滴水湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为研究上海市滴水湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,于2012年1—12月对滴水湖进行了一年调查采样。共检出浮游动物33属61种,其中轮虫22属45种,枝角类4属7种,桡足类7属9种。优势种包括10种轮虫,桡足类为中华窄腹剑水蚤(Limnoithona sinensis)和无节幼体,枝角类不形成优势种。浮游动物年均密度为1200个/L,年均生物量为1.67mg/L,种类数、密度和生物量均为春夏两季相对较高。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H'和Margalef丰富度指数D年均值分别为1.61和1.01,多样性季节差异显著而各样点间差异不显著。相关性分析和多元回归分析显示,水温是影响滴水湖浮游动物群落结构变化的决定性因子,冗余分析(RDA)显示TN、TP、叶绿素a和p H也是影响浮游动物群落变化的重要因素,表明滴水湖浮游动物群落结构的季节变化与水体营养状况密切相关。综合运用水质理化因子、综合营养状态指数、多样性指数及浮游动物优势种对滴水湖进行水质污染水平和富营养化评价,得出2012年滴水湖水质状况属于α-中污型,营养程度为中富营养水平。     

淀山湖浮游动物的群落结构及动态

为帮助利用生物操纵技术进行淀山湖水体富营养化治理,2004年1月至2005年12月对淀山湖浮游动物群落结构,包括种类组成、种群动态、现存量进行了2周年的系统调查.淀山湖浮游动物有128种,其中浮游原生动物23属29种、轮虫23属51种、枝角类15属33种、桡足类15种.年均密度6 965ind/L,原生动物和轮虫分别占62.19%和36.77%,密度高峰出现在春季;生物量年均为6.00mg/L,以轮虫和枝角类占优势,分别占51.65%和38.38%,生物量高峰出现在夏季.4个类群浮游动物多样性指数H'与其均匀度指数J呈显著正相关,原生动物群落多样性指数H'与其密度呈显著负相关.根据浮游动物密度及优势种组成特征判断,淀山湖水质为富营养型.原生动物多样性指数具有较好的水质指示作用.     

千岛湖浮游动物的群落结构

研究了贫－中营养型的大型,深水湖泊－－浙江千岛湖浮游动物的群落结构,包括种类组成,种群动态,现存量及群落多样性指数。在1a的研究中,共发现139种浮游动物（27种原生动物,70种轮虫,26种枝角类和16种桡足类）。根据年平均密度,各类浮游动物的优势种分别为褶累枝(Epistylis plicatilie),螺形龟甲轮虫9Keratella cochlearis),透明蚤（Daphnia hyalina)和一种中剑水蚤（Mesocyclops notius)。轮虫和枝角类群落多样性指数随着水体透明度的增大呈下降的趋势;采样站变异下,枝角类群落多样性指数与其种类数和密度呈显著的正相关关系;月份变异下,桡足类群落多样性指数与其密度呈显著的正相关关系。     

浙江两类饮用水源地浮游动物种类组成及其类群相关性分析

于2009年7月至2010年4月,在浙江省选取了10个水库和10个河网饮用水源地,进行4个季节的浮游动物采样调查。记录浮游动物101种(轮虫60,枝角类24和桡足类17种)。水库和河网轮虫的优势种分别为角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)和针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthratrigla),枝角类分别为颈沟基合溞(Bosminopsis deitersi)和长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris),桡足类均为温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops)。水库中有一些能指示良好生态或水质的指示性种类。水库枝角类与桡足类群落之间周年在丰度和生物量上均有极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),轮虫与桡足类类群之间的相关性最弱;河网枝角类与桡足类在夏、秋、冬季有显著的正相关性(P<0.05)。浮游动物类群之间的相关性程度,以水库的秋季与河网的夏季为最高。轮虫与浮游甲壳动物的种类丰富度随着饮用水源水体透明度的变化呈现相反的变化趋势。     

疏浚后杭州西湖浮游动物群落的变化

2003年1-12月调查了疏浚后杭州两湖(小型、浅水、富营养化湖泊)四个采样站(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)浮游动物群落的变化。研究包括优势种组成、密度和生物量,以及浮游动物生物量与水体叶绿素a、有机物耗氧量、总氮和总磷含量之间的相关分析。疏浚后,Ⅲ-Ⅳ站原生动物第一优势种由似铃壳虫(Tintinnopsis sp.)变为筒壳虫(Tintinnidium sp.);Ⅲ-Ⅳ站轮虫第一优势种由暗小异尾轮虫(Trichocerca pusilla)变为针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla);Ⅰ站的长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)和Ⅲ站的微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura)分别取代了长肢秀体溞(Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum)第一优势种的地位;桡足类中,剑水蚤优势种为粗壮温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops dybowskii),哲水蚤优势种为汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)。疏浚后,西湖浮游动物平均密度增加了80.5%,其中原生动物密度增量贡献57.3%。平均生物量增加了49.7%,其中轮虫生物量增量贡献36.5%。西湖浮游动物生物量与水体叶绿素a、有机物耗氧量和总磷含量之间均呈垃著的正相关关系。不同采样站中,以Ⅳ站环境生态因子与浮游动物生物量之间的相关程度最高,其次为Ⅲ站、Ⅰ站和Ⅱ站,水体环境生态因子对浮游动物的影响程度与其优势利演变的体现相一致。在不同浮游动物类群中,枝角类生物量与水质生态因子之间的相关程度最高,其次为轮虫、桡足类和原生动物。     

北京白河与温榆河浮游动物调查

2004～2006年对北京地区白河和温榆河浮游生物群落进行调查.结果显示:白河浮游动物137种,隶属于78个属,其中原生动物最多,共计73种,其次是轮虫55种,枝角类7种,桡足类2种;温榆河浮游动物135种,隶属于83个属,其中原生动物共计65种,轮虫类53种,枝角类13种,桡足类4种.两河浮游动物种类组成大部分相同,以原生动物为主,但两河大型浮游动物的种类组成差别较大.据两条河流浮游动物的生态状况和凋查结果综合分析,白河的水质较好,多数站点水体清洁,只有少数站点水体达轻度污染,温榆河水质较差,大多数站点水体属轻度污染,个别站点属中度污染.     

重污染河道治理中的浮游动物群落结构变化研究

利用氧化塘-河道原位生物修复的方法对广州市古廖涌黑臭水体进行治理,并对治理前、氧化塘处理、原位生物修复河段上游和下游四个不同治理阶段的水体进行水质和浮游动物的监测,试图通过对监测结果的对比分析,确定反应河道黑臭水体不同治理程度的浮游动物群落结构特征和指示种。研究结果表明,在不同的修复阶段,水体COD_cr、BOD₅、氮和磷等污染物逐步得到去除,透明度大大提高;浮游动物群落结构发生显著变化,浮游动物群落生物多样性和均匀度提高,浮游动物种类和数量明显增加,尤其是轮虫的种类和数量的变化。水体修复完成后,浮游动物的优势种轮虫由花箧臂尾轮虫(Brachionus capsuliflorus)转变为角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)和Brachionus rubens,枝角类优势种为微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura),桡足类在数量上以无节幼体(Naupii)占绝对优势;可作为重污染河道水体修复的指示浮游动物主要有轮虫的花箧臂尾轮虫、角突臂尾轮虫、Brachionus rubens、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、奇异六腕轮虫(Pedalia mira)、胶鞘轮虫(Collothecasp.),桡足类的无节幼体,枝角类的微型裸腹溞。     

鄱阳湖丰水期水位波动对浮游动物群落演替的影响

为了解鄱阳湖夏季丰水期水位剧烈波动过程中浮游动物的群落演替特征,2012年夏季鄱阳湖水位剧烈波动期间,于6月24日、7月7日和8月27日当水位下降且接近17.6 m时,在江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区内的1个浅水碟形湖泊设置4个采样点进行采样调查。共发现浮游动物65种,其中轮虫52种,枝角类7种,桡足类6种,多为营浮游生活的广温性和嗜温性种类。单因子方差分析(one-way ANOVA)显示3个月之间浮游动物的密度和生物量均具有显著差异(P0.05),7月份浮游动物密度(1030.17±68.18个/L)显著高于6月份(325.16±41.60个/L)和8月份(203.79±24.91个/L);6月份浮游动物的生物量(0.56±0.04 mg/L)显著低于7月份(1.22±0.11 mg/L)和8月份(0.99±0.11 mg/L)。基于浮游动物多度的聚类分析和自组织映射神经网络图均揭示夏季3个月份的浮游动物可区分为明显的3个群落:6月群落、7月群落和8月群落。蒙特卡罗检验发现水温、电导率、浊度和溶氧与浮游动物群落结构变化显著相关(P0.05)。典型相关分析显示,6月份浮游动物群落与叶绿素a含量呈显著正相关关系,7月份浮游动物群落与水体温度呈显著正相关关系,8月份浮游动物群落与水深和电导率、浊度和溶氧呈显著正相关关系(P0.05)。在3个月均为优势物种的盖氏精囊轮虫与叶绿素a含量呈正相关关系(P0.05),与水温、pH、溶氧呈负相关(P0.05)。夏季水位波动过程中浮游动物的群落结构在时间上(月份之间)发生明显演替,呈现轮虫密度逐渐降低,枝角类和桡足类密度逐渐增加的变化规律。水位波动引起环境因子的改变,从而对浮游动物的群落演替产生了重要影响。     

淡水排放对杭州湾湿地浮游动物群落分布的影响

于2010年4月至2011年1月对杭州湾南岸滩涂湿地5个断面(S1-S3为排水区, S4-S5为非排水区)的高潮位和中潮位分别进行浮游动物群落结构的周年调查, 共发现浮游动物38种(轮虫15种, 枝角类4种, 桡足类19种)。排水区浮游动物年平均密度88.89 ind./L, 生物量0.41 mg/L, 非排水区平均密度仅4.21 ind./L, 生物量0.10 mg/L。排水区轮虫和桡足类的第一优势种分别为萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)和汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii), 而非排水区第一优势种为中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)。S2-S3断面中潮位的水体营养盐浓度、浮游动物密度和生物量均明显大于高潮位。淡水排放、潮沟径流和潮汐决定了滩涂湿地群落的时空格局, 后两者还解释了排水区中、高潮位间群落结构组成的差异。       

上海市中心城区河道浮游动物群落结构的周年变化

于2007年11月—2008年10月,对上海市中心城区的午潮港、横港、朝阳河、曹杨环浜等4条河道中浮游动物的群落结构及其相关水环境指标进行了调查。共鉴定浮游动物63种,其中轮虫44种(69%),枝角类13种(21%),桡足类6种(10%),优势种主要为转轮虫(Rotaria rotatoria)、长足轮虫(R.neptunia)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、长肢多肢轮虫(Pol-yarthra dolichoptera)、大型溞(Daphnia magna)、发头裸腹溞(Moina irrasa)和广布中剑水蚤(Microcyclops leuckarti)。4条河道浮游动物的平均密度变动范围为726～2571ind.L-1;平均生物量为12.04～44.27mg·L-1。相关分析结果显示,浮游动物种群密度、生物量与溶解氧呈显著正相关(P<0.05),水体中的磷酸盐、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮对浮游动物的群落结构有一定的影响。对河道中浮游动物群落结构的周年变化进行分...     

Zooplankton dynamic of Lake Prespa (Macedonia)

The composition and temporal abundance patterns of zooplankton community in Lake Prespa pelagic zone were studied throughout an annual cycle (October 2008–September 2009). Eighteen species (10 Rotifera, 5 Cladocera, 2 Copepoda, 1 Mollusca) were evidenced. It includes Arctodiaptomus steindachneri, an endemic calanoid of the Western Balkans. The zooplankton density varied during the investigated period and certain seasonal successions in temporal transpositions of their maximal development were noticed. The total zooplankton density was much higher in spring and summer period. The representatives of subclass Copepoda were dominant during the whole year. The dominant species was A. steindachneri. At the second place (with exception of the winter period) were the Cladocera representatives. The dominant species was Daphnia cucullata. At the third and fourth place were rotifers and larval form of Dreissena polymorpha, respectively. The quantitative presence of the Copepoda representatives was significantly lower in terms of the previous investigations. The Cladocera quantity reached high values during this period, particularly in summer. Such altering in the quantitative ratio between Copepoda and Cladocera in favor of the Cladocera, especially high quantitative presence of D. cucullata, typical for eutrophic lakes, imply of significant changes in zooplankton community and changes of the water quality in Lake Prespa pelagial.     

Zooplankton species diversity in Lake St. Clair,Ontario, Canada

Zooplankton species diversity and selected chemical parameters were investigated at three stations in Lake St. Clair, Ontario, Canada, from 15 June–26 August, 1971. Primary productivity and zooplankton species diversity were greatest at stations 1 and 2 which were enriched by the Thames River drainage. No significant correlation between total zooplankton diversity and chlorophyll a was found, however, within the Cladocera and Copepoda, positive correlations with chlorophyll a, reactive silicate and nitrate were shown at stations 2 and 3. Rotifer species diversity showed negative correlation with chlorophyll a, nitrate and reactive silicate.     

Zooplankton Associations in the Middle Niger-Sokoto Basin (Nigeria: West Africa)

The species richness of the crustacean zooplankton (Cladocera and Copepoda) and Rotifera in the Middle Niger-Sokoto Basin is characterised from 351 samples collected from 109 localities. 26(4) Cladocera, 18(8) Copepoda and 38(8) Rotifera are recorded. Figures in brackets indicate first records of species for Nigeria. Zooplancton associations of the Middle Niger are compared with one of its major tributaries, River Sokoto, and seven of its minor tributaries using similarity indices of Sørensen and Pearsons Product Moment Cluster Coefficients. The Rivers Sokoto and Shagari consistently had the highest similarity of zooplankton associations, for all combinations of rivers studied with r = 0.54 (Cladocera), r = 0.91 (Copepoda) and r = 0.54 (Rotifera). Zooplankton associations of the Middle Niger are weakly correlated with all tributaries studied (r < 0.1). Species composition and hydrology of the River Sokoto Basin are also compared with previous studies in Nigeria. A Principal Component Analysis of species abundance accounted for 54 % of the total variance. It again confirmed the similarity of the branches Sokoto and Shagari. Two groups of species assemblages were identified. The occurrence of Asplanchna sp., Testudinella patina and Microcyclops varicans in one group appears related to microhabitat selection. The other group made up of Brachionus calyciflorus calyciflorus, Macrothrix spinosa, Lecane luna, Thermocyclops decipiens and Metacyclops minutus is suspected to be linked to physico-chemistry. Further studies on the hydrology and physico-chemistry are required for definitive identification of both factors.     

Seasonality and abundance of some dominant crustacean zooplankton in Lake Awasa,a tropical rift valley lake in Ethiopia

The zooplankton of a Rift Valley lake in Ethiopia, Awasa, was sampled at 3 stations for 2 years (1986 and 1987) concurrently with various meteorological and limnological measurements. The spatial and temporal variation in abundance of some numerically dominant crustaceans, Mesocyclops aequatorialis similis (Copepoda), Thermocyclops consimilis (Copepoda) and Diaphanosoma excisum (Cladocera) is discussed. Temporal (months, sampling dates) rather than spatial (station) variability accounts for more than 50% of the total variance in zooplankton abundance but horizontal patchiness exists during periods of high zooplankton density. Sampling errors were generally low, except for counts of cyclopoid nauplii (subsampling) and Diaphanosoma (inter-replicate variance). Zooplankton showed distinct seasonality associated with the mixing cycle of the lake. Total numbers increased to more than 200 000 m⁻³ during the unstratified period (July to September). Low numbers were evident during stratification (February to May) when zooplankton numbers did not exceed 15 000 m⁻³. Individual zooplankton species and age classes showed variable seasonal amplitudes, ranging from 6.4 (nauplius 3) to 44.8 (copepodite 3 of Mesocyclops). We discuss some possible causes for zooplankton seasonality in Lake Awasa, and also review zooplankton seasonal cycles in other tropical lakes, especially African ones.     

苏州工业园区湖泊后生浮游动物群落结构及影响因子

苏州工业园区地处长江流域下游,随着城市化进程的不断推进,园区水生态系统结构与功能的稳定面临严峻考验。浮游动物作为水生态系统的重要组成部分,探究其群落结构的形成机制对生物多样性保护及生态系统健康发展具有重要意义。为深入了解苏州工业园区五个主要湖泊后生浮游动物群落结构的动态变化及影响因子,于2018年7月至2019年6月进行4次调查。研究共检出后生浮游动物112种（轮虫65种、枝角类29种、桡足类18种）,其中优势种12种（轮虫10种、枝角类和桡足类各1种）。Jaccard相似性分析表明,湖泊间后生浮游动物物种组成整体处于中等相似水平。后生浮游动物密度呈现出显著的季节和湖泊差异,而生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数以及Margalef丰富度指数仅存在显著的季节差异。聚类分析结果表明,夏季和秋季后生浮游动物群落结构最为相似。RDA分析表明,水温、溶解氧和pH是影响园区湖泊后生浮游动物群落结构的主要环境因子。Pearson相关性分析表明,湖泊面积与后生浮游动物群落结构无显著相关关系,样点近岸距离与生物量具有显著的正相关关系。基于水质评价标准和物种多样性指数可知,园区湖泊水质整体处于轻-中度污染水平。研究表明苏州工业园区五大湖泊后生浮游动物群落结构表现出同质化趋势;季节变化、环境因子以及样点近岸距离是调控群落结构形成的主要因素。     

Some studies on the ecology of limnetic crustacean zooplankton in Lake Begnas and Rupa,Pokhara Valley,Nepal

Monthly zooplankton samples taken during the period February, 1977 to February, 1978 in the deepest portion in two shallow sub-tropical Lakes, Begnas and Rupa in the Pokhara Valley, Nepal were studied. Four peaks of zooplankton abundance were noted. Adult and copepodid Copepoda were numerically dominant in both lakes with 56% Copepoda, 24% Cladocera and 20% nauplii in Lake Begnas and 48% Copepoda, 36% Cladocera and 16% nauplii in Lake Rupa. Other forms like Chaoborus larvae occurred sporadically in both lakes. An occurrence of the rare Limnocnida nepalensis (Coelenterata: Limnomedusae) in Lake Rupa was also noted during April and May, 1977. Although both of these lakes had already been ranked as eutrophic, the absence of calanoids, relative abundance of Bosmina longirostris and higher gross primary production in Lake Rupa is an indication of a higher trophic condition than that of Lake Begnas.     

Structure and dynamics of zooplankton communities in the littoral zone of some North Carolina lakes

Species composition and seasonal, dynamics of zooplankton in the littoral zone were studied in three piedmont North Carolina lakes for one year. Nygaard's compound index indicated oligotrophic conditions in Belews Lake and eutrophic conditions in Salem Lake and Lake 150. A total of 32 species of zooplankton were found in the samples. Significantly fewer species of truely littoral zooplankton were present in the oligotrophic lake regardless of season (P < 0.05). Eutrophication appears to favor increased diversity in zooplankton of the littoral zone. Habitat heterogeneity, provided by a well developed littoral zone containing aquatic macrophytes, may be the major factor contributing to the maintenance of more taxa of zooplankton in eutrophic systems.Distinct taxa of Cladocera and Copepoda are present in the littoral zone, exhibiting seasonal dynamics that are largely different from the limnetic fauna. Such dynamics may result from predation by characteristically limnetic species of cyclopoid copepods which seek prey in the littoral zone. The numerical and seasonal abundance of predators and prey are inversely related and the true littoral taxa, represented in the present study by the genera Alona, Chydorus, Pleuroxus, Sida, Simocephalus, and Eucyclops, contained no predaceous species. The seasonal dynamics of these genera are very similar even in widely separated geographical regions, indicating that the factor(s) responsible operate independently of climatic and chemical variables. Intrazooplankton predation appears to be a more plausable explanation than segregation along depth which, although consistent with data from studies of limnetic waters, cannot be related to populations of zooplankton in shallow littoral areas.     

鄱阳湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

数量庞大、体积微小、高度多样化的浮游生物对淡水生态系统功能具有重要影响。为探究中国第一大淡水湖——鄱阳湖浮游动物（包括轮虫、枝角类和桡足类）群落特征及其与环境因子之间的关系,本研究在鄱阳湖设置50个采样点,分别于2017年8月（夏季）、11月（秋季）、2018年2月（冬季）和5月（春季）进行浮游动物群落与生境调查,统计分析结果表明：鄱阳湖浮游动物共记录43属99种,其中轮虫31属83种,枝角类8属11种,桡足类4属5种,春夏季节种类较为丰富。浮游动物平均丰度为1155.29 ind./L,具有极显著的季节差异（P< 0.01）,夏季（3150.37 ind./L）显著高于其他三季。四季共确定优势种14种,轮虫中优势度最高的为广布多肢轮虫（Polyarthra vulgaris）,浮游甲壳动物中仅有简弧象鼻溞（Bosmina coregoni）在秋季形成优势。优势种的季节更替明显,夏秋季节间的更替率（86.00%）高于其他季节（77.00%,66.67%）。优势种、多样性和均匀度的结果均显示鄱阳湖浮游动物群落结构较复杂,具有较好的稳定性。聚类分析（Cluster analysis）和分类回归树分析（Classification and regression trees, CART）表明,每个季节均有多种群落类型,其中春夏两季中浮游动物群落类型的划分与叶绿素a（Chlorophyll a,Chla）密切相关,化学需氧量（Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD）是影响秋季群落划分的关键环境因子。非度量多维尺度分析（Non-metric multidimensional scaling,NMDS）结果表明,温度（Water Temperature,WT）、Chla、电导率（Conductivity,Cond）是造成四季浮游动物群落显著差异的最主要环境因子。冗余分析（Redundancy analysis,RDA）显示,除Chla外,总氮（Total Nitrogen,TN）、总固体悬浮物（Total Suspended Solids,TSS）和酸碱度（Hydrogen ion concentration,pH）也是影响浮游动物群落结构和优势种分布的重要因素。     

鄱阳湖子湖“堑秋湖”过程中水位变化对浮游动物群落结构的影响

“堑秋湖”是鄱阳湖区渔民根据湖泊水位季节性涨退变化, 利用人工闸门控制子湖水位进行捕鱼的一种渔业方式。研究分析了“堑秋湖”过程中浮游动物群落结构的变化, 探讨水位变化对浮游动物群落结构的影响及其他可能的影响因素, 以期为合理管控鄱阳湖区“堑秋湖”渔业活动提供科学依据。鄱阳湖“堑秋湖”捕鱼期间(2014年11月9日至2015年1月4日), 在鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区内子湖——大湖池的敞水区设置了7个采样点进行了8次浮游动物定性、定量采集和分析。研究共发现浮游动物77种, 其中轮虫53种, 枝角类10种, 桡足类14种。在“堑秋湖”捕鱼过程中, 浮游动物物种数随水位的连续下降呈现逐渐减少趋势, 多样性指数也呈逐渐下降趋势, 密度和生物量呈现先增加后减少的变化趋势。浮游动物优势物种的密度变化具有明显的种属差异, 前节晶囊轮虫和中华窄腹剑水蚤的密度呈逐渐增加的趋势, 广布多肢轮虫、广布中剑水蚤、长额象鼻溞和桡足类无节幼体的密度呈逐渐减少的趋势。冗余分析表明: 水位、电导率、水温、溶氧、营养盐等环境因子均对浮游动物群落结构产生显著影响, 其中溶解氧是最强的影响因子。此外, 根据“堑秋湖”鱼类渔获量的变化情况推测, 捕鱼活动导致的浮游食性鱼类减少也对浮游动物的密度变化产生了影响。在“堑秋湖”过程中, 随着水位的持续下降水体理化因子发生了不同变化。浮游动物的种类和多样性指数逐渐降低, 浮游动物的密度呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。浮游动物的群落结构主要受溶解氧、氨氮和水位的影响。捕鱼活动导致的浮游食性鱼类减少也对浮游动物的密度变化产生了影响。