Sepharose 4B一步法对金环蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A2的分离纯化

利用经酸处理的Sepharose 4B为层析介质,以含0.2mol/L半乳糖,pH7.4台氏液作为洗脱液,从广西产金环蛇(Bungarus fasciatus)蛇毒中一步分离得到一种磷脂酶A2.用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定其分子量为14 kDa.N端部分序列测定表明,所分离得到的磷脂酶A2其N端16个氨基酸残基序列与已报道的金环蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A2同功酶Ⅵ(Lu & Lo,1978)一致.该酶糖含量较高,为13.4%;具有弱的磷脂酶A2活性,无毒,也无溶血和出血毒活性.     

竹叶青蛇毒磷脂酶A2的分离纯化和性质研究

竹叶青蛇毒磷脂酶Ａ_２的分离纯化和性质研究冯波,吴卫甲,钱嵘,王克夷,周元聪（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所,２０００３１）关键词竹叶青蛇毒,磷脂酶Ａ_２;血小板聚集磷脂酶Ａ。在哺乳动物胰脏和蛇毒毒液中含量较丰富,其中蛇毒磷脂酶Ａ。除能水解甘油磷脂的第二...     

五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A_2的纯化及部分性质

经Sephadex G-75和QAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换层析等方法,从湖南产五步蛇(Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒中纯化一种均一的酸性磷脂酶A_2。SDS-PAGE测得分子量为15.8kD,按氨基酸残基计算其分子量为14.352kD,IEF-PAGE测得等电点为5.32。氨基酸组份分析表明磷脂酶A_2分子由128个氨基酸残基组成,富含Asp和Glu,不含中性糖。PLA_2酶活性的最适温度为45℃,最适pH为8.5左右,没有抗胰蛋白酶的活性,具一定的热稳定性。K~+、Ca~(++)和Na~+离子激活,而Cd~(++)、Sn~(++)、Cu~(++)、Li~+、Hg(++)、Zn~(++)、Fe~(++)和Co~(++)离子可抑制或完全丧失酶活力。手工微量顺序分析测得PLA_2分子N-末端氨基酸为Leu。此酶对小白鼠的LD_(50)至少大于10mg/kg(ip)。     

广西产眼镜蛇毒酸性磷脂酶A2的分离纯化及性质研究

目的　从广西产中华眼镜蛇毒 ( N aja naja atra)中分离了一种新的磷脂酶 A2 ( PLA2 ) ,并研究其性质。　方法　磷脂酶 A2 ( PLA2 )的分离纯化采用 CM5 2、CM-Sepharose CL-6 B离子交换柱和 SepharoseCL-6 B凝胶柱 ,磷脂酶 A2 ( PLA2 )的性质采用经典方法进行。　结果　分离后的磷脂酶 A2 经过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和 HPLC检测 ,其为单一组分。SDS-PAGE测定它的分子量为1 5 0 0 0± 1 0 0 0。等电聚焦测得它的等电点为 6 .3。它的最适温度为 5 5℃ ,最适 p H值为 8.5。氨基酸成分分析表明该酶由 1 2 6个氨基酸组成 ,以 Asp、Ala、Gly、Cys居多。Fe3 、Zn2 、EDTA对其酶活力起抑制作用 ;K 、Ca2 、去垢剂对其活力起促进作用。荧光光谱分析表明该酶的色氨酸残基、组氨酸残基可能位于分子表面。药理实验表明 :该酶具有抗胰蛋白酶作用、抗凝血作用、间接溶血作用以及对青蛙具有心脏毒性。　结论　广西产中华眼镜蛇毒磷脂酶 A2 与其它来源的 PLA2 同源性高 ,但性质不尽相同。     

广西眼镜王蛇毒碱性磷脂酶A_2(PLA_2)的分离纯化及其性质的研究

广西眼镜王蛇毒用羧甲基纤维素CM-52、磷酸纤维素P-11和Sepharose CL-6B柱层析纯化,得到一个在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上为单一蛋白带,PLA_2的比活性较原蛇毒提高3.6倍,分子量的为13000,由122个氨基酸组成,_pI为8.9,具有良好的热稳定性。从碱性PLA_2对红细胞影响的电镜观察可见,对人的红细胞膜有明显的作用,而对山羊红细胞作用不明显。PLA_2无论对人还是对山羊、兔和豚鼠红细胞电泳速度都有明显的迟缓作用。     

巴西橡胶树胶乳磷脂酶A_2的分离纯化及部分酶学性质鉴定

通过丙酮沉淀、DEAE-纤维素离子交换柱层析和Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤柱层析等分离纯化技术,对巴西橡胶树胶乳C-乳清磷脂酶A2进行分离纯化。用SDS-PAGE测定其亚基的相对分子量。测定该酶最适温度和pH,动力学常数Km和Vmax。并测定Ca2+和La3+对酶活性的影响。结果显示:该酶被纯化了49.47倍,产率为5.12%。SDS-PAGE检测为单一条带,其亚基相对分子量约43kDa。最适反应温度为37℃,最适反应pH为8.0,Km为0.44mmol·L-1,Vmax为7.22μmol.(mL.min)-1。最适Ca2+浓度为50μmol·L-1,稀土元素La3+离子对磷脂酶A2活性有抑制作用,但加入Ca2+后可缓解La3+对磷脂酶A2活性的抑制作用。胶乳C-乳清磷脂酶A2与其他植物磷脂酶A2在Ca2+的依赖性上存在差异。研究结果为今后探索橡胶树胶乳磷脂酶A2的催化机理、调节机理及生理功能等奠定了基础。     

短尾蝮蛇毒磷脂酶A2的分离纯化及抗血小板聚集作用

目的研究短尾蝮蛇毒磷脂酶A2的分离纯化及其抗血小板聚集作用。方法磷脂酶A2的分离纯化采用CM-SephadexC-25、DEAE-SepharoseCL-6B、SephacrylS-200、SephadexG-75柱层析法,用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定其蛋白分子质量,以磷脂酶Az测定方法测定其酶活性,用比浊法测定其对二磷酸腺苷（ADP）引起的血小板聚集的影响。结果从短尾蝮蛇毒中纯化所得磷脂酶A2的相对分子质量为16．0×10^3（非还原）、17．6×10^3（还原）,它具有磷脂酶A2活性,能明显抑制ADP引起的血小板聚集并呈剂量-效应关系。结论此方法成功地从短尾蝮蛇毒中分离纯化出磷脂酶A2,并能抑制血小板聚集。     

长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A2的分离和初步表征

东北长白山白眉蝮蛇（ＡｇｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｏｎｂｌｏｍｈｏｆｆｉＵｓｕｒｅｎｓｉｓ）蛇毒经ＤＥＡＥＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ５０离子交换层析柱,连续３步ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ７５凝胶过滤柱得到了磷脂酶Ａ２（ＰＬＡ２）的纯品。ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ）以及基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时质谱（ＭＡＬＤＩ／ＴＯＦ／ＭＳ）表征为单一蛋白,其准确分子量为（１４．００８±０．００７）ｋＤ。最适ｐＨ范围８．０～９．０,最适的反应温度为４５℃。在溶液中有多聚体的存在。     

广西眼镜蛇毒磷脂酶A2初步晶体学分析

广西眼镜蛇毒酸性磷脂酶A2具有抗凝血活性和溶血活性。采用悬滴气相扩散法,培养出该酶四方和立方两种晶型的单晶,并进行了X射线衍射鉴定。四方晶型的空间群为P43212或P41212,晶胞参数为α=b=8.797nm,c=10.831nm。每不对称单位中含3个分子;立方晶型的空间群为P213,晶胞参数为a=b=c=6.840nm,其不对称单位含1个分子,对两种晶型分别收集了0.28nm分辨率衍射数据。对不同地域眼镜蛇毒磷脂酶A2的晶体特性进行了比较。     

分泌型磷脂酶A_2家族及其受体

磷脂酶Ａ2 (ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｌｉｐａｓｅＡ2 ,ＰＬＡ2 )的系统名为磷脂酰 2 脂酰水解酶 (ｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｉｄｙｌ ｃｈｏｌｉｎｅ 2 ａｃｙｌｈｙｄｒｏｌａｓｅ)。根据其存在位置可分为细胞内型ＰＬＡ2 (ｉｎｔｒａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒＰＬＡ2 )和分泌型ＰＬＡ2 (ｓｅｃｒｅｔｅｄＰＬＡ2 ,ｓＰＬＡ2 )两种。ｓＰＬＡ2 可以催化甘油磷酸酯的 2位酰键水解 ,生成游离脂肪酸和溶血酸脂。因为其产物在细胞信号转导及生物活性脂 (包括花生四烯酸、血小板活性因子等 )的生物合成中起重要作用 ,所以ＰＬＡ2 被普遍认为是控制脂介质前体释放的核心…     

Cobra venom phospholipase A2 inhibition by manoalide. A novel type of phospholipase inhibitor

Manoalide, an unusual nonsteroidal sesterterpenoid recently isolated from sponge, antagonizes phorbol-induced inflammation but not that induced by arachidonic acid, suggesting that manoalide acts prior to the cyclooxygenase step in prostaglandin synthesis, possibly by inhibiting phospholipase A2. We have now studied the inhibitory effect of manoalide on a homogeneous preparation of phospholipase A2 from cobra venom. For a given concentration of manoalide, the inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity toward dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/Triton X-100 mixed micelles is time-dependent and plateaus at about 85% inhibition of the initial velocity even after extensive preincubation. Metal ions (Ca2+, Ba2+, Mn2+) increase the inhibition, while lysophosphatidylcholine and substrate micelles protect. Increasing manoalide concentration shows increasing inhibition of the initial velocity until a plateau is reached, giving a typical saturation curve with a linear double-reciprocal plot. Under typical conditions (20-min preincubation, 40 degrees C, pH 7.1), 50% inhibition is achieved at a manoalide concentration of about 2 X 10(-6) M. The data indicate that manoalide is a potent inhibitor of the cobra venom phospholipase A2. Manoalide is now shown to react irreversibly with lysine residues in the enzyme. Surprisingly, the cobra venom phospholipase normally acts poorly on phosphatidylethanolamine as substrate, but after reaction with manoalide, the enzyme is somewhat more active toward this substrate rather than being inhibited. This suggests that a lysine residue may be important in understanding the substrate specificity of phospholipase A2.     

Cobra venom phospholipase A2: A review of its action toward lipid/water interfaces

Summary This review focuses on the mechanism of action of phospholipase A₂ from cobra venom (Naja naja naja) toward the lipid/water interface. Particular points of interest include dramatic changes in the enzyme activity if the physical state of its substrate is altered and the activation of the enzyme by phosphorylcholine containing lipids. The experimental findings include the following: Micellar substrates are hydrolyzed faster by the enzyme than various bilayer forms of substrate aggregation. The activity of the enzyme toward short chain phospholipids increases suddenly above their critical micelle concentrations. An abrupt change in susceptibility to the enzyme is observed at the thermotropic phase transition of phospholipid vesicles. The enzyme shows the kinetic phenomena of surface dilution and activation by certain lipids, which suggest a two-step mechanism of action. A model is discussed which accommodates the present data both for the action of this enzyme at various lipid/water interfaces as well as its interaction with synthetic monomeric ligands and substrates.     

Cobra venom phospholipase A2 immobilized to porocus glass beads.

Phospholipase A₂ (EC 3.1.1.4) from cobra venom (Naja naja naja) has been covalently immobilized to aryl amine porous glass beads by diazo coupling. The attachment of the enzyme to the glass beads is apparently through tyrosine. The activity of the immobilized enzyme toward phospholipid substrate has been monitored using the Triton X-100/phospholipid mixed micelle assay system. The activity of the immobilized phospholipase A₂ toward phosphatidylcholine is about 160 μmol min^?1 ml^?1 of glass beads, and the specific activity is about 13 μmol min^?1 mg^?1 of protein in this assay system. The pH rate profile and apparent pK_a in 10 mm Ca²⁺ of the immobilized enzyme parallels that of the soluble enzyme. The substrate specificity of the immobilized enzyme toward individual phospholipid species in mixed micelles is phosphatidylcholine ? phosphatidylethanolamine. In binary lipid mixtures in mixed micelles containing phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine together, a reversal in specificity is observed, and phosphatidylethanolamine is the preferred substrate. This unusual specificity reversal in binary mixtures is also observed for the soluble enzyme. The activity of the immobilized enzyme toward phospholipid inserted in mixed micelles is the same as toward a synthetic phospholipid which forms monomers, while a 20-fold decrease in activity toward monomeric substrate is observed for the soluble enzyme. The immobilized enzyme is stable at temperatures of 90 °C as is the soluble enzyme. However, p-bromphenacyl bromide, a reagent which inactivates the soluble enzyme, does not inactivate the immobilized enzyme. The immobilized enzyme can be stored frozen for several months and is reusable. The mechanism of action of immobilized phospholipase A₂ from cobra venom and the potential usefullness of the bound enzyme as a probe for phospholipids in surfaces of membranes is considered.     

Cobra venom acetylcholinesterase. Purification and molecular properties.

Acetylcholinesterase from cobra (Naja naja oxiana) venom has been purified by affinity chromatography to an homogeneous state, as ascertained by sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sedimentation analysis. The specific activity of the preparation was 5000 IU/mg with acetylcholine as substrate. Unlike acetylcholinesterases from insoluble cell structures, the native molecule of the cobra venom enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 67,000 +/- 2000. At high enzyme concentrations (greater than 0.2 mg/ml, greater than 1 microM) and ionic strength 0.1 M, it reversibly tends to form higher-molecular-weight 7.1-S aggregates. Despite the apparent structural simplicity of the venom acetylcholinesterase, the disc electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing experiments revealed that the enzyme exists in a number of forms with a common molecular weight but with different isoelectric points. Neuraminidase treatment did not reduce the number of the forms.     

广西眼镜蛇毒磷酸二酯酶分离纯化及部分性质

磷酸二酯酶(PDE)广泛存在于各种蛇毒中,在响尾蛇科、蝰蛇科、眼镜蛇科和海蛇科的部分蛇毒中都存在着该酶.不同的蛇毒其PDE活力及含量有很大差异.即便在生物学分类上十分接近的蛇种,其PDE活力亦相差甚远.该酶是核酸结构分析的一种重要工具酶,具有核酸水解酶作用,是一种核酸外切酶,它能从3'-端顺序地降解核糖或脱氧核糖多核苷酸,生成5'-单核苷酸.该酶既能水解DNA又能水解RNA,因而在核酸的鉴定和序列测定方面获得了广泛的应用.由于蛇毒PDE在核酸顺序测定中显示的重要性,因而对各种蛇毒纯化PDE的研究工作引起了国内外学者的广泛兴趣.王殿洪等[1]曾对江西蝮蛇毒中PDE的分离纯化及某些性质做过报道,但广西眼镜蛇毒中PDE的分离纯化及性质在国内外均未有报道.广西有丰富的眼镜蛇毒资源,而且有高活性的PDE.蛇毒PDE的生物学活性,国外研究得较少.它没有出血、凝血、纤溶及致死作用.蛇毒PDE水解核糖核酸产生5'-单核苷酸,5'-单核苷酸在医药上均有十分重要作用,制成药物治疗白血病和血小板减少症等.     

Purification and properties of three new phospholipase A2 isoenzymes from Micropechis ikaheka venom

Three new phospholipase A2 (PLA2) isoenzymes were purified from the Micropechis ikaheka venom by successive chromatographies. The homogeneity of them was accessed by capillary zone electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Their N-terminal sequences showed high identity (94, 88 and 90, respectively) with MiPLA-1, a group IB PLA2 also from this venom. In addition, strong immuno-cross-reaction with anti-MiPLA-1 serum was observed. These results suggested that three newly purified PLA2 belonged to group IB. Beside enzymatic activity, they induced various pharmacological effects, including myotoxic, anticoagulant effects and insulin secretion stimulating effects. Our results indicated that enzymatic activity is essential for their myotoxic and anticoagulant effects. On the other hand, no direct correlation between their insulin secretion stimulating effect and enzymatic activity was observed, suggesting that they may stimulate insulin secretion through a non-enzymatic mechanism.     

Purification of rabbit platelet secretory phospholipase A2 and its characteristics

It was reported previously that rat platelets release phospholipase A2 upon in vitro stimulation by thrombin, ADP, or A23187 (Horigome, K., Hayakawa, M., Inoue, K., & Nojima, S. (1987) J. Biochem. 101, 53-61). Secretion of phospholipase A2 was also observed with rabbit platelets. Rabbit platelets seem to release phospholipase A2 upon stimulation in vivo, because the rabbit plasma taken immediately after intravenous injection of PAF contained an appreciable level of phospholipase A2 activity and fewer platelets. Rabbit platelet phospholipase A2 released in vitro was purified by column chromatography using Sepharose CL-4B conjugated with anti-rat platelet derived phospholipase A2 monoclonal antibody, followed by reversed-phase HPLC. The purified enzyme was subjected to structural analysis by HPLC peptide mapping and primary sequence determination of the separated peptides. Based on the homology with rat platelet secretory phospholipase A2 (Hayakawa, M., Kudo, I., Tomita, M., Nojima, S., & Inoue, K. (1988) J. Biochem. 104, 767-772), a partial primary structure (62 amino acid residues) of the rabbit enzyme was tentatively determined; the two sequences were highly homologous (72%). The rabbit sequence was also nearly identical to that of rabbit ascitic fluid phospholipase A2, which was determined by Forst et al. (Forst, S., Weiss, J., Elsbach, P., Maraganore, J.M., Reardon, I., & Heinrikson, R.L. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 8381-8385). Phospholipase A2 from the membrane fraction of rabbit platelets was also purified; it had the same characteristics and th same amino-terminal sequence as the purified secretory enzyme. Secretory and membrane-bound phospholipase A2 of rabbit platelets may in fact be identical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)