚方法测定了PAO1生物被膜中藻酸盐含量。【结果】CRAMP修饰肽能显著减少PAO1成熟生物被膜量,并且在0.98–62.50μg/mL范围内呈一定浓度依赖性,CLSM显示CRAMP修饰肽能够显著减少细菌总荧光强度。转录组测序获得了12636700段干净读对,共鉴定出1582个差异基因,发现800个基因表达上调,782个基因表达下调。GO功能富集分析显示,1226个基因比对到GO功能分析数据库,在这些差异表达基因中,与分子功能、生物过程和细胞组成有关。KEGG通路富集分析显示,有603个表达差异显著基因比对到KEGG中的96条代谢途径,其中主要是各类氨基酸代谢途径、脂肪酸代谢途径、三羧酸循环、生物被膜调控系统等。分析发现CRAMP修饰肽可能作用于PAO1 c-di-GMP系统,增强细菌运动性和生物被膜分散,并且与其密度感应(quorum sensing,QS)系统和藻酸盐合成相关。最后经验证,CRAMP修饰肽显著减少了PAO1成熟生物被膜中藻酸盐的含量。【结论】CRAMP修饰肽对PAO1成熟生物被膜具有明显的清除作用,且能导致成熟生物被膜藻酸盐含量下降。通过转录组数据分析,可能是由于CRAMP修饰肽使PAO1c-di-GMP水平下调导致的,具体机制还有待进一步探究。 相似文献
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酰化菌紫质的动力学光谱及光电特性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用人工双分子膜(BLM)技术及动力学光谱研究了赖氨酸残基在紫膜的结构和功能中所起的作用.酰化基团与菌紫质(bR)分子中的赖氨酸残基的ε氨基作用,使光照后bR的跨膜质子迁移信号及膜的充放电速度变慢,光循环中间产物M412的产量下降,半衰期延长.但UV/Vis吸收光谱表明酰化并未破坏bR中视黄醛的构象环境.在高pH或高盐浓度下,酰化的影响降低.这些结果表明:赖氨酸残基并不是泵出质子的提供者,没有直接参与质子的跨膜输运,而是通过表面电位来影响bR的质子泵功能. 相似文献
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温度升高使天然紫膜在可见差分吸收光谱中650nm处出现一吸收峰,这意味着紫膜去离子兰膜的形成,而这在脱氧胆酸处理后的紫膜中并未出现.天然紫膜与脱脂紫膜在630nm处的吸收与温度间的关系进一步表明:只有天然紫膜在温度大于68℃才有膜结合离子的释放,释放的离子结合于移去的膜脂之上.紫膜结合离子的释放改变了天然紫膜中bR的构象.热致离子的释放还受介质pH值及介质中离子的影响.pH5.03时,热致离子释放温度提前至温度46℃,而pH7.00,10mM MgCl_2及pH9.00时都没有观察到紫膜离子释放.温度对紫膜在不同pH值时表面电位影响的不一致性进一步表明这是由于膜表面电荷参与的结果. 相似文献
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运用结晶紫染色定量法、生物被膜形态观察、生物被膜干重称量法、活菌定量计数法和细菌内活性氧检测法,评估氧化铁纳米酶和硫化铁纳米酶对鼠伤寒沙门菌生物被膜的影响及其机制.结果显示:鼠伤寒沙门菌S025株与这两类铁基纳米酶共孵育48h后,其生物被膜结晶紫染色吸光度值(A)、生物被膜厚度、生物被膜干重和活菌数量与未处理组相比均显著下降,活性氧水平显著上升,其中硫化铁纳米酶效果优于四氧化三铁纳米酶;在生物被膜形成后,加入铁基纳米酶处理0.5h、2h和12h,生物被膜结晶紫染色A值、生物被膜厚度、生物被膜干重和活菌数量与未处理组相比均显著下降,活性氧水平显著上升,硫化铁纳米酶效果同样优于四氧化三铁纳米酶.以上结果表明,铁基纳米酶通过调控鼠伤寒沙门菌胞内活性氧水平,不仅可以预防该菌的生物被膜形成,而且可以破坏已形成的生物被膜,本研究将有助于预防和治疗鼠伤寒沙门菌生物被膜引起的相关疾病. 相似文献
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Patrick Reichmuth Hans Sigrist Martin Badertscher Werner E Morf Nicolaas F de Rooij Ern? Pretsch 《Bioconjugate chemistry》2002,13(1):90-96
Lipophilic polymer membranes incorporating binding sites are widely used in various potentiometric, amperometric, and optical sensors. Here, we report on the biofunctional modification of the surface of a Ca(2+)-selective membrane. A photoactivatable biotin derivative was synthesized and covalently immobilized on a soft polyurethane membrane. The modified polymer was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as by potentiometric measurements. The selective binding of streptavidin by the photo-cross-linked biotin derivative was demonstrated. The surface coverage obtained with different experimental protocols was analyzed by autoradiography using [(35)S]-streptavidin. The new approach may significantly extend the scope of applicability of potentiometric sensors. 相似文献
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Effects of modification of the tyrosine residues of bacteriorhodopsin with tetranitromethane.
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Treatment of the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium with tetranitromethane led to modification of tyrosine residues. Modification of more than 3-4 tyrosine residues per bacteriorhodopsin monomer caused a decrease in the light-induced proton-pumping ability of purple membrane in synthetic lipid vesicles, loss of the sharp X-ray-diffraction patterns characteristic of the crystal lattice, loss of the absorbance maximum at 560 nm, and change in the buoyant density of the membrane. No modification of lipid was detected. These changes were interpreted as a gradual denaturation of the protein component such that when 8-9 tyrosine residues are modified, no proton pumping is observed. Modification of less than 3-4 tyrosine residues with tetranitromethane caused an increse in light-induced proton pumping. It was possible to generate partly modified purple membrane which had completely lost the property of diffracting X-rays into the sharp pattern observed with native purple membrane, but which still retained the ability to pump protons in a vectorial manner. Retention of crystal lattice is not essential for proton pumping. 相似文献
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Purple membranes of were modified with fluorescamine. At pH 8.8, with a molar ratio of fluorescamine to bacteriorhodopsin of 170, about 6 residues of lysine were modified while the arginines were not affected at all. Except for the appearance of the fluorescamine peak at 394 nm and some broadening of the chromophore peak at 570 nm, the absorption spectrum of bacteriorhodopsin was not significantly changed after modification. After fluorescamine modification, circular dichroism studies indicated loss of exciton coupling between bacteriorhodopsin molecules in the purple membrane. Rotational diffusion studies suggested enhanced mobility of the chromophore after modification. However, the spectral changes accompanying the light-to-dark adaptation of purple membranes were not prevented by fluorescamine modification. The implications of these findings are that exciton coupling between neighboring bacteriorhodopsin molecules in the purple membrane is not required for light-to-dark adaptation. 相似文献
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Irene Wuethrich Janneke G. C. Peeters Annet E. M. Blom Christopher S. Theile Zeyang Li Eric Spooner Hidde L. Ploegh Carla P. Guimaraes 《PloS one》2014,9(10)
Aerolysin is a secreted bacterial toxin that perforates the plasma membrane of a target cell with lethal consequences. Previously explored native and epitope-tagged forms of the toxin do not allow site-specific modification of the mature toxin with a probe of choice. We explore sortase-mediated transpeptidation reactions (sortagging) to install fluorophores and biotin at three distinct sites in aerolysin, without impairing binding of the toxin to the cell membrane and with minimal impact on toxicity. Using a version of aerolysin labeled with different fluorophores at two distinct sites we followed the fate of the C-terminal peptide independently from the N-terminal part of the toxin, and show its loss in the course of intoxication. Making use of the biotinylated version of aerolysin, we identify mesothelin, urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (uPAR, CD87), glypican-1, and CD59 glycoprotein as aerolysin receptors, all predicted or known to be modified with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The sortase-mediated reactions reported here can be readily extended to other pore forming proteins. 相似文献
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Control of bacteriorhodopsin color by chloride at low pH. Significance for the proton pump mechanism
The chromophore of bacteriorhodopsin undergoes a transition from purple (570 nm absorbance maximum) to blue (605 nm absorbance maximum) at low pH or when the membrane is deionized. The blue form was stable down to pH 0 in sulfuric acid, while 1 M NaCl at pH 0 completely converted the pigment to a purple form absorbing maximally at 565 Other acids were not as effective as sulfuric in maintaining the blue form, and chloride was the best anion for converting blue membrane to purple membrane at low pH. The apparent dissociation constant for Cl- was 35 mM at pH 0, 0.7 M at pH 1 and 1.5 M at pH 2. The pH dependence of apparent Cl- binding could be modeled by assuming two different types of chromophore-linked Cl- binding site, one pH-dependent. Chemical modification of bacteriorhodopsin carboxyl groups (probably Asp-96, -102 and/or -104) by 1-ethyl-3-dimethlyaminopropyl carbodiimide, Lys-41 by dansyl chloride, or surface arginines by cyclohexanedione had no effect on the conversion of blue to purple membrane at pH 1. Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy of chloride purple membrane minus acid blue membrane showed the protonation of a carboxyl group (trough at 1392 cm -1 and peak at 1731 cm -1). The latter peak shifted to 1723 cm -1 in D2O. Ultraviolet difference spectroscopy of chloride purple membrane minus acid blue membrane showed ionization of a phenolic group (peak at 243 nm and evidence for a 295 nm peak superimposed on a tryptophan perturbation trough). This suggests the possibility of chloride-induced proton transfer from a tyrosine phenolic group to a carboxylate side-chain. We propose a mechanism for the purple to acid blue to chloride purple transition based on these results and the proton pump model of Braiman et al. (Biochemistry 27 (1988) 8516-8520). 相似文献