镶嵌式外固定架治疗长骨骨不连17例体会

目的:探讨长骨骨不连的一种治疗方法。方法:2007年1月至2009年8月,采用镶嵌式外固定架治疗17例长骨骨不连。本组17例,男11例,女6例,年龄16-64岁,平均31岁。2例为血源性骨髓炎病理性骨折后,股骨、胫骨各1例;6例为创伤性骨髓炎后骨折不愈,肱骨1例,股骨1例,胫骨4例;9例为手术后无感染性骨不连,肱骨2例,股骨2例,胫骨5例;7例有不同程度畸形,6例有1.5-8cm骨短缩,其中2例同时行骨痂延长术。结果:全部病人均获随访,随访时间9-20个月,以1975年天津全国骨科会议制定的骨折愈合标准为依据,本组17例病人均获得临床愈合,骨不连处平均愈合时间为4～9月(平均6.2月),1例延长8cm,另1例延长6cm。结论:利用镶嵌式外固定架治疗长骨骨不连一种简单有效的方法。     

外固定架联合抗感染活性骨治疗下肢创伤性骨髓炎

目的:验证外固定架联合抗感染活性骨(ARBX)治疗下肢创伤性骨髓炎的疗效。方法:25例下肢创伤性骨髓炎患者给予原内固定取出、病灶清除、断端修整、抗感染活性骨植骨、外固定架固定,通过长期随访,分析评价其疗效。结果:随访2-10年,平均6年,感染彻底控制无复发23例,感染治愈率92%;骨不连、骨缺损获得骨性愈合24例,1例残留骨不连,愈合时间6-24月,骨性愈合率96%。结论:外固定架联合抗感染活性骨是治疗下肢创伤性骨髓炎的安全有效手术方法。     

Ⅳ型镶嵌式外固定器治疗下肢长骨骨缺损

目的：探讨应用IV型镶嵌式外固定器治疗下肢长骨骨缺损的临床疗效。方法：1996年4月～2008年4月应用IV型镶嵌式外固定器治疗下肢长骨骨缺损48例患者,其中股骨8例,胫骨40例。骨缺损长度为5～15cm,平均8cm。随访时间9-27个月,平均18个月。结果：48例患者肢体长度均得到恢复;骨缺损达到骨性愈合,平均愈合时间8.2个月;6例骨折成角,均〈10°;12例共25处针孔感染;所有病例无神经血管损伤表现,髋、膝、踝关节活动均未受影响。结论：IV型镶嵌式外固定器是治疗长骨复杂骨缺损、成功重建肢体长度的有效方法。     

IV型镶嵌式外固定器治疗下肢长骨骨缺损

目的:探讨应用IV型镶嵌式外固定器治疗下肢长骨骨缺损的临床疗效.方法:1996年4月～2008年4月应用IV型镶嵌式外固定器治疗下肢长骨骨缺损48例患者,其中股骨8例,胫骨40例.骨缺损长度为5～15cm,平均8cm.随访时间9-27个月,平均18个月.结果:48例患者肢体长度均得到恢复;骨缺损达到骨性愈合,平均愈合时间8.2个月;6例骨折成角,均<10°;12例共25处针孔感染;所有病例无神经血管损伤表现,髋、膝、踝关节活动均未受影响.结论:IV型镶嵌式外固定器是治疗长骨复杂骨缺损、成功重建肢体长度的有效方法.     

扩髓更换髓内钉治疗髓内钉固定后股骨干肥大性骨不连

目的:评价扩髓更换髓内钉治疗髓内钉固定后股骨干肥大性骨不连的临床疗效及手术适应症。方法:自1998年4月至2009年6月采用扩髓更换髓内钉治疗11例髓内钉固定后股骨干肥大性骨不连,其中男9例,女2例,年龄23-61岁。平均36.2岁,骨折部位在股骨上1/3者2例;中1/3者6例;下1/3者3例,原始骨折Winquist-Hansen分型:I型2例,II型3例,III型4例,IV型2例。结果:11例患者均获随访,时间:11～56个月,平均27.4个月,2例患肢短缩1 cm。另4例未获得骨性愈合,3例再次采用附加钢板合并自体髂骨植骨,1例远端锁钉动力化,再次干预后获得骨性愈合,愈合时间6～16个月,平均8.3个月。结论:扩髓更换髓内钉是治疗髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连的传统方法,基于力学稳定和临床观察,更适用于股骨中段骨不连。     

重组合异种骨治疗股骨非感染性骨不连的长期疗效观察

目的:探讨重组合异种骨治疗股骨非感染性骨不连的长期临床疗效。方法:对2000年1月至2006年9月间我院应用重组合异种骨(RBX)治疗的37例股骨非感染性骨不连患者进行回顾性分析,其中男26例,女11例;年龄4～70岁,平均31.6岁。骨折部位:股骨近端4例,中段30例,远端3例。骨不连类型:肥大型9例,营养不良型6例,萎缩型22例。固定方式:加压钢板24例,髓内钉11例,外固定架2例。结果:37例患者获得51-131个月的随访,平均90.2个月,骨不连一次手术愈合率:94.6%,4例股骨近端骨不连患者采用Harris评分系统评定疗效,优3例,良1例,差0例,优良率100%。3例股骨远端骨不连患者采用美国膝关节协会评分系统(KSS)评定疗效,优1例,例良1例,差1例,优良率66.7%。30例股骨干骨不连患者采用Harris评分系统和KSS评定疗效,优21例,良8例,差1例,优良率96.7。总优良率94.6%。长期观察均无免疫排斥反应表现。结论:RBX用于治疗股骨非感染性骨不连具有材料充足、骨折愈合率高、组织兼容性好长期应用无免疫排斥反应等优点,是一种良好的自体骨替代材料。     

15例腓肠肌岛状穿支肌皮瓣修复胫骨近端骨髓炎伴骨外露的临床观察

目的:观察腓肠肌岛状穿支肌皮瓣治疗胫骨近端骨髓炎伴骨外露的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年6月在我科收治的15例胫骨近端骨髓炎伴骨外露患者,采用彻底清创、腓肠肌岛状穿支肌皮瓣进行修复治疗,皮肤缺损面积为5cm×4 cm~8 cm×6 cm,切取皮瓣面积为6 cm×5cm~9 cm×7 cm。术后对皮瓣成活率、并发症、膝踝关节功能、皮瓣外观满意度进行随访观察。结果:本组15例中14例肌皮瓣一期愈合,1例二期愈合,术后随访6~18个月无感染复发病例,膝踝关节功能良好。根据改良ASAMI评分系统评价疗效:优10例,良4例,中1例,差0例。结论:腓肠肌岛状穿支肌皮瓣修复胫骨近端骨髓炎伴骨外露具有良好疗效。     

抗感染活性骨治疗感染性胫骨骨不连的临床研究

目的:观察抗感染活性骨(ARBX)治疗感染性胫骨骨不连的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析我院自2008年1月-2015年1月收治并系统随访应用抗感染骨治疗的36例创伤后感染性骨不连病例,给予原内固定取出或外架拆除,病灶清除,去除硬化骨及死骨,髓腔再通,抗感染活性骨植骨,外架或钢板重新固定,统计患者病程时间,伤口愈合时间,患者院前手术次数,滴注引流时间及抗生素应用疗程,骨性愈合时间,内、外固定物拆除时间以及功能恢复情况,并总结治疗疗效。结果:平均随访2.4年(1年2月-4年10月),骨不连彻底治愈30例,4例患者感染控制,半皮质愈合,2例感染复发,骨不连未愈合。结论:1抗感染活性骨是治疗感染性骨不连的一种有效的植骨材料,具有控制感染,促进骨折愈合的作用;2彻底清除坏死,失活组织是控制感染,促进感染性骨不连愈合的关键;3清理断端,断端骨髓腔再通可促进成骨,促进骨折愈合。     

LCP结合自体髂骨联合RBX植骨治疗非感染萎缩型肱骨干骨不连的体会

目的:探讨锁定加压钢板(Locked compression plate,LCP)结合自体髂骨联合重组合异种骨(recombinant bone xenograft,RBX)植骨治疗非感染萎缩型肱骨干骨不连的疗效及相关体会。方法:于2009年2月-2015年9月期间,应用LCP结合自体髂骨联合RBX植骨治疗了15例非感染萎缩型肱骨干骨不连。结果:本组获随访9-29个月,骨不连均获得愈合。肩关节功能优良率86.7%,肘关节功能优良率100%。结论:依据本组研究及相关文献报道,LCP结合自体髂骨植骨联合RBX植骨可提高骨不连愈合率。     

应力叩击仪促进胫骨骨折外固定架术后骨折愈合的临床观察

目的:探讨应力叩击仪促进胫骨骨折外固定架术后骨折愈合的临床价值。方法:选取132例胫骨骨折患者为研究对象,随机抽样法分成研究组和对照组两组,各66例。对照组采用术后常规干预方案,研究组予以术后应力叩击仪叩击治疗方案。比对两组患者的骨不愈合率、骨延迟愈合率、骨折愈合时间、完全负重时间、骨折6个月时Lane-Sandhu X线评分及Johner-wruh评估情况。结果:1研究组骨不愈合率及骨延迟愈合率分别为4.5%和7.6%,均显著低于对照组的19.7%和22.7%(P0.05);2研究组骨折愈合时间及完全负重时间分别为(82.6±9.2)d和(101.5±10.5)d,均显著短于对照组的(105.9±10.3)d和(122.4±10.3)d,(P0.05);对照组骨折6个月时Lane-Sandhu X线评分为(2.2±0.5)分,显著低于研究组的(3.0±0.5)分,(P0.05);3研究组骨折6个月时Johner-wruh优良率为90.1%,显著高于对照组的75.8%(P0.05)。结论:应力叩击仪应用于胫骨骨折患者外固定架手术后的康复治疗中,可有效缩短骨折愈合时间、提高骨折愈合率,对加快骨痂生长速度、促进病情转归有利。     

自固化磷酸钙人工骨修复小儿局部骨缺损的临床应用

目的：研讨自固化磷酸钙人工骨（Calcium Phosphate Cement,CPC)填充修复小儿局部骨缺损的临床意义,方法：选用CPC修复小儿骨缺损18例,年龄最小8个月,最大12岁,平均8岁,骨缺损部位：肱骨9例,胫骨6例,胫骨3例,病因,单纯性骨囊肿8例,骨纤维异常增生症5例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿4例,嗜酸性肉芽肿1例,骨缺损大小,最大7cm,最小2cm,平均5cm,CPC填充方式：单纯粉末7例,粉末＋松质骨粒6例,粉末＋条形骨块5例。CPC初步固化时间,最短15分钟,最长30分钟,平均20分钟,随访时间：13－27个月,平均18．5个月。结果：全组18例应用CPC后未见明显局部和全身不良反应。手术前后血PH值钙磷代谢无异常改变。X线片显示：CPC与宿主骨接触紧密,无脱落,术后3个月出现降解,新生骨形成。结论：CPC安全无毒,使用方便,易塑形,生物相容性好,能在体内降解,可以替代自体骨材料在小儿局部骨缺损应用。     

Influence of early qualitative feed restriction and environmental temperature on long bone development of broiler chickens

This investigation was carried out to study the influence of early qualitative feed restriction and environmental rearing temperature on long bone development in broiler. Energy and protein restriction reduced femur width and humerus weight, but did not affect tibia parameters. Broilers kept at cold environmental temperature showed reduced femur, tibia and humerus length and tibia weight, but the calculated density was not affected by rearing temperature. These findings suggest that qualitative feed restriction and environmental temperature influenced the normal long bone growth; however, bone weight/bone length index (calculated density) was not affected by rearing temperature.     

Three-dimensional reconstruction of fracture callus morphogenesis.

Rat and mouse femur and tibia fracture calluses were collected over various time increments of healing. Serial sections were produced at spatial segments across the fracture callus. Standard histological methods and in situ hybridization to col1a1 and col2a1 mRNAs were used to define areas of cartilage and bone formation as well as tissue areas undergoing remodeling. Computer-assisted reconstructions of histological sections were used to generate three-dimensional images of the spatial morphogenesis of the fracture calluses. Endochondral bone formation occurred in an asymmetrical manner in both the femur and tibia, with cartilage tissues seen primarily proximal or distal to the fractures in the respective calluses of these bones. Remodeling of the calcified cartilage proceeded from the edges of the callus inward toward the fracture producing an inner-supporting trabecular structure over which a thin outer cortical shell forms. These data suggest that the specific developmental mechanisms that control the asymmetrical pattern of endochondral bone formation in fracture healing recapitulated the original asymmetry of development of a given bone because femur and tibia grow predominantly from their respective distal and proximal physis. These data further show that remodeling of the calcified cartilage produces a trabecular bone structure unique to fracture healing that provides the rapid regain in weight-bearing capacity to the injured bone.     

中西医结合内固定治疗股骨远端骨折30例临床研究

目的探讨DCS内固定配合中医药对30例股骨远端骨折的治疗效果。方法按AO分类：A型14例,B型6例,C型10例,经股骨下段前外侧切口入路整复骨折,并用DCS固定骨折配合中药内服外敷,术后早期进行康复训练。结果经1年随访,骨折愈合,平均愈合时间6个月,关节功能优良率85.71%,其中C型骨折1例术后出现膝内翻。结论DCS内固定配合中医药是治疗股骨远端骨折是较理想的方法。可早期进行康复训练。     

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Ilizarov Methods in the Treatment of Infected Nonunion of Tibia and Femur

Background

Infected nonunion of tibia and femur are common in clinical practice, however, the treatment of these diseases has still been a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Ilizarov methods can eradicate infection, compensate bone defects and promote the bone union through progressive bone histogenesis. The objective of this systematic review was to review current available studies reporting on Ilizarov methods in the treatment of infected nonunion of tibia and femur, and to perform meta-analysis of bone and functional results and complications to evaluate the efficacy of Ilizarov methods.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed from the SCI, PubMed, Cochrane Library; and Embase between January 1995 and August 2015. Some major data were statistically analyzed using weighted means based on the sample size in each study by SPSS 13.0, including number of patients, mean age, mean previous surgical procedures, mean bone defects, mean length of follow-up, bone union, complications per patient, external fixation time, and external fixation index(EFI). Bone results (excellent, good, fair and poor rate), functional results (excellent, good, fair and poor rate) and complications were analyzed by Stata 9.0.

Findings

A total of 590 patients from 24 studies were included in this systematic review. The average of bone union rate was 97.26% in all included studies. The poor rate in bone results and functional results was 8% (95%CI, 0.04–0.12; I² = 44.1%, P = 0.065) and 10% (95%CI, 0.05–0.14; I² = 34.7%, P = 0.121) in patients with infected nonunion of tibia and femur treated by Ilizarov methods. The rate of refracture, malunion, infectious recurrence, knee stiffness, amputation, limb edema and peroneal nerve palsy was respectively 4%, 7%, 5%, 12%, 4%, 13% and 13%.

Conclusions

Our systematic review showed that the patients with infected nonunion of tibia and femur treated by Ilizarov methods had a low rate of poor bone and functional results. Therefore, Ilizarov methods may be a good choice for the treatment of infected nonunion of tibia and femur.     

Teriparatide as a Systemic Treatment for Lower Extremity Nonunion Fractures: A Case Series

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of teriparatide (parathyroid hormone [1-34]) on the healing of long bone nonunion fractures.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients with fracture nonunion, aged 10 to 99 years who were treated with teriparatide at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia or the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania between November 2002 and January 2013. The primary endpoints were radiographic evidence of callus formation and fracture union, ability to bear weight without affected limb limp, and normal range of motion and strength.ResultsSix patients aged 19 to 64 years with tibial or femoral fractures that had not healed for 3 to 36 months were treated with teriparatide 20 μg/day. Accelerated healing of fracture nonunion was confirmed in 5 of 6 patients with time to complete union of 3 to 9 months. The shortest time to recovery was observed in younger patients without comorbidities. Treatment was well tolerated.ConclusionTeriparatide is a promising treatment for nonunion fractures, but its response depends on associated comorbidities. The potential benefit of teriparatide as an adjunct to treat nonunion justifies randomized placebo-controlled trials to determine its efficacy and safety in broader populations. (Endocr Pract. 2015;21:136-142)     

锁定加压钢板行微创技术治疗老年性股骨远端骨折临床疗效分析

目的:评价用锁定加压钢板行微创技术治疗老年性股骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2012年1月到2015年6月间,我院用锁定加压钢板行微创技术治疗27例60岁以上老年性股骨远端骨折患者(其中1例为双侧),通过观察患者伤口愈合情况、骨折愈合情况及相关并发症,并采用Kolmert评分标准评价其临床效果。结果:本组27例患者均获得随访,其中1例患者(单侧)在术后25 d死亡,其余病例随访6-30月,平均14.7月,术后切口有1例延迟愈合,余均一期愈合,骨折在末次随访均骨性愈合,未见骨折移位、内固定物失效、骨折畸形愈合、骨折不愈合等不良并发症,根据Kolmert评分标准,优10例,良13例,可3例,差1例,优良率为85%。结论:锁定加压钢板行微创技术治疗老年性股骨远端骨折可达到固定牢固、能早期功能练习、术后并发症少、术后效果满意的疗效。     

逆行交锁髓内钉联合单侧骨皮质锁定钢板固定治疗股骨髁上骨不连

目的:探讨逆行交锁髓内钉联合单侧骨皮质钢板固定治疗股骨髁上骨不连的临床疗效。方法:对25例股骨髁上骨不连,均采用逆行交锁髓内钉联合单侧骨皮质钢板固定加自体髂骨植骨治疗。结果:25例获12～24个月随访,平均12个月。4～8个月内均获骨性愈合。结论:应用逆行交锁髓内钉联合单侧骨皮质钢板固定后骨折端可获得坚强内固定,手术操作简便、安全,可早期进行膝关节和股四头肌功能锻炼,是一种治疗股骨髁上骨不连的有效方法。