应用高通量测序技术对蚊携带RNA病毒的检测研究

目的:基于高通量测序技术,分析我国不同边境地区蚊虫携带病原的多样性,为快速筛查蚊媒病原提供参考依据。方法:将采自不同边境地区的田间样品随机分为6组,提取病毒核酸,然后使用Ion S5 XL测序仪进行高通量测序,并进行生物信息学分析。结果:在6个蚊类混合样本中,有4个混合样本发现2种及2种以上的可疑病毒。结论:高通量测序检测体系有效地检测出蚊媒病毒的存在,初步揭示了蚊类所携带的病原体种类的多样性。     

基于高通量测序的RNA修饰检测技术

转录后修饰广泛存在于各种RNA分子中,对RNA发挥功能至关重要.目前,RNA上的化学修饰已达到160余种(https://iimeb.genesilico.pl/modomies/),其中甲基化修饰是最常见的修饰类型.薄层层析、高效液相色谱及质谱等传统的检测方法对RNA修饰的鉴定和定量做出了重要贡献.然而,RNA修饰的...     

基于小RNA(sRNA)深度测序技术进行病毒鉴定和发现的研究进展

sRNA深度测序技术是2009年起新兴的可用于病毒研究的组学技术,它突破了传统病毒鉴定技术的局限,直接以宿主中sRNA(small RNA)为研究对象,可以快速地鉴定侵染宿主的病毒组成。是一种发现新病毒,监控病毒变异的有效方法。人们用这种方法发现了很多有意义的病毒,研究领域涉及到植物、无脊椎动物和人体细胞等,充分显示siRNA组学方法应用在病毒鉴定和分类的实用意义。本文对该方法的主要原理,操作流程及应用进展等方面进行了综述,同时使用公开的sRNA深度测序数据进行了生物信息分析,进一步证实了该方法的可靠性。     

利用小RNA深度测序技术鉴定半夏病毒病病原

RNA沉默是真核生物体内由病毒来源的干扰小RNA（virus derived small interfering RNA, vsiRNA）沉默复合物介导目标RNA特异降解的一种保守机制,通过对vsiRNA分析可进行植物病毒病原鉴定。本文利用小RNA深度测序技术对感病半夏叶片进行鉴定,结果发现,表现典型花叶症状的半夏叶片受到大豆花叶病毒（Soybean mosaic virus, SMV）、黄瓜花叶病毒（Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV）、芋花叶病毒（Dasheen mosaic virus, DsMV）、魔芋花叶病毒（Konjac mosaic virus, KoMV）、烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV）等多种病毒的复合侵染。为明确SMV山西半夏分离物（SMV-SXBX）的进化关系,进行SMV-SXBX全基因组克隆与分析,获得SMV-SXBX全长为9 735 nt,编码一个由3 105个氨基酸组成的多聚蛋白质。通过核苷酸与氨基酸序列比对发现,SMV-SXBX与半夏分离物P同源性最高,分别为91.1%和94.1%,且系统发育分析表明,SMV-SXBX与半夏SMV分离物P聚为一簇。同时,也对vsiRNA进行了系统分析,研究结果有望为半夏SMV的有效防治提供一定科学依据。     

致倦库蚊对登革Ⅱ型病毒的中肠感染屏障作用

为探讨致倦库蚊对登革Ⅱ型病毒的中肠感染屏障作用,通过病毒分离、逆转录聚合酶链反应、透射电镜等技术进行了相关研究。结果表明：吸食感染性血液后,登革Ⅱ型病毒能侵染白纹伊蚊中肠上皮细胞并大量复制,但不能侵染致倦库蚊中肠上皮细胞。以上研究证明致倦库蚊对登革Ⅱ型病毒存在中肠感染屏障。     

利用小RNA深度测序技术检测灰飞虱病毒种类

灰飞虱是一种重要农业害虫,作为病毒介体,可以传播多种植物病毒引起水稻、小麦和玉米等粮食作物病毒病害。目前对于灰飞虱体内昆虫病毒种类尚缺乏系统认识,难以开展利用昆虫病毒防治灰飞虱相关研究工作。为挖掘灰飞虱体内昆虫病毒资源,本文通过小RNA深度测序技术对灰飞虱所携带的病毒种类进行分析鉴定。结果显示,测序数据比对得到13种病毒,涉及8个病毒科和2种未分类病毒。除占据优势的水稻条纹病毒外,其余均为专性寄生的昆虫病毒,包括5种正链RNA病毒、2种单链DNA病毒和5种双链DNA病毒。在这些病毒中,发现了一种与果蝇A病毒较相似的新病毒,克隆出其依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶(RdRP)基因1-1 932位核酸序列,经Blast比对和系统进化分析,在氨基酸序列中发现RdRP掌型亚结构域保守区呈现复制酶置换四体病毒科(Permutotetraviridae)病毒所具有的“C-A-B”排列样式,确定该病毒是一种新的类复制酶置换四体病毒,暂命名为Laodelphax striatellus permutotetra-like virus(LsPLV)。这是首次在半翅目昆虫中发现类复制酶置换四体病毒。本研究表明灰飞...     

利用高通量测序快速检测疑似感染患者体内未知病原体

采用第二代高通量测序技术从复杂的疑似感染患者组织标本中直接快速检测未知病原体.方法:取临床和实验室均不能确诊的病人血液和淋巴组织,进行病毒DNA和RNA的提取,直接用于第二代高通量测序,将测序结果用于生物信息学分析,与本地化的病毒核酸数据库进行比对,寻找潜在的病毒序列.结果:生物信息学分析显示,3901条序列reads与人内源性病毒K113同源;当使用K113特异性引物对经过Dnasel处理的患者和正常个体进行荧光定量RT - PCR时,发现在患者体内K113病毒基因的表达远远高于正常个体,提示该患者可能存在K113病毒的感染.结论:第二代高通量测序可能用于快速检测未知病原体.     

病毒siRNA介导的RNA干扰途径与机制

RNA干扰(RNAi)是真核生物体内重要的基因表达调控方式之一.RNAi的一种原始的作用是帮助生物体抵抗病毒,早期的研究表明无脊椎动物可以利用RNAi抵抗病毒,但是哺乳动物是否存在这一机制一直存在争议.最新的研究发现了哺乳动物RNAi抗病毒的强有力的证据,并且研究人员认为,这是一种之前被忽视的、全新的免疫途径.值得注意...     

基于高通量测序技术的细菌非编码RNA研究方法进展北大核心CSCD

细菌非编码RNA指细菌中不编码蛋白质,而以RNA的分子形式起调控作用的一类核酸分子。高通量测序技术的应用极大地推进了多种细菌中非编码RNA的发现工作,但由于现阶段对细菌非编码RNA特征的认识尚不够深入,该领域测序数据的生物信息学分析还存在许多不足。介绍了应用高通量测序技术研究细菌非编码RNA的两种主要技术——RNA-seq技术和d RNA-seq技术,对现行的筛选非编码RNA的生物信息学分析方法进行综述,并对该领域生物信息学分析策略的改进提出设想。     

新一代高通量RNA测序数据的处理与分析

随着新一代高通量DNA测序技术的快速发展,RNA测序(RNA-seq)已成为基因表达和转录组分析新的重要手段．RNA-seq技术产生的海量数据为生物信息学带来了新的机遇和挑战．有效地对测序数据进行针对性的生物信息学处理和分析,成为RNA-seq技术能否在科学探索中发挥重大作用的关键．以新一代Illumina/Solexa测序平台所产生的数据为例,在扼要介绍高通量RNA-seq测序流程的基础上,对RNA-seq数据处理和分析的方法和现有软件做一个较为全面的综述,并对其中有待进一步研究的问题进行展望．     

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

RNA viruses are responsible for major human diseases such as flu, bronchitis, dengue, Hepatitis C or measles. They also represent an emerging threat because of increased worldwide exchanges and human populations penetrating more and more natural ecosystems. A good example of such an emerging situation is chikungunya virus epidemics of 2005-2006 in the Indian Ocean. Recent progresses in our understanding of cellular pathways controlling viral replication suggest that compounds targeting host cell functions, rather than the virus itself, could inhibit a large panel of RNA viruses. Some broad-spectrum antiviral compounds have been identified with host target-oriented assays. However, measuring the inhibition of viral replication in cell cultures using reduction of cytopathic effects as a readout still represents a paramount screening strategy. Such functional screens have been greatly improved by the development of recombinant viruses expressing reporter enzymes capable of bioluminescence such as luciferase. In the present report, we detail a high-throughput screening pipeline, which combines recombinant measles and chikungunya viruses with cellular viability assays, to identify compounds with a broad-spectrum antiviral profile.     

白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊经卵传递登革病毒的研究

白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊通过吸食病毒液或叮吸有病毒血症的小鸡血后,能感染登革１－４型病毒,并能在蚊体内增殖,对感染雌蚊了１和子２代幼虫,雌性或雄性成虫４５５９只,分１０１批进行了病毒检测,白纹伊蚊子１代的批阳性率;登革１型为１０％（１／１０）２型为２２．２２％（２／９）３型为３３．３３％（４／１２）,４型为２８．９５％（１１／３８）登革１～４型的最低子代感染率依次主国０．２０％,０．７１％,０．７０％和     

Influence of resource levels,organic compounds and laboratory colonization on interspecific competition between the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta) and the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus

The mosquitoes Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta) (Skuse) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) are common inhabitants of tyres and other artificial containers, which constitute important peridomestic mosquito breeding habitats. We tested the hypotheses that interspecific resource competition between the larvae of these species is asymmetrical, that the concentration of chemicals associated with decomposing detritus affects the competitive outcomes of these species, and that wild and colonized strains of Cx. quinquefasciatus are affected differently by competition with Ae. albopictus. We conducted two laboratory competition experiments wherein we measured survivorship and estimated population growth (λ′) in both species under multiple mixed‐species densities. Under varying resource levels, competition was asymmetrical: Ae. albopictus caused competitive reductions or exclusions of Cx. quinquefasciatus under conditions of limited resources. In a second experiment, which used both wild and colonized strains of Cx. quinquefasciatus, organic chemical compounds associated with decomposing detritus did not affect the competitive outcome. The colonized strain of Cx. quinquefasciatus had greater survivorship and adult mass, and faster development times than the wild strain, but both strains were similarly affected by competition with Ae. albopictus. Competition between these species may have important consequences for vector population dynamics, especially in areas in which tyres and artificial containers constitute the majority of mosquito breeding habitats.     

Oviposition substrate selection by Florida mosquitoes in response to pathogen‐infected conspecific larvae

The impact of the presence of larval mosquito pathogens with potential for biological control on oviposition choice was evaluated for three mosquito species/pathogen pairs present in Florida. These included Aedes aegypti infected with Edhazardia aedis, Aedes albopictus infected with Vavraia culicis, and Culex quinquefasciatus infected with Culex nigripalpus nucleopolyhedrovirus (CuniNPV). Two‐choice oviposition bioassays were performed on each host and pathogen species with one oviposition cup containing infected larvae and the other cup containing uninfected larvae (control). Both uninfected and E. aedis‐infected female Ae. aegypti laid significantly fewer eggs in oviposition cups containing infected larvae. Uninfected gravid female Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus oviposited equally in cups containing uninfected larvae or containing larvae infected with V. culicis or CuniNPV, respectively. Gravid female Ae. albopictus infected with V. culicis did not display ovarian development and did not lay eggs. The decreased oviposition by gravid Ae. aegypti in containers containing E. aedis‐infected larvae may indicate that the infected larvae produce chemicals deterring oviposition.     

Mosquitoes of Rarotonga,Cook Islands: A survey of breeding sites

Abstract

Two surveys of Rarotonga, Cook Islands (21°20^'S, 160°16^'W) were made to determine the mosquito fauna of the island, and to identify the habitats required for breeding by searching for larvae. The first survey was made during the “dry season” in May 2001, the second during the “wet season” in February 2002. The mosquito fauna comprised four species Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say, Culex (Culex) annulirostris Skuse, Aedes (Stego‐myia) aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes (Stegomyia) polynesiensis Marks. Larvae of the Culex species were most often found in larger natural and artificial water bodies. The Aedes species bred in both natural and artificial containers of all sizes. Ae. polynesiensis was the most widespread species, using natural holes in all regions as well as artificial containers in the urban areas. Most larvae of Ae. aegypti were located in small artificial containers. The two Aedes species are the vectors of dengue fever on the island. Mosquito control during outbreaks should specifically target the artificial containers preferred by Aedes sp. for breeding habitats.     

Susceptibility of mosquitoes in central Taiwan to natural infections of Dirofilaria immitis

From October 1997 to September 1998, 3085 Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae), 584 Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (Giles) (Diptera: Culicidae), 392 Cx. annulus (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae), 374 Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) and 102 Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillet) (Diptera: Culicidae) were collected and examined for Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy) (Spirurida: Filariidae) infection. However, only Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus were infected, with a prevalence of 4.28% and 3.74%, respectively. The intensity of D. immitis found in Ae. albopictus (3.43 larvae/mosquito) was higher than that found in Cx. quinquefasciatus (2.89 larvae/mosquito). After being fed with canine blood containing 7500 microfilariae (mf) per mL, Cx. quinquefasciatus ingested approximately two times as many mf as Ae. albopictus (mean of 31.73 in comparison to 16.47). However, almost three times as many third-stage infective larvae developed in Ae. albopictus as in Cx. quinquefasciatus (mean of 3.25 as compared with 1.10), with a vector efficiency index (VEI) of 19.73 and 3.47, respectively. The results showed that Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus served as natural vectors of D. immitis in central Taiwan. Although Ae. albopictus was more efficient for heartworm transmission, Cx. quinquefasciatus may play a more prominent role on the transmission of dirofilariasis in central Taiwan.