基于腾讯出行大数据的北京市郊野公园游憩使用及影响因素研究

北京在21世纪初开始建设郊野公园,其建设在实现土地集约利用的同时,还对平原地区游憩体系实现补充。选取北京40个典型的郊野公园,运用腾讯出行大数据结合现场调研,使用核密度、地理探测器等方法分析不同公园的使用差异,理清不同因素对郊野公园使用的影响。研究表明：1）郊野公园存在明显的时间差异,所有郊野公园周末的人流量都大于工作日人流量。2）使用空间分布整体上呈现由单核聚集向双核聚集扩散。3）影响郊野公园游人空间分布的3个外部因素中,按影响强弱排序为商业设施＞人口密度＞交通便利度。4）公园内部因素中,公园游憩设施、服务设施质量及道路总长度对其使用影响显著,但各因素对不同规模的公园影响程度不同。研究将会为郊野公园规划和建设提供重要建议：1）构建郊野公园绿色综合体。2）着力推动部分郊野公园的城市公园化建设提升。3）构建以提升游憩服务为目标的郊野公园分类建设标准。     

Picking at the Paint: Viewing Contemporary Bushman Art as Art

In most writing on contemporary Bushman art the art is discussed as a tool of development, a tourism endeavor and an income generator. While these are aims both legitimate and beneficial to the communities involved, they also work (implicitly yet effectively) to separate the art, artist and subsequently the community out of which the art is produced from “the rest of us,” defining these communities as “other.” This article attempts to engage with contemporary Bushman art as art objects. Using criteria of judgment based on a functional semiotics of art, two works will be analyzed to prove that the works may be discussed as Art. The premise is that once people recognize the aesthetic intelligence imbued in these artworks they will be able to engage with the work in a way that is similarly intelligent and contemporary. The art and its people will then stand a better chance of being accepted into the realm of the everyday as opposed to being relegated to the sarcophagi of history. Once taken from this starting position, goals of community development and tourism endeavors linked to indigenous art can become that much more beneficial and life-changing for the communities concerned.     

Restoration Strategies for Coral Reefs Damaged by Recreational Activities: The Use of Sexual and Asexual Recruits

The unique marine ecosystems of coral reefs express varying levels of degradation as a result of increasing anthropogenic pressures. This is the main reason why more than 200 coral reef localities were proclaimed as natural reserves or marine parks under varying legislation, rules, and monitoring and management programs. Ironically, the conventional management plans increased accessibility to many reef localities and enhanced dramatically the impact of tourism on reef habitats. Recreational activities including SCUBA and skin diving, fishing, human trampling, sediment re-suspension, and other damage caused by “innocent” visitors are causing a rapid deterioration of many reefs. Their destruction requires years and decades for full recovery. I propose to rehabilitate such damaged habitats by the alternate strategy of “gardening coral reefs” with asexual and sexual recruits. Coral branches, colony fragments, and whole small colonies (asexual recruits) and laboratory or in situ settled planula-larvae (sexual recruits) are designed to be transplanted into denuded reefs for restoration. This approach is further improved when the sexual and asexual recruits are maricultured in situ within special protected areas, before being transplanted. The use of sexual recruits ensures an increase in genetic diversity. I discuss several methodologies and results already accumulated showing the applicability of this gardening strategy for rehabilitation of denuded coral reefs. This restoration strategy should be integrated with proper management similar to that of already established reforestation in terrestrial habitats. The best candidates for employing this strategy are the fast-growing coral species, usually branching forms and species that brood their planulae larvae.     

Recreational Physical Activity as an Independent Predictor of Multivariable Cardiovascular Disease Risk

The role of physical activity in preventing CVD has been highlighted by Professor Jerry Morris in the 1950’s. We report outcome of a 15-year prospective study with the aim to identify whether physical activity showed cardiovascular benefit independent of common risk factors and of central obesity. Baseline data of 8662 subjects, with no previous history of heart disease, diabetes or stroke, were obtained from an age- and gender- stratified sample of adults in Australian capital cities and were linked with the National Death Index to determine the causes of death of 610 subjects who had died to 31 December 2004. The study consisted of 4175 males (age 42.3±13.1 years) and 4487 females (age 42.8±13.2 years). Fasting serum lipid levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and smoking habits at baseline were recorded. The Framingham Risk Scores of 15-year mortality due to CHD and CVD were calculated using established equations. Subjects were also asked if they engaged in vigorous exercise, less vigorous exercise or walk for recreation and exercise in the past 2 weeks. Subjects in the high recreational physical activity category were 0.16 (0.06–0.43; p<0.001) and 0.12 (0.03–0.48; p = 0.003) times as likely as subjects in the low category for CVD and CHD mortality respectively. After adjusting for both the Framingham Risk Score and central obesity (Waist circumference to Hip circumference Ratio), those in the high recreational physical activity group were 0.35 (0.13–0.98) times less likely compared to the low category for CVD mortality. Recreational physical activity independently predicted reduced cardiovascular mortality over fifteen years. A public health focus on increased physical activity and preventing obesity is required to reduce the risk of CVD and CHD.     

The Film as an Art Form

In this article, the author explores the possibilities of teaching and learning through multiple-literacies in an arts environment. Acknowledging that technologies have a profound effect on our society, and often outpace our ability to properly assess or understand their implications, the author asserts that young people can become critical and active agents in their interactions with new media. Arts education, specifically theater education, is uniquely positioned to substantially contribute to these interactions between teachers and students that acknowledge and explore the new forms of literacy that are essential to navigating our contemporary culture. To this end, the author calls on arts educators to effectively engage with their students' multimodal concerns through interactions that value new multimodal literacies.     

PubMed, the New York Times and the Chicago Tribune as tools for teaching genetics

An elementary course in human heredity for students not planning to major in the sciences can be based on current scientific literature and on the popular media. Examinations are constructed from questions on recent abstracts obtained from PubMed. The course is designed to promote writing skills in the sciences, and students write two papers in the course of a quarter. In the first paper, students trace the primary source of media reports on genetics and attempt to evaluate the reporter's translation. In a second paper, students write popular articles on the basis of current primary sources.     

Achieving Dewaterization in Industrial Parks

Water resource management is a critical component of eco‐industrial parks. This article proposes a methodology, termed the water resource management model for industrial parks, that integrates a water input‐output table with water pinch technology. A case study of the Yixing Economic Development Zone (YEDZ) in China illustrates the methodology. Each sector's water utilization and direct and indirect intersectoral interactions of water and water pollutants in 2007 and 2015 are accounted for. It is proposed that water metabolism in 2015 could achieve certain objectives of water resource management in the YEDZ. In addition, future policies are proposed. The YEDZ needs to focus on improving various technologies regarding the manufacture of textiles, the manufacture of raw chemical materials and chemical products, and the production and supply of electric and heat power—which will promote the utilization of water cascading among sectors and encourage the reuse of treated water from wastewater treatment plants. Last, future work for water resource management is proposed.