微生物絮凝剂及其在污水处理中的应用

微生物絮凝剂是一种具有广泛应用前景的天然高分子絮凝剂 ,因其安全、高效、无二次污染等优点受到人们的广泛关注 ,已应用于污水处理、食品和发酵工业等。综述了微生物絮凝剂的主要组成、特点、絮凝机理及应用现状。     

植物在水产养殖废水处理中的研究进展

植物在生长繁殖过程中能吸收利用、富集、吸附和固定水产养殖水体中的有机物、无机物和重金属,降低养殖水体中的TP、TN、TSS、COD和BOD。同时,植物在水体中可通过其发达的通气组织和根系传输氧气,为微生物和其他生物的代谢活动提供适宜的条件。选择合适的植物构建人工湿地,通过人工湿地中植物、微生物和基质的物理作用、化学作用和生物作用处理水产养殖废水,可建立循环的水产养殖模式。将植物应用于水产养殖废水的处理,是实现可持续发展的生态型水产养殖的基础。本文综述了近年来藻类和高等植物在水产养殖废水处理中的研究进展。     

现代微生物识别技术在水产养殖环境研究中的应用

养殖环境的恶化已成为制约水产业健康发展的瓶颈。鉴于微生物在养殖水体中的重要作用,本文从技术角度对近年来发展起来的现代微生物分子识别技术进行了概括介绍,并综述了以核酸为靶分子和以微生物表面抗原为靶分子的两类微生物识别技术在水产养殖中的应用进展,为水产养殖环境的改善及其病害防治提供参考。     

改性微生物吸附剂在重金属废水处理中的应用进展

高效、低耗、环境友好的重金属废水处理方法是当前的研究热点之一,微生物吸附法因具有优良的吸附性能、不产生二次污染、环境友好性等优点,在重金属废水处理中有巨大的应用潜力。细菌、真菌、藻类等微生物可通过静电吸附、络合作用等将重金属结合到细胞壁表面。但未经处理的微生物往往吸附效果不佳,通过对微生物进行物理、化学等方法的改性处理,能显著增加微生物与重金属离子结合的活性位点,提高去除效果。本文对国内外微生物的改性方法以及改性微生物吸附剂对废水中重金属的吸附能力和影响因素进行阐述,讨论微生物吸附剂存在的相关问题,并对其未来的研究方向做简要展望。     

固定化微生物细胞技术在废水处理中的应用

近十几年来,随着我国经济的快速发展,也给环境带来较大程度的污染,尤其是污水,严重影响水资源的质量。文章主要针对固定化微生物细胞技术处理废水的基本原理、应用做简要的阐述。     

微生物絮凝剂在甘蔗糖厂中的应用研究

经过初筛、复筛,从活性污泥中分离出一株富产絮凝剂并适用于甘蔗蔗汁絮凝澄清的微生物菌株A。根据生化和生理特征及光学显微镜和电镜扫描的形态观察,初步鉴定该菌株为轮枝孢属(Verticilliumsp.)。同时对菌株进行培养条件的初步实验,获得该菌株产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件为:pH6.0,28℃,140r/min,培养4d。最佳碳氮源分别为葡萄糖和牛肉膏。微生物发酵液在蔗汁沉降试验中的絮凝率为69.2%,清汁色值IU为87.4。     

微生物絮凝剂处理废水的研究和发展趋势

概括了微生物絮凝剂及其产生菌的研究成果,重点阐述了微生物絮凝剂在处理高浓度废水、废水脱色、废水除浊、废水除油、污泥脱水和污泥改性等方面的研究现状,并指出研究中存在的问题。同时,提出微生物絮凝剂在废水处理领域的发展趋势和实现规模化生产的研究重点。     

基于微藻的水产养殖废水处理技术研究进展

摘要：利用微藻处理水产养殖废水是一项污水资源化生物技术。近年来,国内外开展了大量有关藻类培养和废水处理的研究,发展了藻类处理技术,包括藻类塘、活性藻、固定化藻类、光生物反应器。本文综述了微藻净化水产养殖废?水的原理、研究成果及应用实例,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

微生物处理高盐工业有机废水工艺研究进展

随着我国工业化进程加快,其所造成的水污染现象也越来越严重。含盐有机废水的排放会导致环境进一步恶化,为了合理循环利用水资源,相关废水的有效处理至关重要。本文从微生物角度出发,通过典型案例阐述了目前基于微生物所运行的生物工艺技术在高含盐有机废水领域中的研究进展,综述了微生物在高盐环境中的生存与耐受机制,以及在处理高盐工业有机废水方面的研究与应用情况,进一步提出了目前存在的问题及未来在本领域研究与应用的展望,为高盐工业有机废水的生物处理发展方向提供一定的参考。     

用ERIC-PCR结合分子杂交监测焦化废水处理系统(A2/O)中微生物群落结构的变化

建立一种不依赖纯培养 ,可以在废水处理工业现场使用的监测微生物群落结构变化的分子技术。以处理焦化工业废水(A2 /O生物膜工艺 )不同构筑物中的悬浮污泥的微生物群落为研究对象 ,每周采样 1次 ,连续 4周。获得悬浮污泥总 DNA的ERIC- PCR指纹图谱 ,结合分子杂交进一步区分相同条带间的不同序列信息。结果表明 ,在缺氧池 (A2池 )和好氧池 (O池 )之间 ,各个采样点的 ERIC- PCR图谱差异不大 ,悬浮污泥在各构筑物之间交流充分 ;同一采样点的图谱在不同采样时期具有明显差异 ,显示了在此期间微生物群落的连续动态变化过程。通过对生物膜系统中悬浮污泥的微生物群落结构的指纹图谱分析 ,可开发出对该系统微生物群落结构动态变化进行检测的技术     

絮凝剂产生菌培养条件的研究及在废水处理中的应用

通过菌种富集、分离、纯化,从含有大量微生物菌群的土壤和活性污泥中筛选到一株对高岭土悬浊液具有较高絮凝活性的絮凝剂产生菌,将其命名为B23.通过研究该菌株在不同培养时间的生长情况和发酵液的絮凝活性,从而得出发酵液絮凝活性与菌体生长量呈正相关.通过对该菌株培养条件的研究表明,在培养时间为24h、培养温度为30℃、培养基初始pH值为8.0,以葡萄糖为碳源、(NH4)2SO4为氮源时,发酵液絮凝活性最强.用B23菌株所产絮凝剂处理废水后,废水中CODCr的去除率为62.48%,SS的去除率为84.47%,表明该菌株有良好的实际应用前景.     

Global research trends on bioflocculant potentials in wastewater remediation from 1990 to 2019 using a bibliometric approach

The preference of biofloculants over chemical flocculants in water and wastewater remediation systems has gained wider attention due to their biodegradability, innocuousness, safety to human and environmental friendliness. The present study aimed to evaluate research outputs on bioflocculant potentials in wastewater remediation from 1990 to 2019 using bibliometric analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first bibliometric report in bioflocculant research. The subject bibliometric dataset was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Scopus using the Boolean, ‘bioflocculant* and waste*’ and analysed for indicators such as a yearly trend, productivity (authors, articles, country, institution and journal source), conceptual framework and collaboration network. We found 119 documents with 347 authors from 78 journal sources on the subject, an annual growth rate of 12·1%, and average citations/document of 15·08. Guo J. and Wang Y. were the top researchers with 15 and 12 outputs respectively. China (42%) and South Africa (9·24%) ranked the top two dominant countries in the field. The top journals were Bioresource Technology (9 papers, 506 citations), Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (5 papers, 268 citations), whereas, the top institution was Chengdu University of Information and Technology (n = 9 documents) followed by Sichuan Univ. Sci. & Engn, China (n = 8 documents). This study found that lack of intercountry collaboration and research funding adversely affects research participants in the field.     

Assessing water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassopes) and lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) effectiveness in aquaculture wastewater treatment

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) were analyzed to determine their effectiveness in aquaculture wastewater treatment in Malaysia. Wastewater from fish farm in Semanggol Perak, Malaysia was sampled and the parameters determined included, the pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrite phosphate (PO4(3-)), nitrate (NO(3-)), nitrite (NO(-2)), ammonia (NH3), and total kjedahl nitrogen (TKN). Also, hydroponics system was set up and was added with fresh plants weights of 150 +/- 20 grams Eichhornia crassipes and 50 +/- 10 grams Pistia stratiotes during the 30 days experiment. The phytoremediation treatment with Eichhornia crassipes had pH ranging from 5.52 to 5.59 and from 4.45 to 5.5 while Pistia stratiotes had its pH value from 5.76 to 6.49 and from 6.24 to 7.07. Considerable percentage reduction was observed in all the parameters treated with the phytoremediators. Percentage reduction of turbidity for Eichhornia crassipes were 85.26% and 87.05% while Pistia stratiotes were 92.70% and 93.69% respectively. Similar reductions were observed in COD, TKN, NO(3-), NH3, and PO4(3-). The capability of these plants in removing nutrients was established from the study. Removal of aquatic macrophytes from water bodies is recommended for efficient water purification.     

Biomass and porosity profiles in microbial granules used for aerobic wastewater treatment

AIMS: To obtain biomass and porosity profiles for aerobically grown granules of different diameters and to determine a suitable range of granule diameters for application in wastewater treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Microbial granules were cultivated in an aerobic granulated sludge reactor with model wastewaters containing acetate, or ethanol plus acetate, or glucose as the main carbon source. Granules were formed by retaining microbial aggregates using a settling time of 2 min. Sampled granules had diameters ranging from 0.45 to 3 mm. Microbial biomass in the granules was detected with the nucleic acid stain SYTO 9 and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The thickness of the microbial biomass layer was proportional to the granule diameter, and had a maximum value of 0.8 mm. The thickness of the microbial biomass layer correlated with the penetration depth of 0.1 microm fluorescent beads into the granule. CONCLUSIONS: The microbial biomass and porosity studies suggest that aerobically grown microbial granules should have diameters less than a critical diameter of 0.5 mm, if deployed for wastewater treatment applications. This critical diameter is based on the assumption that whole granules should have a porous biomass-filled matrix. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This work could contribute to the development of aerobic granulation technology for effective biological wastewater treatment.