外科护理实训微格教学法探讨

微格教学法把每一完整的技能操作项目分解成许多可操作、易重复、可测量的具体目标、步骤进行训练和评价。用微格法进行外科实训教学,可有效的解决传统教学中的许多不足,充分调动学生的学习兴趣和学习积极性,教学质量显著提高。     

论自我效能感对学生学习活动的影响及培养策略

自我效能感是Bandura自我效能理论的核心概念,是指个体对自己是否能够成功地进行某一成就行为的主观判断。文章介绍了自我效能感的概念、形成因素及对学生学习活动的影响,在此基础上,探讨了对学生学习自我效能感的培养策略。     

情绪调节自我效能感对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者治疗的影响

目的:本研究探讨心理干预对患者情绪调节自我效能感的影响,分析情绪调节自我效能感对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者治疗和康复的影响.方法:1)实验分为干预组(实验组)和非干预组(对照).2)情绪调节自我效能感量表评定患者干预前后的情绪调节自我效能感.3)对心理干预组进行随访,使用理性情绪化疗法、支持疗法、情绪宣泄法、康复指导及疾病意外应对指导进行干预.结果:1)为其1年心理干预有效降低疾病复发率、住院时间和住院频率.但对急性发作治疗期的治疗影响不显著.2)心理干预有效提高患者的情绪调节自我效能感.结论:心理干预有效提高患者的情绪调节自我效能感,促进缓解期的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的康复,并有效降低复发率.     

不同护理对2型糖尿病病人自我效能的影响

目的:探讨不同护理模式对2型糖尿病患者自我效能的影响.方法:将126例2型糖尿病患者随机分为试验组和对照组,对照组实施常规护理,试验组除实施常规护理外,由专人根据患者实际情况实施个案护理,比较两组自我效能差异.结果:实施个案护理后,糖尿病患者的自我效能改变与对照组相比有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:应用个案护理可显著提高2型糖尿病患者自我效能.     

老年性白内障患者生活质量调查及与自我效能感、自我感受负担和社会关系质量的相关性研究

目的:研究老年性白内障患者生活质量与自我效能感、自我感受负担和社会关系质量的相关性。方法:纳入我院于2018年8月~2020年12月期间接收的老年性白内障患者116例作为研究组,另选取同期来我院检查眼睛视力的100例志愿者作为对照组,两组均填写中文版低视力者生活质量量表(CLVQOL)、自我感受负担量表(SPBS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、社会关系质量量表等评分量表。经Pearson线性相关分析CLVQOL评分与SPBS、GSES和社会关系质量的关系。结果:共发放问卷216份,收回有效问卷212份,回收率为98.15%。研究组的身体机能、精神心理、症状与视功能、社会活动、总分低于对照组,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组身体因素、情感因素、经济因素、总分高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组个体对环境挑战的认知、个体对自我的认知、个体对控制感的认知以及总分低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组家庭承担、家庭亲密度、朋友关系、总分低于对照组(P<0.05)。Pearson线性相关分析结果显示,CLVQOL评分与GSES和社会关系质量呈正相关,而与SPBS呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:老年性白内障患者生活质量较差,与自我效能感、自我感受负担和社会关系质量密切相关,应重视上述相关因素的改善,以提高患者生活质量。     

文拉法辛联合团体人际心理疗法对社交恐惧症患者心理状态、自我效能感和社会功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨团体人际心理疗法联合文拉法辛对社交恐惧症（SAD）患者心理状态、自我效能感和社会功能的影响。方法：选取2017年4月~2020年4月期间我院收治的98例SAD患者,根据奇偶数法将患者分为对照组49例和联合组49例。对照组给予文拉法辛治疗,联合组在对照组的基础上联合团体人际心理疗法治疗,对比两组SAD症状改善情况、心理状态、自我效能感和社会功能。结果：两组干预后社交回避、社交苦恼评分均下降,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后焦虑自评量表（SAS)、抑郁自评量表（SDS)评分均下降,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后表达积极、管理沮丧、管理生气自我效能感评分均升高,且联合组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）、社会适应能力评定量表（SAFE）评分均降低,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：团体人际心理疗法联合文拉法辛治疗SAD患者,可缓解其抑郁、焦虑症状,提高自我效能感及社会功能,疗效较好。     

电话干预对痛风患者院外自我护理的影响

目的观察电话干预对痛风患者自我护理的效果。方法将60例痛风患者随机分为干预组和对照组各30例,对照组只接受离院后常规健康教育,干预组在接受离院后常规健康教育的同时,并接受由专科护士主导的个体化教育和支持性电话干预。结果干预组患者的自我护理能力、遵医行为及满意度均高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论电话回访不但延伸了优质护理的健康教育,而且满足了痛风患者在院外的健康生活需求,对提高患者生活质量具有重要意义。     

低频电刺激联合康复训练治疗脑卒中偏瘫患者效果及运动功能、自我效能的影响

摘要 目的：分析低频电刺激联合康复训练治疗脑卒中偏瘫患者效果及运动功能、自我效能的影响。方法：选择我院自2019年5月至2022年1月收治的156例脑卒中偏瘫患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各78例。对照组予以常规对症支持治疗,加用康复训练;观察组在对照组的基础上,加用低频电刺激治疗,持续治疗8周后评估疗效。根据患者的下肢Brunnstrom分级改善幅度,评价治疗效果;比较两组治疗前后的下肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表（FMA）、Berg平衡量表（BBS）、改良Barthel指数（MBI）和一般自我效能感量表（GSES）评分。结果：观察组治疗总有效率为96.15 %,高于对照组的84.62 %（P＜0.05）;对比对照组,观察组治疗后下肢FMA评分、BBS评分均更高（P＜0.05）;对比对照组,观察组治疗后MBI评分、GSES评分均更高（P＜0.05）。结论：低频电刺激联合康复训练治疗脑卒中偏瘫患者的效果明显,能够有效改善运动功能和生活质量,提高自我效能,值得进一步研究应用。     

改良剖宫产后评分法联合护理干预对剖宫产术后再次妊娠的临床效果分析

为了探究改良评分法联合护理干预对剖宫产术后再次妊娠孕妇的临床效果,本研究选取200例剖宫产术后再次妊娠孕妇,随机分为两组:对照组给予改良评分法联合常规干预,观察组为改良评分法联合护理干预。统计分析两组孕妇抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)和焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)的评分情况、孕妇术后并发症,新生儿并发症和康复情况。研究结果显示,与常规干预组相比,改良评分法联合护理干预可明显降低剖宫产术后再次妊娠孕妇的SDS(p<0.05)和SAS评分(p<0.05),降低孕妇术后并发症(p<0.05)和新生儿并发症的发生率(p<0.05),以及增加孕妇术后的康复有效率(p<0.05)。本研究初步表明,改良评分法联合护理干预可明显改善剖宫产术后再次妊娠孕妇的临床效果,值得妇产科临床推广和运用。     

改良VBAC评分法联合护理干预在剖宫产后阴道试产中的临床价值

为了分析改良剖宫产术后阴道分娩(vaginal birth after cesarean section, VBAC)评分法联合护理干预在剖宫产术后阴道试产孕妇中的临床价值,本研究选取在医院就诊的240例剖宫产术后阴道试产孕妇,随机分为两组,每组120例。对照组给予VBAC评分法联合护理干预,实验组为改良VBAC评分法联合护理干预。统计分析两组孕妇试产时情况(产程时间,产时出血量和产后住院时间)、孕妇术后并发症(产褥感染,产后出血和尿潴留)、新生儿并发症(早产,肺炎和新生儿窒息)和分娩成功率。研究结果显示,相对于未改良VBAC评分组,改良VBAC评分法联合护理干预可明显改善剖宫产后阴道试产时的孕妇临床指数,降低孕妇术后并发症和新生儿并发症的发生率,以及升高分娩成功率(p0.05)。改良VBAC评分法联合护理干预在剖宫产后阴道试产孕妇中具有重要的临床效果和价值,值得临床推广和运用。     

A circular dichroism study of modified nucleosides

The conformation of 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine and 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine was studied by means of circular dichroism in various solvents. In order to calculate the accurate spectral parameters of the Cotton effects, the circular dichroism spectra were resolved into component Gaussian functions which simultaneously fit the adsorption spectra. On the basis of circular dichroism and proton magnetic resonance spectra, these nucleosides were found to occur in the β-configuration with the ³E-gg-anti conformation preferred. Due to the fact that the long-wavelength Cotton effect of mcm⁵s²U is not masked by the Cotton effects of the other nucleic acid monomers, the molecular parameters of this band may be useful for the conformational analysis of tRNA segments.     

Phase-I study of intravenous modified lipid A

Summary Endotoxin and the lipid-A portion of the molecule have a variety of biological effects, including the induction of necrosis and regression of malignancy. To date extensive clinical trials of endotoxin as a potential therapeutic agent have been shunned due to the toxicity of the material.Several lipid-A analogues have been described which have reduced toxicity and retain antitumor activity. We have investigated in a phase-I trial the clinical toxicity and immunological effects of monophosphoryl lipid A prepared from Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella minnesota.Patients entered on the study received IV monophosphoryl lipid A twice weekly for a total of 4 weeks. At least three patients were entered sequentially at each of the dose levels of 10, 25, 50, 100, and 250 g/m² body surface area. One patient was treated at the dose level of 500 g/m². The major clinical toxicity was fever, chills, and rigor, which occurred in over 50% of the treatments at doses of 250 g/m². Two instances of bronchospasm occurred in one patient who received 250 g/m². One patient received 500 g/m² and became hypotensive.Sequential clinical data showed no evidence of renal or hepatic toxicity. A transient decrease in the WBC and platelets occurred during the first 24 h after therapy. Immune function testing measured T cells, monocyte cytostasis, monocyte suppressor cell activity, and NK activity. These data suggested a shift in monocyte populations with activated cells moving into the tissue.Direct objective antitumor activity or necrosis was not observed in this group of patients. We conclude that monophosphoryl lipid A can be given to patients in a dose of up to 100 g/m² with acceptable toxicity. Its clinical activity as a single agent in combination with other immunomodulators remains to be demonstrated.     

A stopped-flow fluorescence study of the native and modified lysozyme

The protein folding kinetics of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) was studied using experimental and bioinformatics tools. The structure of the transition state in the unfolding pathway of lysozyme was determined with stopped-flow kinetics using intact HEWL and its chemically modified derivative, in which six lysine residues have been modified. The overall consistency of φ-value (φ ≈ 1) indicates that lysine side chains interactions are subject to breaking in the structure of the transition state. Following experimental evidences, multiple sequence alignment of lysozyme family in vertebrates and exact structural examination of lysozyme, showed that the α-helix in the structure of lysozyme has critical role in the unfolding kinetics.     

根系分泌物研究方法(综述)

根系分泌物是植物与土壤进行物质、能量与信息交流的重要载体物质.研究根系分泌物的种类、数量对了解植物与土壤及根际微生物相互作用机理具有重要指导意义,根系分泌物研究方法的选择对研究结果有重要的影响.本文着重讨论根系分泌物收集、分离纯化及鉴定的常用方法,并列举特定根系分泌物的研究方法,旨在为根系分泌物的研究提供借鉴和参考.     

A modified chemostat system to study the ecology of oral biofilms

Previously, we developed a chemostat system to study the behaviour and properties of a community of up to 10 species of oral bacteria. The present study describes modification of this system to incorporate removable and replaceable hydroxyapatite (the major mineral in human dental enamel) disks on which biofilms could develop. Hydroxyapatite disks were immersed in the chemostat for known time periods, and the bacterial content of biofilms determined by viable counting. Initial deposition rates were rapid, with all 10 species detected after 1 h, and the numbers of bacteria in biofilms continued to increase for 21 d. The species composition of biofilms reflected that of the surrounding fluid phase, and showed only limited signs of the type of 'species succession' which is observed in developing dental plaque in vivo , although anaerobic species increased in proportion in older biofilms. Four-day biofilms showed the least variability and were chosen as the 'standard biofilm' for more detailed study. Variability in the bacterial composition of 4-d biofilms was comparable both within a single chemostat run and between independent chemostat runs. Glucose pulsing in the absence of pH control resulted in the selection of cariogenic species; the disruption of the biofilm community was less marked than that of the equivalent planktonic culture. The model system has considerable potential in studying the effects of a variety of factors on biofilm development, as well as in comparing the efficacy of antimicrobial systems against biofilms.     

A study of conventional formaldehyde fumigation methods

The currently recommended methods for the formaldehyde fumigation of rooms have been studied with the aid of an instrument designed to monitor the temperature, humidity and formaldehyde concentration. The results show that although the procedures are generally effective as measured by microbiological methods the conditions within the areas treated are not those expected from calculations based on the room volume and the amount of formaldehyde used. The measured formaldehyde levels in particular are much lower than predicted and indicate that formaldehyde vapour may be effective at lower concentrations than previously supposed.     

A study of conventional formaldehyde fumigation methods

The currently recommended methods for the formaldehyde fumigation of rooms have been studied with the aid of an instrument designed to monitor the temperature, humidity and formaldehyde concentration. The results show that although the procedures are generally effective as measured by microbiological methods the conditions within the areas treated are not those expected from calculations based on the room volume and the amount of formaldehyde used. The measured formaldehyde levels in particular are much lower than predicted and indicate that formaldehyde vapour may be effective at lower concentrations than previously supposed.     

A simulation study of the reliability of recombination detection methods

There exist many methods to detect recombination or mosaic structure in a sample of DNA sequences. But how reliable are they? Four methods were investigated with respect to their power to detect recombination in simulated samples with different amounts of recombination and mutation. In addition, we investigated the impact of the shape of the underlying genealogy on their performances. We found that the methods detected far fewer recombinations than were theoretically possible and that methods based on the principle of incompatibility in general had more power than methods that did not make use of this principle explicitly. This seemed, in particular, to be the case for phylogenies generated under population expansion scenarios which result in long branches at the tips and small deep branches. In addition to the results obtained through simulations, a series of new theoretical results on recombination is presented.